基于非相干光反馈表面轮廓测量系统
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摘 要
光反馈效应已广泛应用于外腔激光器中,其在压窄激光器谱线方面已经取得
了很好的效果,并且基于光反馈效应的测量技术正越来越受到研究人员的关注。
由于基于光反馈效应的测量系统具有体积小、结构紧凑、成本低廉等优势,其应
用于实际测量中的研究变得非常重要。鉴于此,本文针对基于半导体激光器非相
干光反馈进行表面轮廓测量系统的理论与实验进行了深入的研究,并得到了一些
实验成果。
对光反馈效应以及基于光反馈效应的表面轮廓测量系统进行仿真分析,对不
同参数情况下的实验系统进行比较和分析。通过几何光学的方法分析其测量原理,
计算样品离焦量与反馈光斑大小的关系,运用半导体激光器光反馈原理进行计算,
通过检测激光器的反馈光斑耦合强度的变化来得到样品表面离焦量的变化,并通
过计算建立起了两者之间的关系。研究结果表明,系统具有高灵敏度、高分辨率
等特点,证明该方法应用于表面轮廓测量的可行性,并且对实验参数进行优化。
搭建实验系统,对各个实验器件进行分析与校正,在可行的情况下,尽量减
小系统误差与随机误差。先使用平面镜代替样品测量,进行光路校正,并得到与
理论分析相一致的结论,然后对样品进行测量实验,通过对硬币表面的二维扫描,
得到硬币表面的三维信息,并且输出扫描图像。实验结果验证了理论分析与仿真
分析的正确性,对基于光反馈效应应用在实际测量装置上的可行性进行了论证,
并且提出了改进方案。
关键字:光反馈 表面轮廓测量 非接触测量系统 三维扫描成像
ABSTRACT
Optical feedback effect has been widely applied in external cavity lasers, and its
narrowing of laser spectrum has been achieved very good results. Based on optical
feedback effect of measurement technology is increasingly being recognized
researcher's attention. Based on optical feedback effects, measurement systems have
strong points of small size, compact structure and low cost advantages. Optical
feedback applied to the actual measurement in the study becomes very important.
Through the establishment of the external cavity transforming into two-mirror model,
we analyze the formation of self-feedback causes and results. Discussed from a
theoretical point of internal self-feedback lasers causing the carriers and photons’
change, and explained the phenomenon of the laser spectral being narrowed.
Surface profile measurement system based on self-feedback effects was
established.In the view of geometrical optics, we analyzed the measurement principles.
By detecting changes of feedback laser spot’s coupling strength,we got the sample
surface changes in the amount of defocus, and established relationship between the two
by calculating.
We simulated and analyzed the self-feedback effect and the surface profile
measuring system based on the self-feedback effect. Compared and analyzed
experimental system with different parameters. The results show that system has high
sensitivity and resolving power. The theory used in this experiment proved the
feasibility of the system and select the appropriate parameters of the experiment.
Built the experimental platform and analyzed and corrected the experimental
device. In the case of possible,minimize systematic errors and random errors.Doing the
experimental operation, through the two-dimensional surface scanning coins,obtain the
surface of three-dimensional information of the coin and output the scanned image. The
experimental results verify the theoretical analysis and simulation analysis’s correctness.
Self-feedback effects based on the actual measurement device used in the feasibility of
the demonstration,and improved scheme proposed.
Keyword: Self-feedback, Surface profile measurement,
Non-contact measuring system, Three-dimensional scanning imaging
目 录
中文摘要
ABSTRACT
第一章 绪论 ·······················································································1
§1.1 课题研究的来源和意义 ······························································1
§1.2 光反馈测量系统的研究进展 ························································2
§1.3 本课题研究内容 ······································································· 4
第二章 半导体激光器光反馈理论 ··························································· 5
§2.1 引言 ······················································································ 5
§2.2 激光器的工作原理 ····································································5
§2.3 半导体激光光反馈理论分析 ························································8
§2.4 光反馈效应对半导体激光器线宽的影响 ······································· 11
第三章 轮廓测量理论研究 ··································································· 13
§3.1 引言 ·····················································································13
§3.2 外腔反馈光对半导体激光器线宽的影响 ······································· 13
§3.3 光反馈作用下的激光器输出特性 ················································ 14
§3.4 测量系统仿真分析 ·································································· 18
§3.5 不同散射平面的偏移量曲线 ······················································ 22
第四章 半导体激光器光反馈测量实验系统 ··············································24
§4.1 引言 ·····················································································24
§4.2 光学系统 ·············································································· 24
§4.3 温度控制系统 ········································································ 26
§4.4 步进电机位移驱动系统 ···························································· 31
§4.5 激光器驱动电路 ····································································· 32
§4.6 数据信号采集系统 ·································································· 33
第五章 测量系统实验分析 ··································································· 36
§5.1 引言 ·····················································································36
§5.2 焦点附近微小偏移量对系统输出的影响 ······································· 36
§5.3 对实际样品进行二维扫描 ························································· 39
第六章 结论与展望 ············································································ 42
参考文献 ··························································································· 44
在读期间公开发表的论文和承担科研项目及取得成果 ··································47
致谢 ································································································· 48
第一章绪论
1
第一章 绪论
§1.1 课题研究的来源和意义
激光反馈效应是指在激光应用系统中激光器输出光被外部物体反射或散射
后,其中一部分光反馈回激光器谐振腔,如:光探测器表面的光反射,光学非线
性效应的背向散射光等[1,2],反馈光场与腔内光场相互作用后,引起激光器的输出
功率变化的现象。基于激光反馈的自混合干涉仪与传统的干涉仪相比具有相同的
相位灵敏度,但因结构简单、紧凑、易准直,同时自混合干涉仪不依赖于激光器
类型,能工作在粗糙的表面,能够对目标靶的运动方向进行识别,所以在很多场
合可以代替传统干涉仪[3]。国内外研究人员围绕激光自反馈展开了大量的研究,为
深入了解自混合干涉现象的原理,人们在丰富的实验现象研究的基础上提出了相
应的理论模型[4~7],对各类现象进行了分析和解释。目前激光自混合干涉已经广泛
应用于位移测量[8~10]、速度测量[11~13]、振动测量[14~17]、距离测量[18~20]、角度测量[21]、
形貌测量[22~25]及其它方面的一些应用。
自微电子技术问世以来,人们不断追求越来越小的微型结构,对生物、环境
控制、医学、航天、灵巧武器、先进信息传感器以及数字通信等领域也提出微型
方面更高更新的要求。
当前,微米/纳米测量技术在国际上已崭露头角,它使人类在改造自然方面进
入了一个新的层次。正像产业革命、抗菌素、核能以及微电子技术的出现和应用
所产生的巨大影响一样,微米/纳米技术将开发物质潜在的信息和结构潜力,使单
位体积物质储存的处理信息的能力实现又一次飞跃。在信息、材料、生物、医疗
等方面致使人类认识和改造世界能力的重大突破,从而给国民经济和军事能力带
来深远的影响[26]。
20世纪
90年代以来,光学三维传感已逐渐成为当今国际上的热门研究课题之
一。美国、日本、德国、加拿大等国在该领域相继提出了许多新的测量原理和方
法,我国目前在这一领域也有了较大的研究进展。1994 年,国际光学学会以信息
光学为主题的年会上首次将光学三维传感列为信息、自动化、光学前沿七个主要
领域和方向之一。光学三维形貌测量是指用光学手段获取物体三维空间信息的方
法和技术,指获得物体表面三维形状信息的方法和技术,它已经成为人们认识客
观世界的重要手段。从一个或多个摄像系统获取的二维图像中确定一定距离上的
信息,形成三维面形数据,由于三维面形对结构光场的空间或时间限制,可以从
携带有三维面形信息的观察光场中解调得到三维数据。当从一个摄像系统获取的
基于非相干光反馈表面轮廓测量系统
2
二维图像中确定信息时,人们必须依赖对于物体形态、光照条件等的先验知识。
如果这些知识不完整,对距离的计算可能产生错觉。从两个或多个摄像系统获取
的不同视觉方向的二维图像中,通过相关或匹配等运算可以重建物体的三维面形,
当被测目标的结构信息过分简单或过分复杂,以及被测目标上各点反射率没有明
显差异时,这种计算复杂。
三维物体表面轮廓测量是获取物体形态特征的一种重要手段,在机器视觉、自
动加工、工业检测、产品质量控制等领域具有重要意义和广阔的应用前景。光学
非接触测量由于其高分辨率、无破坏、数据获取速度快等优点而被认为是最有前
途的三维形貌测量方法。三维物体表面形貌的测量,在机械制造领域又称作为逆
工程,在现代工业及实际生产中起着越来越重要的作用。随着三维物体表面形状
的非接触检测技术在科研、医学诊断、工程设计、刑事侦查现场痕迹分析、自动
在线检测、质量控制、机器人及许多生产过程中得到越来越广泛的应用,人们对
三维形貌测量的要求也越来越高。其应用领域也在不断扩大。
光学非接触测量是本世纪以来光学领域的前沿课题,而物体形貌测量是下一
步研究的目标,本课题希望能够通过相关研究提出一个实现非接触平面轮廓测量
的新方法。
本课题是上海市研究生创新基金项目:激光自混合干涉层析成像技术研究
(JWCXSL0802),以及上海市教委科研创新项目:基于光反馈效应的三维显微成
像与层析技术研究(09YZ223)。
§1.2 光反馈测量系统的研究进展
由于激光的反馈严重影响激光器输出特性,对于以激光器作为光源的应用系
统而言,起初研究人员关注的是如何消除光反馈对激光器造成的不利影响,如光
噪声[27]、谱线展宽[28、
29]和相干猝灭[30、
31]等等。但是随着研究的深入,
1963年King[32]
首次报道了由于光反馈效应导致的激光器功率的变化类似于传统的双光束干涉现
象。实验发现外部反射镜每移动半个光波波长的位移,激光功率变化一个条纹,
功率波动深度与传统双光束干涉系统相当。因此激光反馈也被称为自混合干涉[33、
34]。1968年Rudd[35]采用He-Ne激光器测试散射微粒的多普勒速度,得到激光器输出
功率与多普勒频移之间的关系,首次基于激光反馈效应进行了散射微粒速度的测
量。激光反馈现象及基于该现象的应用研究引起了国内外学者的浓厚兴趣,从此
研究人员从研究消除激光反馈转变到主动研究如何利用激光反馈。
自Bearden 提出恒定功率法建立了基于 He-Ne 激光器的激光反馈扫描共焦显
微镜以来,许多研究人员开展了基于激光反馈效应的显微镜成像研究[22]。Lu[24]等
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摘要光反馈效应已广泛应用于外腔激光器中,其在压窄激光器谱线方面已经取得了很好的效果,并且基于光反馈效应的测量技术正越来越受到研究人员的关注。由于基于光反馈效应的测量系统具有体积小、结构紧凑、成本低廉等优势,其应用于实际测量中的研究变得非常重要。鉴于此,本文针对基于半导体激光器非相干光反馈进行表面轮廓测量系统的理论与实验进行了深入的研究,并得到了一些实验成果。对光反馈效应以及基于光反馈效应的表面轮廓测量系统进行仿真分析,对不同参数情况下的实验系统进行比较和分析。通过几何光学的方法分析其测量原理,计算样品离焦量与反馈光斑大小的关系,运用半导体激光器光反馈原理进行计算,通过检测激光器的反馈光斑耦合强...
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作者:陈辉
分类:高等教育资料
价格:15积分
属性:50 页
大小:1.24MB
格式:PDF
时间:2024-11-19