税收筹划法律风险管理研究

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3.0 李佳 2024-09-20 4 4 580.06KB 53 页 150积分
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硕士学位论文
摘 要
我国税收筹划在目前无论是理论还是实践均处于起步阶段。在税收筹划有关
的理论和观念方面分歧远远多于共识。这无疑将不利于纳税人和税务机关正确对
待税收筹划:既导致许多避税策划甚至是偷逃税的手段被冠之以税收筹划,也给
税务机关在实践中抵制纳税人的税收筹划授以口实。这在税务行政刚性约束增强
背景下无疑放大纳税人的税收筹划法律风险。理论和观念的粗糙反映到税务筹划
的现实,便是我国企业目前普遍还没有建立起有效税收筹划法律风险管理体系,
尤其是中小企业甚至还未树立起相应的风险管理意识,往往疲于事后被动应付。
部分企业即使一定程度上架构了税收筹划风险管理制度,但大都侧重财务报表目
标,而往往忽视合法性目标。因此,对税务筹划的理论体系有待深入研究;税收
筹划的实践做法有待改进。
笔者基于法律风险控制考量,将税收筹划界定为纳税人在遵守并尊重税收相
关法律规定及其意旨的前提下,对拟进行的涉税事宜做出符合税负合理化减免的
节税行为。在税收筹划概念界定的基础上,重点分析了税收筹划的合法性特征:
税收筹划合法性是既符合税收法律的明文规定,又符合税收立法意旨和税收法治
原理。此外,对税收筹划与避税、偷逃税进行了区分以期廓清当前有关税收筹划
的模糊甚至错误的观念,从而有助于纳税人树立正确的税收筹划观念,降低税收
筹划法律风险。
纳税人在税收筹划合法性的实现过程中仍因主客观因素而面临风险。笔者在
借鉴一般风险理论的基础上,对税收筹划法律风险概念、类型和成因进行了系统
阐述,认为:税收筹划法律风险主要源于税收筹划方案所选择的法律不当及其变
动,以及税收筹划过程中相关主体的道德风险和过失。在此基础上,笔者对我国
有关税收筹划法律风险管理的法律规定和我国企业税收筹划法律风险管理的现
状进行了梳理和一般描述。
在借鉴风险管理理论和公司治理理论的基础上,结合我国税收筹划法律风险
管理现状,提出我国企业纳税人应对税收筹划法律风险的思路和对策至少应包
括:
其一、我国企业纳税人首先要树立合法性节税观念,且在选择税收筹划作为
自身节税策略的同时对税收筹划合法性实现过程具有充分的法律风险意识。
其二、我国企业纳税人应认真识别自身税收筹划过程中所面临的法律风险来
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硕士学位论文
源,并科学评估风险因素的影响和意义,以为构建税收筹划法律风险管理制度和
方法奠定基础。
其三、我国企业纳税人应将税收筹划法律风险进行类型化,并据情决定选择
法律风险管理对策,即是选择风险回避还是风险转移,抑或风险自由。其中,
要强调的是,企业纳税人应充分利用法律风险转移策略,发挥税务代理中介机构
的专业优势的同时通过设定税务代理合同条款,将税务代理人人的道德风险和过
失风险纳入可控范围。而对于风险回避和风险自留上的选择,应综合所面临的风
险状况和自身风险管理能力而定。
其四、我国企业纳税人应从完善公司治理结构角度,建立税收筹划法律风险
管理体系,即从组织架构和运行机制两方面。具体而言,公司治理制度既要将税
收筹划法律风险管理的权责进行明细分工,又要确保税收筹划法律风险的信息能
够被发掘、并有效地在企业内部诸风险管理部门传递。需要说明的是,税收筹划
法律风险管理体系的建构应根据自身情况度身量制,既要满足法律风险管理需
要,又要考虑公司治理现状和体系建构成本。
关键词:税收筹划;法律风险;风险管理;公司治理
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硕士学位论文
ABSTRACT
At present, the theory and practice about tax planning are both at the initial stage in
our China. So the difference in the theory and concepts about tax planning are far
more than its consistency, which undoubtedly leads to both taxpayers and tax
authorities have no improper treatment of tax planning: many of strategies and
methods of tax avoidance or tax evasion have been taken into practice in the name of
tax planning; tax planning in the practice receives the resistance and boycotting from
tax authorities. Correspondingly, the effective system of legal risk management of tax
planning(Hereinafter referred to as SLRM) has not been generally established, or even
the ideas about risk management has not been accepted by small and medium
enterprises, which always have to struggle to cope with the risk of accidents after they
have come into truth. Even if established by some enterprises, the SLRM is always
designed to financial risk rather than legal risk.
Based on consideration of risk prevention and control, tax planning is defined as a
strategy and tactics of tax savings that on the premise of comply with and respect tax
laws and its intensions and purposes, taxpayers arrange their business standards by the
rationalization of the tax burden. What’s more, legitimacy and legality are taken as
typical and prominent characters. However, taxpayers still face legal risks during the
implementation process of tax planning. Based on the theory of risk management and
corporate governance, the Ideas and Strategies about SLRM should include but not be
limited to the followings:
. The ideas of legal tax savings and legal risk management, namely, taxpayers
should take tax planning rather than tax avoidance or tax evasion as optimal choice of
tax-savings strategies.
. Scientific risk assessment, Meaningly, taxpayers should identify risk resources
and evaluate their effects and meaningswhich will offer the basis of personalized
SLRM.
. Personalize methods coping with legal risks: risk aversion, risk retention or risk
transfer (risk deflection), which depends on the risks themselves and taxpayers’ risk
management. What be emphasized is that taxpayers should make full use of the
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硕士学位论文
professional advantage of tax agents, and also prevent moral hazard and negligence
from the taxpayers, when the risk transfer is taken into practice.
Keywords: Tax Planning; Legal Risk; Risk Management; Corporate Governance
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摘要:

硕士学位论文摘要我国税收筹划在目前无论是理论还是实践均处于起步阶段。在税收筹划有关的理论和观念方面分歧远远多于共识。这无疑将不利于纳税人和税务机关正确对待税收筹划:既导致许多避税策划甚至是偷逃税的手段被冠之以税收筹划,也给税务机关在实践中抵制纳税人的税收筹划授以口实。这在税务行政刚性约束增强背景下无疑放大纳税人的税收筹划法律风险。理论和观念的粗糙反映到税务筹划的现实,便是我国企业目前普遍还没有建立起有效税收筹划法律风险管理体系,尤其是中小企业甚至还未树立起相应的风险管理意识,往往疲于事后被动应付。部分企业即使一定程度上架构了税收筹划风险管理制度,但大都侧重财务报表目标,而往往忽视合法性目标。因...

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作者:李佳 分类:高等教育资料 价格:150积分 属性:53 页 大小:580.06KB 格式:PDF 时间:2024-09-20

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