刻意曲解研究---关联理论视角

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Acknowledgements

I would like to express my gratitude firstly to Dr. Han Geling. As my supervisor,

she spent a lot of time on the drafts of this thesis. She also gave me a lot of valuable

pieces of advice. In the two-and-half year’s study in University of Shanghai for Science

and Technology, I learned a great deal from her.

Professor Rex Madsen does me a great favor in collecting the materials and cases

which are required in this study. He is very patient in advising on my thesis even when

he is pretty tight on schedule. I would sincerely express my gratitude to him.

I would also like to show my sincere respect to Dean Lv Le, Professor. Dai Weihua,

Professor Deng Zhiyong. I have also learned a lot in their lectures.

Ms. Jiang Hua, as my mentor, shows great enthusiasm in helping me in daily life,

which ensures my study to be carried out smoothly.

I would say thank you to my family for their support ever.

ABSTRACT

This study focuses on the study of DMI. The author has tried a new research point

- the perspective of relevance theory to explore the application of relevance theory in

DMI. DMI itself is a relatively common linguistic phenomenon, which is defined as

verbal communication. The hearer can deliberately distort or misinterpret the meaning

of the utterance. The study on DMI so far appears inadequate. The research in this area

is still at an early stage. Throughout the research results on DMI study, DMI is often

mentioned in the study of language use, when linguists are analyzing misunderstanding.

Many linguists believe that misinterpretation is the branch of misunderstanding. The

triggers and operating mechanisms of DMI and misunderstanding are basically

considered as the same things.

From the interpretation of DMI in relevance theory to the study of intentional

misunderstanding put forward by Tzanne, and even through the Yus Ramos’s studies,

the study of DMI is attracting the attention of linguists. As a new research point, the

research on DMI is separated from the study of misunderstanding. In China, the earlier

researchers like He Ziran, Ran Yongping and other scholars, studied the triggers and

operation mechanism of DMI. Generally, people are basically carrying out different

perspectives in DMI study. The study from the perspective of relevance theory is still

rare so far. The study of DMI phenomenon can widen linguistic research dimensions

and improve the levels of language teaching. It is also positive in enriching the output of

linguistic study.

During the writing process, the author has collected a large number of data from

DMI as well as the conversation corpus, and strives to be informative and powerful in

writing. For relevance theory, researchers are familiar to the basic principles and

theories. But for the link between relevance theory and research of DMI are not often

seen. In the course of the study, the author has found a lot of relation between the

relevance theory and DMI, which is specifically reflected in the thesis.

The first chapter of this article is about the motivation and significance of this

research. The author reviews articles in this section. The second chapter is mainly for

the difference and definitions between misunderstanding and DMI. In this section, the

author gives a brief introduction and analysis which associates with the development of

theory and research. At the same time many scholars and their studies are to be

introduced. The third chapter is focused on research associated with DMI. For a long

iii

time, there are many categories in the division of meanings including language use,

vague expression, pragmatic errors, and misinterpretations. Studies on pragmatic

vagueness and ambivalence are often seen. The study on DMI, however, is seldom seen.

This thesis attempts to explore DMI with the use of relevance theory. The fourth chapter

is the key of this thesis. By attempting many aspects, the links between relevance theory

and DMI are to be studied. At the same time, the author will attempt to present the

findings of DMI. The last chapter is the summary. The researches which should be

studies accordingly are also pointed out in this chapter.

Key words: DMI, relevance theory, functions of DMI, triggers of DMI

摘要

本文研究的对象是刻意曲解现象，同时作者尝试了一个新的研究角度——即

从关联理论的视角出发，探究关联理论在刻意曲解中的应用。刻意曲解本身是一

种比较常见的语言现象，是指在言语交际中听话人刻意歪曲或曲解言语意义的现

象。对刻意曲解的研究成果目前尚不多见，同时这方面的研究尚处于初始阶段。

纵观刻意曲解的研究成果，人们往往是在研究语用误解的时候，顺便讨论曲解现

象，很多人认为曲解就是误解的一个分支，其触发和运行机制也是基本相同的。

从关联理论里面对曲解的解释到后来的 Tzanne 对刻意误解的研究，再到 Yus

Ramos 等人的研究来看，曲解现象正在被越来越多的人重视，同时作为一个全新

的研究角度，曲解研究也从误解的分支中独立出来。在中国，对刻意曲解现象较

早的研究者当属何自然，冉永平等学者，在他们的著作中，他们从较新的角度解

释曲解现象的触发条件和运行机制。总结人们对曲解的研究，基本上是出于不同

的角度。从关联理论的角度研究尚不多见。研究这种语言现象对于拓宽语言学研

究维度，提高语言教学水平，丰富语言学研究成果等都有积极意义。

写作过程中，作者收集了大量的刻意曲解以及会话活动中的语料，力求做到

翔实，有力。对于关联理论来说，研究者对其基本的原理和理论较熟悉，但是对

于将关联理论和刻意曲解联系起来的理论和研究并不多。笔者在研究过程中发现

了很多二者之间的联系，并具体的体现在本文中，以期抛砖引玉。

本文的第一部分是有关本文的研究动机和意义，作者将在本部分综述文章的

主要内容和研究意义。

第二部分主要是对于关联理论的介绍和扩展。在本部分中，作者将简要的介

绍和分析多年来关联理论的发展脉络和研究方向。同时将包括许多知名学者的研

究成果，我们也会看到学者们对于关联理论所持有的不同意见。

第三部分是着眼于研究关联理论对刻意曲解的解释。长期以来，人们对意义

的研究存在许多的分类，这包括语用含糊、语用模糊、语用失误，语用曲解等。有

关语用含糊和模糊的研究较多，却鲜见语用曲解的文章见诸笔端。本文试图在此

方面探究一二。

第四部分是本文的重点。作者将从诸多方面研究曲解和关联理论的联系。同

时作者将试图对现有的问题和争论做出有益的探究，将推出自己的研究发现。

最后一部分是对全文的总结，并指出本文引出的可供研究的问题。

关键词：刻意曲解, 关联理论, 曲解的功能, 触发条件

Table of Contents

Acknowledgements································································i

ABSTRACT ·······································································ii

摘要·················································································· iii

Table of Contents·································································· iv

Chapter One Introduction..........................................................................1

1.1 Research background........................................................................ 1

1.2 Objective of the present research......................................................2

1.3 Research data of the present research............................................... 3

1.4 Structure of the thesis........................................................................4

Chapter Two Literature Review................................................................ 5

2.1 Previous study on Misunderstanding................................................5

2.1.1 Definition of misunderstanding................................................. 5

2.1.2 Introduction of misunderstanding..............................................6

2.1.3 Features of misunderstanding .................................................. 7

2.2 Previous study on Deliberate Misinterpretation (DMI) ............... 10

2.2.1 Definition of DMI .................................................................. 10

2.2.2 Difference between misunderstanding and DMI.....................11

2.2.3 Features of DMI....................................................................... 12

2.3 Study of DMI from different perspectives......................................14

2.3.1 DMI and Linguistic Adaptation Theory.................................. 14

2.3.2 DMI and Relevance Theory.....................................................16

2.4 Summary..........................................................................................18

Chapter Three Theoretical framework...................................................19

3.1 Principle of relevance......................................................................19

3.2 The ostensive-inferential communication.......................................21

3.3 The mutual manifestation................................................................23

3.4 Principle of economy...................................................................... 25

3.5 Summary..........................................................................................27

Chapter Four Analysis of DMI in communication ............................ 28

4.1 Classification of DMI......................................................................28

4.1.1 DMI in lexical layer................................................................. 29

4.1.2 DMI in syntactical layer...........................................................30

4.1.3 DMI in functional layer............................................................31

4.2 Properties of DMI............................................................................32

4.2.1 DMI as a process of inferential deviation................................35

4.2.2 DMI as the minimization of Optimal Relevance.....................35

4.2.3 DMI in the mutually manifest context ...................................37

4.3 Triggers and Operation Mechanism of DMI.................................. 37

4.3.1 Triggers of DMI....................................................................... 37

4.3.2 Operation Mechanism of DMI.................................................40

4.4 Summary..........................................................................................42

Chapter Five Conclusions.........................................................................44

5.1 Findings of the thesis...................................................................... 45

5.2 Application of this research.............................................................45

5.3 Limitation and suggestions for future study................................... 46

Bibliography...............................................................................................47

在读期间公开发表的论文······················································51

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摘要：

iAcknowledgementsIwouldliketoexpressmygratitudefirstlytoDr.HanGeling.Asmysupervisor,shespentalotoftimeonthedraftsofthisthesis.Shealsogavemealotofvaluablepiecesofadvice.Inthetwo-and-halfyear’sstudyinUniversityofShanghaiforScienceandTechnology,Ilearnedagreatdealfromher.ProfessorRexMadsendoesmeagreatfa...

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