论经济语篇中修辞的认知功能

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ABSTRCT

Rhetoric is an ancient but dynamic subject. Its theories are applied in various

areas, for instance, in analyzing speeches, explaining advertisements and so on. And

as the development of cognitive linguistics, some scholars discussed the cognitive

feature of rhetoric; however, there is little research on analyzing economic discourses

from the perspective of cognitive rhetoric, and most of which is restricted to studying

the metaphors in economic field rather than how the economic knowledge comes into

being. Therefore, this thesis makes some exploration, analyzing economic discourses

from the view of cognitive rhetoric, trying to find how the economists, with the help

of rhetoric, make their ideas justified and accepted, and how knowledge comes out

through the process.

After concisely describing the background of the severe condition of the

economic crisis, with the aim of better grasping the cognitive feature of rhetoric and

explaining the economic discourses, this thesis lays the theoretical foundation of the

study in the Western rhetoric, philosophy, and linguistics. After systematically

introducing important theories and then integrating them, this thesis investigates into

the cognitive feature of rhetoric, the characters of cognitive rhetoric and so on. Next it

reviews the outstanding fruits in the field of cognitive rhetoric.

In the main body of the thesis, the distinctions of economic discourses are

analyzed. In economic discourses there are numerous objective elements such as

numbers and tables, which is one of the reasons why economic discourses are

considered objective, accurate and serious. However, we can find that there are some

subjective elements, for example, the writer’s orientation and interest, behind those

objective ones, helping the audience to accept the writer’s beliefs, which are justified,

accepted and turned into knowledge in the rhetorical process. And then analyses are

made on typical economic discourses from different perspectives of cognitive rhetoric,

such as Toulmin’s model and the theory of identification, so as to find out how

economic knowledge comes out in rhetorical argument. This thesis also makes an

even deeper contrastive study on two articles about the economic crisis to further find

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out how different economists use rhetoric to make their beliefs accepted, justified and

turned into knowledge. In addition, a metaphor used in one of the two articles is

studied from various angles, such as Conceptual Blending Theory, theories of

traditional and new rhetoric. And the finding is that metaphor, as an important method

of rhetoric, can not only help people to know the economic world but also promote

the production of economic knowledge in the rhetorical process.

Through the analyses we can arrive at the conclusion that in economic discourses

economists generate knowledge through a rhetorical process. They skillfully use

rhetorical argument to make their beliefs justified and accepted; and economic

knowledge comes into being in the very rhetorical process.

I hope that the thesis can make some contribution to better grasping the cognitive

feature of rhetoric and the cognitive function of rhetoric in economic discourses.

Key Words: economic discourses, rhetoric, cognitive feature

摘要

时下世界经济形势依然严峻，人们对经济领域给予了前所未有的关注。

在此背景下，不少学者从不同角度对经济语篇进行了分析。修辞学是一门古

老而充满活力的学科，修辞理论被广泛运用，如用作分析演讲，广告语篇等；而

随着认知语言学的发展，也有学者论述了修辞的认知性。但是从认知修辞角度分

析经济语篇的研究很少，即使有也大都局限于探讨经济语篇中隐喻的作用,而没

有深入分析经济语篇中知识的产生过程。于是，本文进行了一些尝试和探索，从

认知修辞的角度探讨经济语篇，试图分析经济学家如何借助修辞使他们的观点被

确证、接受，成为知识。

本文首先概述了时代背景，即严重的经济危机。然后从西方修辞学，哲学认

识论和认知语言学几大理论系统出发，寻找出本研究的可能性和理论依据,并指

出研究的目的。接着回顾了国内外在认知修辞领域已有的重要研究成果。

系统地介绍并融合相关理论后，本文继而探讨了修辞的认知性、认知修辞的

特点等。本文的主体部分先分析了经济语篇的一些特点。经济语篇中往往含有大

量的数据、图表等客观元素以描述经济状况,而这也成为了人们认为经济语篇客

观,精确和严肃的原因。然而，客观的背后蕴含着主观的因素，即作者根据自己

的主观目的和兴趣选择客观论据以更好地支撑论点，其目的还是为了让读者接受

自己的观点，而这些观点在论证的过程中被确证，成为知识。而后本文从不同角

度,如图尔明模式、同一理论等,分析了几个典型且新颖的经济语篇，探讨经济学

家如何利用修辞论辩使其观点被确证和接受，即在经济语篇的修辞论辩过程中，

知识如何产生。

接着，本文对两篇内容相似的关于经济危机的文章进行了对比研究，深入分

析两位经济学家在经济语篇中如何巧妙运用修辞使自己的观点被认可，以及在此

过程中经济知识如何得到确证。本文也对其中一篇文章中的经济隐喻作了多方面

的分析。最为一种重要的修辞方法，在经济语篇中隐喻不仅帮助人们认知经济世

界，也在此过程中促进了经济知识的产生。

通过分析，本文得出了这样的结论：经济学家同时也是优秀的修辞者，他们

在经济语篇中巧妙地运用修辞使人们接受其观点。在修辞论辩的过程中，他们的

经济观点得以确证，成为知识。

本文深入探讨了修辞的认知性，并在此基础上对现在人们普遍关注的经济语

篇进行分析，希望能够对更好地理解修辞的认知性以及把握经济语篇中修辞的认

知功能起到一定的作用。

关键词: 经济语篇修辞认知

List of Figures

Fig. 3.1 Toulmin’s Model ……………………………………………………………16

Fig. 3.2 Toulmin’s Model with Additional Elements ………………………………..17

Fig. 3.3 Conceptual Blending Theory ……………………………………………….22

Fig. 4.1 Shanghai Stock Exchange Composite Index ……………………………….30

Fig. 4.2 Market Digest ………………………………………………………………30

Fig. 4.3 Top 10 by Volume in SH ……………………………………………………31

Fig. 4.4 Application 1 of Toulmin’s Model ………………………………………….35

Fig. 4.5 Application 2 of Toulmin’s Model ………………………………………….36

Fig. 4.6 Application of Identification ………………………………………………..37

Fig. 4.7 Application 3 of Toulmin’s Model ………………………………………….41

Fig. 4.8 Application of Conceptual Blending Theory ……………………………….51

Fig. 4.9 Conceptual Mapping ………………………………………………………..52

Contents

Acknowledgements……………………………………………………………….......ⅰ

ABSTRACT…………………………………………………………………………..ⅱ

摘要................................................................................................................................iv

Chapter One Introduction .................................................................................................... 1

§1.1 Research Background ...........................................................................................1

§1.2 Aim of the Study ...................................................................................................3

§1.3 Organization of the Thesis ....................................................................................4

Chapter Two Literature Review .......................................................................................... 5

§2.1 Research on Economic Discourses from Different Perspectives ......................... 5

§2.2 Pursuit for the Essence of Knowledge in Western Philosophy ............................ 6

§2.3 Research about Knowledge in Our Country .......................................................10

Chapter Three Theoretical Preliminaries ...........................................................................13

§3.1 About Rhetoric ................................................................................................... 13

§3.1.1 Enthymeme& Toulmin’s Model of Argument ..........................................14

§3.1.2 Burke’s New Rhetoric .............................................................................. 17

§3.2 Kuhn’s Paradigm ................................................................................................ 20

§3.3 Conceptual Blending Theory of Cognitive Linguistics ......................................22

§3.4 Justification of Knowledge .................................................................................23

§3.5 Study on the Process of Rhetoric from the Perspective of Cognition ................ 25

§3.5.1 The Cognitive Feature of Rhetoric ........................................................... 25

§3.5.2 Rhetoric Cognition and Its Distinctions ................................................... 27

Chapter Four Analysis on the Cognitive Function of Rhetoric in Economic Discourses . 29

§4.1 Some Characters of Economic Discourses .........................................................29

§4.2 Sample One: The Situation of China’s Trade Surplus in the Future .................. 33

§4.3 Sample Two: To Invest More in Education during the Economic Downturn .... 41

§4.4 A Contrastive Study on Two Articles about the Economic Crisis ...................... 44

§4.4.1 On the Article of KPMG .......................................................................... 44

§4.4.2 On the Article about Ernst &Young ......................................................... 48

§4.4.3 Similarities and Differences ..................................................................... 55

Chapter Five Conclusion ................................................................................................... 57

§5.1 A Brief Summary of the Study ........................................................................... 57

§5.2 Limitations and Implications ..............................................................................58

BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................................................................................. 60

在读期间公开发表的论文 ............................................................................................... 63

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摘要：

iiABSTRCTRhetoricisanancientbutdynamicsubject.Itstheoriesareappliedinvariousareas,forinstance,inanalyzingspeeches,explainingadvertisementsandsoon.Andasthedevelopmentofcognitivelinguistics,somescholarsdiscussedthecognitivefeatureofrhetoric;however,thereislittleresearchonanalyzingeconomicdiscoursesfro...

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