非言语交际在大学英语教学中的应用

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ABSTRACT

Human communication can be divided into two kinds: verbal communication

(VC) and nonverbal communication (NVC). VC is commonly considered as the most

important, efficient, powerful means of communication in our daily life. By far, many

researches have been done on VC. As to its special non-verbal qualities, NVC didn’t

receive its due attention.

Over the past decades, college English teaching has achieved great achievements

and cultivated many talents with limited English resources and conditions. However,

college English teaching is still inefficient although a lot of time and money has spent

on. After doing some research, the author finds insufficient attention being paid to NVC

is one of the important reasons. For the improvement of teaching effectiveness, the

author attempts to apply NVC into college English teaching with experimental study.

Starting from four aspects, body language, paralanguage, object language and

environmental language, the author designs two questionnaires (one for students, the

other for teachers) and carries a series of classroom observations and interviews, from

which she finds some problems existing in the teachers’ use of NVC and offers some

suggestions on how to use it effectively.

Non-verbal signals such as the smiling face on teachers, the eye contact between

teachers and students, the use of body language, the change of the tone, influence

teaching effects to a large degree. After being properly adjusted and regulated, factors

such as facial expression, eye contact, seating arrangement, application of teaching tools,

and color of the curtain, can exert great influence on the improvement of students’

enthusiasms.

Key words: nonverbal communication, verbal communication, college

English teaching

iii

摘要

人类的交际有两种方式：语言交际与非语言交际。在我们的日常生活中，语

言交际通常被认为是人类最重要、最有效、最强有力的交际手段，而非语言交际

由于它无法用言语来表达的特性使得我们轻易地忽略了它的重要性。

我国的大学英语教学在过去的十几年取得了辉煌的成就，在英语资源有限的

环境和条件下培养出了大量的英语人才。但是，大学英语教学仍然存在着“费时

低效”的问题。导致这一情况的因素有很多，经过调查研究，作者发现非语言交

际没有被给予充分的重视是其中重要原因之一。为了更加有效提高教学效果，笔

者通过实证研究提出将非言语交际应用于大学英语教学。

笔者从体态语、副语言、客体语言和环境语言四个方面出发，参考国内外学

者对于非言语交际的研究，设计了两套调查问卷(一套针对学生，另一套针对教

师)，进行了一系列的教学观摩、采访等活动，找出了现阶段大学英语教学中部分

教师在运用非言语交际的过程中存在的一些问题，提出了一些解决方案。

教师的音容笑貌、课堂上眼神的交流、身体语言的运用、音调的变换、体距

的处理等非言语交际行为，在很大的程度上影响着教学效果。座位的安排、教学

辅助手段的运用、窗帘的颜色、教室的明亮度，这些看似不起眼的非言语因素经

过一定的调整与规划，都可以提高学生学习的积极性，增强教学的效果。

关键词:非语言交际语言交际大学英语教学

List of Tables

Table 3.1 Information of Teachers Being Studied...........................................................20

Table 3.2 Information of Students Being Interviewed………………………………20

Table 3.3 Teachers’ Choices in Questionnaire……………………………………….27

List of Figures

Figure 3.1 Configuration of Observation………………………………………………22

Figure 3.2 Traditional Arrangement……………………………………………………24

Figure 3.3Horseshoe Arrangement……………………………………………………24

Figure 3.4 Modular Arrangement ……………………………………………………..24

Figure 4.1 Model for Present Study……………………………………………………28

Figure4.2 the Traditional Classroom Arrangement…………………………………42

Figure 4.3 the Horseshoe Arrangement…………………………………..……………42

Figure 4.4 the Modular Arrangement………………………………………..................43

Contents

Acknowledgments……………………………………………………………………...i

ABSTRACT…………………………………………………………………………..ii

摘要…………………………………………………………………………...iii

List of Tables………………………………………………………………………….iv

List of Figures………………………………………………………………………….v

Chapter One Introduction ..............................................................................................1

1.1 Research Background ......................................................................................... 1

1.2 Importance of NVC .............................................................................................2

1.3 Characteristics of NVC ....................................................................................... 4

1.4 Organization of the Thesis .................................................................................. 6

Chapter Two Literature Review .................................................................................... 7

2.1 Previous Study of NVC ...................................................................................... 7

2.1.1 Study of NVC in Foreign Countries .......................................................... 7

2.1.2 Study of NVC in China .............................................................................. 8

2.2 Definition of NVC .............................................................................................. 9

2.3 Classification of NVC .........................................................................................9

2.3.1 Classification by Foreign Scholars ............................................................ 9

2.3.2 Classification by Chinese Scholars .......................................................... 11

2.4 Functions of NVC ............................................................................................. 13

2.4.1 Functions of NVC in Daily Communication ........................................... 13

2.4.2 Functions of NVC in Classroom Teaching .............................................. 14

Chapter Three Research Design and Result Analysis ................................................19

3.1 Objectives ......................................................................................................... 19

3.2 Subjects ............................................................................................................. 19

3.3 Instruments ........................................................................................................21

3.3.1 Questionnaires ..........................................................................................21

3.3.2 Classroom Observations .......................................................................... 21

3.3.3 Interviews with Teachers ..........................................................................23

3.4 Results Analysis ................................................................................................ 23

3.4.1 Questionnaire from Students ....................................................................23

3.4.2 Questionnaire from Teachers ................................................................... 26

3.4.3 Classroom Observation ............................................................................ 27

Chapter Four Application of NVC in College English Teaching .............................. 28

4.1 Body Language ................................................................................................. 28

4.1.1 Eye Contact .............................................................................................. 29

4.1.2 Gestures……………………………………………………………….32

4.2 Paralanguage ..................................................................................................... 34

4.2.1 Silence ......................................................................................................35

4.2.2 Non-verbal sound .....................................................................................36

4.3 Object Language ............................................................................................... 37

4.3.1 Dressing Style .......................................................................................... 37

4.3.2 Personal Effects ........................................................................................38

4.4 Environmental Language .................................................................................. 39

4.4.1 Time Allocation ........................................................................................40

4.4.2 Seating Arrangement ................................................................................41

4.4.3 Proxemics .................................................................................................44

Chapter Five Conclusion ..............................................................................................46

5.1 Brief Summary of the Findings .........................................................................46

5.2 Limitations of the Present Study .......................................................................47

Bibliography ................................................................................................................... 48

Appendixes I ................................................................................................................... 51

Appendix II ……………………………………………………………………………55

在读期间公开发表的论文…………………………………………………………….57

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摘要：

iiABSTRACTHumancommunicationcanbedividedintotwokinds:verbalcommunication(VC)andnonverbalcommunication(NVC).VCiscommonlyconsideredasthemostimportant,efficient,powerfulmeansofcommunicationinourdailylife.Byfar,manyresearcheshavebeendoneonVC.Astoitsspecialnon-verbalqualities,NVCdidn’treceiveitsdueattent...

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