我国地方政府土地财政问题研究

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3.0 李佳 2024-09-20 4 4 683.19KB 41 页 150积分
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硕士学位论文
IV
摘要
21 世纪以来,地方政府的土地财政问题逐渐被社会所关注,成为社会热点话
题,并受到新闻媒体的广泛报道。随着地方政府的土地出让收益规模的不断加大,
地方政府对土地财政的依赖越来越严重,并且会对我国经济社会的发展带来很多
弊端。我国目前正处于快速的城市化进程之中,对城市建设资金的需求量非常大,
如果目前这种地方政府过度依赖土地财政的情况继续持续下去,毫无疑问会引起
新一轮的“圈地热”,使得城市的无序扩张参加严重,阻碍我国城市经济的健康发
展。因此,怎样缓解我国地方政府对土地财政的依赖,并且能够保证地方政府有
足够的资金投入到城市化建设中来,是目前我国地方政府面临的一个重要问题。
1994 年分税制改革以后,地方政府出现了财政与事权不对称的问题,地方政
府由于面临财政收支缺口、地区间的竞争以及政绩显示的问题,不得不想方设法
追求 GDP 的增长来增加其财政收入以完成事权。而目前的有关土地的一系列法律
法规又为地方政府以地生财提供了方便,所谓的“土地财政”问题由此产生。本
文的研究内容如下:
首先,对土地财政的现状进行描述。对土地财政的一些指标的规模进行了估
算并且对 2009 年土地出让市场的最新情况进行了描述,根据这些数据,得出我国
的土地财政在地方政府财政总收入中所占比重过大,地方政府财政存在一定的财
政风险。
然后,对我国地方政府 “土地财政”模式的危害进行分析。首先描述了我国
土地财政可能难以为继的财政风险。然后,阐述了土地财政助长了土地粗放利用,
导致耕地被大量侵占,异化了城市化进程。最后,阐述了土地财政引发的诸多不
公问题,包括土地财政助长房价高企加大国民购房压力、土地收益分配不公损害
了农民利益以及土地资源利用的代际不公问题。
接着,对土地财政这种现象产生的原因进行了分析。分税制后地方政府财权
和事权不对称,“差钱”的地方政府通过房地产有关的税收和土地出让金分别来筹
集地方财政预算内外收入,土地财政是分税制改革后地方政府的理性行为。然后
还分析了土地财政产生的其他原因,包括土地管理制度的缺陷、完善的法律法规
制度的缺失、不健全的激励约束机制。
最后,文章提出了改变“土地财政”现状的一些建议。包括设计合理的激励
机制来约束地方政府的行为、对地方官员的政绩考核体系进行改良、完善财税制
度以合理划分财权和事权,将征收土地出让金改为征收物业税阻断地方政府卖地
机制等。
关键词土地财政;分税制改革;地方政府;土地出让金
硕士学位论文
V
ABSTRACT
The 21st century, land finance of local government increasingly concerned by the
societyand and has been widely reported in the media. As the scale of land revenue
continues to expand, land finance of local government triggered many shortcomings.
With the accelerated process of urbanization in China,some cities will be greater
demand for construction funds, if we can not change the current over-reliance on local
government fiscal situation of land, it is bound to cause a new round of "enclosure hot",
increase the city sprawl, and seriously hamper the sustainable development of China's
urban economy.Therefore, how to reduce local government fiscal dependence on land
and guatantee the local government having sufficient funds for urban construction is a
major problem that local governments in China are now facing.
After reform tax system in 1994 the local government faced the problem of
asymmetric powers.The local government forced the financial pressure, the area
between the pressure of competition and performance shows, the pursuit of GDP growth
to meet increasing revenue to complete the final say. The current series of laws and
regulations on land and make money for local governments to open the door to form a
so-called "land finance." This study are as follows:
First of all, the financial status of the land are described. Some of the indicators of
land the size of the financial were estimated and land market in 2009, the lates described,
based on these data and obtained the land of local government finance in the proportions
of total fiscal revenue is too large, the local government finance certain financial risks.
Secondly, "land finance" model of the hazard are analysised. First describes the
financial might of China's land unsustainable financial risk. Then, the land described
extensive use of fiscal contribute the land, resulting in a large number of arable land is
occupied, the process of alienation of the city. Finally, described the many injustices of
land caused by financial issues, including land finance contributed to the purchase of
high prices to increase pressure on the national, the unfair distribution of land revenue
harm the interests of farmers and land resource use intergenerational unfairness problem.
Then, the causes of this phenomenon is analyzed. After the local government tax
distribution asymmetry of financial authority and powers, "bad money" in local
government through the real estate and land transfer tax to raise the local budgets,
respectively, both inside and outside income, land reform the tax system after the
finance is the rational behavior of local governments. And then we analyzed the
硕士学位论文
VI
resulting land finance other reasons, including defects in the land management system, a
sound system of laws and regulations, lack of incentive and restraint mechanisms are
not perfect.
Finally, the paper proposes some opinions changing the "land finance" the current
situation. Including the performance evaluation system reform of local government
officials and reasonable division of property rights and powers, land transfer will be
charged to the collection of property tax.
Key words: Land Finance;Local Government;Tax system reform; Land transfer rent
摘要:

硕士学位论文IV摘要21世纪以来,地方政府的土地财政问题逐渐被社会所关注,成为社会热点话题,并受到新闻媒体的广泛报道。随着地方政府的土地出让收益规模的不断加大,地方政府对土地财政的依赖越来越严重,并且会对我国经济社会的发展带来很多弊端。我国目前正处于快速的城市化进程之中,对城市建设资金的需求量非常大,如果目前这种地方政府过度依赖土地财政的情况继续持续下去,毫无疑问会引起新一轮的“圈地热”,使得城市的无序扩张参加严重,阻碍我国城市经济的健康发展。因此,怎样缓解我国地方政府对土地财政的依赖,并且能够保证地方政府有足够的资金投入到城市化建设中来,是目前我国地方政府面临的一个重要问题。1994年分税制...

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作者:李佳 分类:高等教育资料 价格:150积分 属性:41 页 大小:683.19KB 格式:PDF 时间:2024-09-20

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