外汇结构性存款定价的蒙特卡罗方法及其应用研究

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浙江财经学院硕士学位论文
I
摘要
外汇结构性存款在外汇资产保值增值、银行发展创新中间业务等方面具有重
要的作用,近年来在我国发展速度非常迅猛。但是,随着美国次贷危机的爆发,
许多外汇结构性存款因其联动货币利率的不利变化,不但难以实现预期收益,
且由于汇率变动而可能导致本金的损失。同时,与国外银行相比,我国银行在外
汇结构性存款业务中往往是作为经销商的角色出现,即便是自行开发的产品也大
都雷同,在未来的竞争中必将处于劣势处境。在理论定价方法研究方面,利用解
析解方法以及二叉树、有限差分方法等数值方法在考虑产品所具有的多次执行、
可提前赎回或回售特征以及标的Libor所包含的随机波动率过程等方面的计算过
程较为复杂。因此,利用蒙特卡罗模拟方法定价研究外汇结构性存款对于我国商
业银行在结构性产品的开发和风险管理等方面具有重要的理论与实际意义。
本文选用在结构上较为复杂的具有可提前赎回和回售特征的范围累积外汇
结构性存款作为定价研究对象,在将该产品作为多个利率衍生产品组合的基础之
上,得出各个部分的价值解析式,采用MCMC统计方法进行参数估计,同时利用改
进的最小二乘蒙特卡罗模拟技术进行定价分析,在敏感性分析原理的基础之上,
在深入探讨此类外汇结构性产品的定价方法的同时,向投资者和发行者双方提出
相应的对策建议。
首先,在以往的文献中,结构性存款的价值构成只是通过条款直接判定外汇
结构性存款的价值构成从而直接写出各部分的定价解析式。但是,本文利用金融
工程的分解原理,对该外汇结构性存款进行理论上的价值组成进行代数分析,得
出结论:该外汇结构性存款的价值是由一个到期零息债券价值、到期浮动收益部
分价值以及可提前赎回权或是回售权价值所决定的。
其次,在外汇结构性存款价值构成分析的基础上,对作为该外汇结构性存款
标的物Libor利率的特性进行分析,在利用市场产品的价格以及历史数据基础之
上,将市场信息、历史信息以及建模者的主观意识加入到该模型的中去,利用
Black逆推公式以及MCMC方法对模型参数进行校正和估计分析。之后,将加入随
机波动率与未加入跳跃的利率模型误差进行比较,从数据比较上得出:基于随机
波动率过程的Libor市场模型对于拟合现实数据的更具真实性,从而使得利率衍
生产品定价的更具合理性。
第三,本文研究了基于随机波动率过程的利率外汇结构性存款的蒙特卡罗模
拟定价模型及其改进的定价方法,结合产品本身内含的可提前赎回或回售特征的
百慕大式期权的最优执行策略理论,对民生银行“民生财富”外汇理财二期C计
划——具有提前赎回特征的范围累积外汇结构性存款进行定价分析,得出结论:
浙江财经学院硕士学位论文
II
基于改进的最小二乘蒙特卡罗定价方法与普通最小二乘蒙特卡罗方法相比,所得
结果更接近于实际利率下所求理论价值。并将该改进方法运用到2009年7月14日
法国兴业银行在我国内地发行的三年期美元三个月伦敦银行间同业拆借利率挂
钩结构性存款的定价过程中去,基于模拟利率走低的考虑,通过计算得到的理论
价值高于其发行价值,这与实际情况相符:发行银行在第一次可执行点即终止该
产品。
最后,在上述外汇结构性存款的定价方法的基础之上,本文选择期初远期利
率、局部波动率及随机波动率的波动率三个参数对上述外汇结构性存款进行敏感
性分析,计算分析模型内上述各参数变化对于该产品理论价值的影响以及模型参
数和产品价值定价之间的相互关系,得出以下结论:一方面,基于参数变化价值
变动并不明显的情况表明本文所采用的模型具有一定的稳定性和实际实用性;
一方面,投资者和发行者需要根据不同的市场环境下的参数变化采取不同的投资
策略。
通过分析国内外结构性存款的理论研究与实证定价模拟技术,本论文可以得
出以下结论:首先,外汇结构性存款内在价值构成的合理分解是准确定价的必然
要求;其次,基于随机波动率过程的Libor利率模型可以更好地描述Libor利率行
为,表现出更优良的精确性;再者,通过改进的最小二乘蒙特卡罗模拟对外汇结
构性存款进行定价可以得到更为精确的结果。最后,基于以参数变化为代表的未
来金融市场变动对于外汇结构性存款的价值具有重大的影响,这为投资者与发行
者在外汇结构性存款交易中提供了重要的投资行为决策依据。
关键词:外汇结构性存款;Libor市场模型;随机波动率;LSMC
浙江财经学院硕士学位论文
III
ABSTRACT
In those years, FX structured deposits play the important role in
inflation-proofing and appreciations of FX, the development of the the Banks’ middle
services and so on. Then, the development speed of the FX structured is swift and
violent. But, along with American loan crisis’s eruption, because of the disadvantage
changes of the linkage currency interest rate, many FX structured deposits can not
realize the expected income and cause the capital crisis. Simultaneously, compared
with the overseas bank, the domestic banks play the dealer’s role in the business of
the FX structured deposits. The own designed deposits are almost identical among the
domestic banks. So, the domestic banks have been in the inferiority situation in the
competition with the foreign banks in the future. In the research of the theory pricing
method, the computation process is more complex considering the stop of the deposits
in many times and the redeem ahead of time and the Libor market model under
stochastic volatility process when we use the analytic solution, the binomial tree
method, the finite difference methods and so on. Therefore, the monte carlo method
have the important theoretic and practical significance in the pricing and the risk
management in the FX structured deposits.
In this dissertation, we use the arranged accumulated FX structured deposits with
the character of the redeemed ahead of time as the pricing research objects. We
decompose these products into the combination of the interest derivative products and
we get those analysis formulas. Then, we use the MCMC method to estimate the
parameters in the Libor market model with stochastic volatility process and use the
improvement LSM to price this FX structured product. On the basis of the sensitive
analysis, we get the influence of the changing of the parameters to this product and
put forward the corresponding countermeasure proposal to the investors and the
publishers both sides of the FX structured products.
Firstly, in the former paper, the writers get the value constitutions of the FX
structured deposits through the contract provision and get the analysis formulas. But,
in this dissertation, we use the decomposition duplication principle to get the algebra
analysis formulas. We get the conclusion in this part: the value of the FX structured
products is decided by the value of the zero-rate bond, the floated-rate bond and the
option of redeems ahead of time.
Secondly, on the basis of the analysis value of the FX structured deposits; we
analyze the Libor market model with stochastic volatility process. On the basis of the
market price of the cap and swap rate and the historical data, we join the information
of the market, the historical data and the subjective idea into the model and use the
inverse the BS option formula to calibrate the local volatility. Then, we use the
MCMC method to estimate the parameters of the stochastic volatility process. Finally,
we compare the simulation results between the normal Libor market model and the
Libor market model with the Libor market model with the stochastic volatility process.
Then, we get the conclusions: the Libor market model with stochastic volatility is
much more fitting than the normal Libor market model. It makes the price of the
浙江财经学院硕士学位论文
IV
interest derivative product be more reasonable.
Thirdly, on the basis of the Libor rate simulation in the above part, we research
the improvement LSM method in the pricing the FX structured deposits. According
the character of the redeemed ahead of time, we get the optimal carrying out theory of
the Bermudan option. Then we get the price of the FX structured deposit with the
character of the arranged accumulated and redeems ahead of time which is writed by
China minsheng bank. From those, we get the conclusion: the pricing result of the
improvement LSM is much close with the result of real Libor rate using the LSM
under the optimal basis function than the pricing result of the common LSM under the
simulated Libor market model. Then, we use the combined methods to price the FX
structured deposits which is written by the Societe Generate. On the basis of
simulated Libor rate which will be low, we get the price that is bigger than the issuing
price. This is the same as the actual situation: The issuing banks terminate this product
in the first time.
Finally, on the basis of the pricing method above, we chose the Libor rate at the
issuing date, local volatility and the volatility in the stochastic volatility process to
make the sensitive analysis and computed the change of the price of the FX structured
deposits along with the change of these parameters. Then, we can get the conclusions:
on the one hand, from not obvious change of the value of the product, we believe the
model has certain stability and the actual usability. On the other hand, we think the
investors and the publishers need to adopt the different investment strategy according
to the different market environment which represent the change of the parameters.
According to the pricing theory of the FX structured deposits in the domestic and
foreign country and the empirical simulating technology, in this dissertation, we can
get those conclusions: the first, the intrinsic value constitution’s reasonable
decomposition of the FX structured deposits is requested inevitably for the accurate
pricing. The second, the Libor market model with the stochastic volatility process can
describe the Libor rate very well and display a finer accuracy. The third, the
improvement LSM can get the much more precise result. Based on the parameters
variation which represent the change of the financial market in the future, this result
from the sensitive analysis can provide the important investment advice in the FX
structured products business between the investors and issuers.
Key words: FX structured deposits; Libor market model; Stochastic volatility; LSMC
浙江财经学院硕士学位论文
V
目录
第一章 导论..................................................................................................................................... 1
第一节 研究背景和意义......................................................................................................... 1
第二节 国内外相关研究评述................................................................................................. 3
第三节 本文的研究框架以及创新点................................................................................... 13
第二章 外汇结构性存款定价的基本理论分析........................................................................... 16
第一节 引言........................................................................................................................... 16
第二节 价值确定的基本要素............................................................................................... 16
第三节 基本价值构成分析................................................................................................... 20
第四节 债券部分的定价理论与方法................................................................................... 25
第五节 可提前赎回权和可提前回售权部分的定价理论与方法....................................... 26
第六节 本章小结................................................................................................................... 32
第三章 基于 SV 过程的 Libor 市场模型的参数估计................................................................. 33
第一节 引言........................................................................................................................... 33
第二节 利率模型选择........................................................................................................... 33
第三节 模型参数的校正和估计........................................................................................... 35
第四节 模型参数实证分析................................................................................................... 43
第五节 本章小结................................................................................................................... 53
第四章 范围累积外汇结构性存款定价分析............................................................................... 55
第一节 引言........................................................................................................................... 55
第二节 定价过程的理论分析............................................................................................... 55
第三节 定价实证分析........................................................................................................... 62
第四节 本章小结................................................................................................................... 72
第五章 外汇结构性存款的敏感性分析....................................................................................... 73
第一节 引言........................................................................................................................... 73
第二节 各参数敏感性分析................................................................................................... 73
第三节 基于敏感性分析的对策建议................................................................................... 79
第四节 本章小结................................................................................................................... 80
第六章 结论与展望....................................................................................................................... 81
第一节 研究结论................................................................................................................... 81
第二节 研究展望................................................................................................................... 82
参考文献......................................................................................................................................... 83
附录................................................................................................................................................. 87
致谢................................................................................................................................................. 94
浙江财经学院硕士学位论文
1
第一章 导论
第一节 研究背景和意义
一、研究背景
外汇结构性存款作为结构性产品的主要组成部分,其将固定收益的普通外汇
存款和金融衍生产品(主要是各类期权)结合起来,使投资者收益与利率、汇率、
指数、大宗商品等指标的走势联动,在承担一定市场风险的同时,获得比普通外
汇存款更高的收益。
2004年之后,伴随着金融市场市场化改革压力的增大和同业竞争激烈程度的
加剧,各大行纷纷加大金融产品创新力度,同时随着人民银行放开大额外汇结构
性存款的上限以及外汇结构性存款本金金额的减少,使得该类产品在我国迅速发
展。但是,外汇结构性存款和普通外汇存款有着本质的区别,如何对该类产品内
部所包含的复杂产品结构和附加条款进行准确的分析,不管是发行者的定价以及
风险管理能力还是投资者的风险识别投资能力,都同样面临着严峻的挑战。同时,
美国次贷危机的爆发使得许多外汇结构性存款因其联动货币利率的不利变化,不
但难以实现预期收益,而且由于汇率变动而导致本金的损失。根据西南财大信托
和理财研究所披露的数据显示,2009年前四个月有90款到期的银行理财产品遭遇
零负收益,其中结构性理财产品是重灾区,以三月份为例,就有16款零收益、2
款负收益。在我国经济对外开放日益加深的大背景下,如此大范围的产品亏损现
象对于投资者而言是外汇财富的一种吞噬,同时对于以理财专家自居的产品发行
银行也造成了极大的负面影响,从而使得金融创新停滞不前,在与外国金融机构
机构竞争中将明显处于劣势状态。
那么到底外汇结构性存款是怎样的价值构成?它的风险和价值如何衡量?
从定价的技术水平上,作为发行方的国内银行如何面对国外银行的竞争压力?对
于这些问题进行深入而具体的研究,不仅可以为该产品投资者提供投资参考,提
高收益降低风险,而且对促进整个理财产品市场的理性有序发展具有十分重要理
论与实践意义。
二、理论意义
对于外汇结构性存款定价,主要分为三个步骤:首先利用金融工程原理的组
合分解技术分析该类产品的价值构成;然后分析判断标的变量所服从的随机过程
并进行参数的校正和估计;最后利用合理定价方法对产品的各个部分价值进行准
确求解。
首先,对于外汇结构性存款的价值构成的分析说明,以往的文章往往是很粗
摘要:

浙江财经学院硕士学位论文I摘要外汇结构性存款在外汇资产保值增值、银行发展创新中间业务等方面具有重要的作用,近年来在我国发展速度非常迅猛。但是,随着美国次贷危机的爆发,许多外汇结构性存款因其联动货币利率的不利变化,不但难以实现预期收益,而且由于汇率变动而可能导致本金的损失。同时,与国外银行相比,我国银行在外汇结构性存款业务中往往是作为经销商的角色出现,即便是自行开发的产品也大都雷同,在未来的竞争中必将处于劣势处境。在理论定价方法研究方面,利用解析解方法以及二叉树、有限差分方法等数值方法在考虑产品所具有的多次执行、可提前赎回或回售特征以及标的Libor所包含的随机波动率过程等方面的计算过程较为复杂...

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