跳扩散模型的局部风险最小指数跟踪方法研究

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3.0 李佳 2024-09-20 4 4 554.35KB 60 页 150积分
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浙江财经学院硕士学位论文
I
摘要
指数化投资以获得某一特定市场的基准回报为目的,是一种被动式投资,
投资者试图复制某一证券价格指数或者按照证券价格指数的编制原理构建投资组
合而进行的证券投资。它的收益水平是基准指数的变化幅度。指数化投资的迅速
发展从理论上因归功于现代投资理论的蓬勃发展,它强调数量方法在投资管理中
的应用,并要求在此基础上研究和理解投资问题。市场数据表明,指数化投资在
长期回报上优于主动式投资。在一个较长的时间段里,指数化投资组合的累计收
益不仅高于市场平均水平,更优于大部分主动管理的投资组合。而且指数化投资
相对于主动式投资明显有更低廉的管理费用,因而投资于指数基金便成为大部分
机构和个人投资者拥有普通股的绝佳方式。对指数化产品的巨大需求也刺激了指
数化投资更加快速地发展壮大。基于此,本文旨在对于指数化投资的基本技术
指数跟踪技术进行研究,以有效市场理论和现代组合投资理论为基础,应用金融
资产的无套利定价方法和套期保值理论,在现有指数跟踪方法的基础之上,研究
新的指数跟踪方法。论文的基本思想和主要内容如下
根据 Black Scholes 提出的期权定价的基本思想,完全金融市场条件下对未
定权的套期保值和定价问题可以归结为:利用基础证券构造动态的自融资交易策
略,使其期末价值等于未定权的到期支付。那么交易策略的期初投入就是未定权
在零时刻的价格,而动态交易策略就构成了未定权的套期保值策略。当市场不完
全时,可以放松自融资条件,而寻找风险最小的交易策略,即风险最小套期保值
策略。这一思想可以与指数跟踪技术相联系。指数跟踪通过购买部分或者全部基
准指数的成分证券构造投资组合,目的是复制指数的收益率。如果将基准指数的
价格过程看成是一个未定权,而将跟踪组合看成是一个交易策略,那么指数跟踪
过程也可以看作是一个套期保值过程,因此利用风险最小套期保值策略来构造指
数跟踪的投资组合是一个可行的方法。这一方法首先由 Colwell,Nadima Kwon
2007 年引入,他们在标的资产价格是连续扩散过程的条件下给出了基准指数的
局部风险最小套期保值策略,然而研究表明连续扩散过程难以准确描述股票价格
的变动,因此本文将在标的资产价格为跳扩散的情形下推导随机过程的局部风险
最小套期保值策略,并将结果应用于指数跟踪,给出基于局部风险最小的指数跟
国家自然科学基金项目资助:
项目名称:期权组合非线性 VaR 度量模型及数值方法研究
基金编号:70771099G0115
浙江财经学院硕士学位论文
II
踪组合的构造准则。
为了得出局部风险最小指数跟踪策略,本文首先引入一维标的资产的未定权
的风险最小套期保值和局部风险最小套期保值理论,给出了风险的定义,在一系
列假设条件下给出了风险最小以及局部风险最小交易策略的表达式,而后在此基
础上将理论拓展到多维标的资产未定权的局部风险最小套期保值问题。然后,由
于股票价格指数实质上是一个随机过程,而且股票价格的跳扩散过程是更为一般
的情形,因此在跳扩散过程下对随机过程的局部风险最小套期保值方法进行了阐
述,给出了基准指数具有局部风险最小套期保值策略的充分必要条件,并推导出
了策略的表达式。在此基础上,建立了局部风险最小指数跟踪策略和跟踪误差方
差最小指数跟踪策略的联系,特别地,证明了跟踪误差方差最小策略是局部风险
最小策略的充分必要条件是跟踪误差方差最小策略是无偏的。最后,利用局部风
险最小套期保值策略的基本原理,类似于在险价值(Value-at-Risk),给出了一个跟
踪组合资产选择的简单准则,即风险成本(Cost-at-Risk)最小准则。对我国证券市场
的指数跟踪实践进行实证分析显示,利用该准则选择跟踪组合具有实际效果。
关键词 指数跟踪;局部风险最小;跳扩散模型;跟踪误差;风险成本
浙江财经学院硕士学位论文
III
ABSTRACT
Index investment is a kind of investment behavior which aims to get a particular
market benchmark return. The rapid development of Index investment is mainly due to
the flourish of modern portfolio investment theory which emphasizes the application of
quantitative method in the portfolio management and requires studying and
understanding the investment issues based on it. Historical market data also shows that
the long-term yield of index investment is superior to the active investment. Particularly,
the management fees of index investment are much cheaper than that of the active
investment. So investing in index funds has become a popular way for the individual
investors and institutional investors. The great demand of the index products also
stimulates the index investment to further development. For the sake of that, this article
mainly studies the major technology of index investment-index tracking. By taking
market efficiency hypotheses and modern portfolio theory as the basic theory, and
applies the approach of no arbitrage pricing and hedging theory, we attempt to get a new
approach of index tracking on the basis of existing methods. The major ideas and
contents of this paper as follows.
According to the basic idea of Black and Scholes option pricing model, in
completely financial market conditions, one can construct a dynamic self-finance
trading strategy with the underlying Securities for hedging and pricing a contingent
claim. If the final value of the strategy equals to the payment due of the contingent
claim, then the initial investment of the trading strategy is the price of the contingent
claim at time zero, and the dynamic trading strategy is the hedging strategy of the
contingent claim. When the financial market is incompletely, we can release the
assumption of self-finance and find a risk-minimization trading strategy. This idea can
be applied in the index tracking. If see the benchmark index as a contingent claim and
the tracking portfolio as a trading strategy, then the process of index tracking can be
seen as a hedging of an index. So we can use the theory of risk-minimization hedging to
solve the problem of index tracing. Local risk-minimization hedging is a further
development of risk-minimization and we try to get a local risk-minimization index
tracking strategy in this paper. The main structure of this paper is as follows.
We firstly introduce the theory of risk-minimization hedging and local
risk-minimization hedging when the underlying assets of the contingent claim are
浙江财经学院硕士学位论文
IV
one-dimensional in chapter 3, give the definition of risk and get the formula of
risk-minimization hedging strategy and local risk-minimization hedging strategy under
a series of assumptions. In this chapter, we also get the formula of local
risk-minimization strategy when the underlying assets of the contingent claim are
multi-dimensional. In chapter 4, a necessary and sufficient condition is given for
hedging a jump process using a local risk-minimization trading strategy and the result is
applied in the problem of index tracking. Particularly, a close link between the locally
risk-minimizing and tracking error variance minimizing strategies for index tracking is
established and leads to a simple criterion for the selection of optimal set of assets from
which to form a tracker portfolio. In analogy with the notion of value-at-risk(VaR), we
define the cost-at-risk(CaR). And an improved criterion for the optimal set of assets for
forming tracker portfolios is established. In the final chapter, an empirical analysis
shows that forming tracker portfolios with the criterion of CaR minimizing is effective.
Keywords Index tracking; local risk-minimization; jump-diffusion model; tracking
error; cost-at-risk
摘要:

浙江财经学院硕士学位论文I摘要①指数化投资以获得某一特定市场的基准回报为目的,是一种被动式投资,即投资者试图复制某一证券价格指数或者按照证券价格指数的编制原理构建投资组合而进行的证券投资。它的收益水平是基准指数的变化幅度。指数化投资的迅速发展从理论上因归功于现代投资理论的蓬勃发展,它强调数量方法在投资管理中的应用,并要求在此基础上研究和理解投资问题。市场数据表明,指数化投资在长期回报上优于主动式投资。在一个较长的时间段里,指数化投资组合的累计收益不仅高于市场平均水平,更优于大部分主动管理的投资组合。而且指数化投资相对于主动式投资明显有更低廉的管理费用,因而投资于指数基金便成为大部分机构和个人投...

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作者:李佳 分类:高等教育资料 价格:150积分 属性:60 页 大小:554.35KB 格式:PDF 时间:2024-09-20

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