基于语料库的中国理工科大学生英语口语中体态语

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Acknowledgements

I would like to thank all the people whose intellectual and personal supports have

made it possible for me to undertake the research and complete the thesis.

First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere thanks to my respectable

supervisor Professor Liu Qin, who guided me into the fields of language testing,

teaching evaluation and corpus linguistics from which I have benefited a lot during my

postgraduate stage, helped me choose the topic, read the whole manuscript, offered

painstaking and invaluable criticism. Her conscientious attitude and excellence of

writing experience impressed me deeply. Without her guidance and encouragement, the

dissertation would not have been what it is.

Thanks go further to all teachers who have taught me during my advanced study.

The knowledge they have imparted me is of great help to the thesis and to my future

career.

Special thanks also go to the other project partners who cooperated with me on

collecting the data used in the thesis and the students who participated in my

investigation.

Last but not least, my thanks go to my dearest parents, my brothers, my friends

and my classmates for their staunching support over the past two and a half years.

ABSTRACT

Verbal communication and nonverbal communication are two channels of human

communication and they make joint efforts for the achievement of our communicative

goals. As an indispensable component of nonverbal communication, body language

plays an important role in humans’ face-to-face interaction. The ultimate goal of foreign

language teaching and learning is to develop learners’ communicative competence,

which calls for verbal ability as well as nonverbal ability. Therefore, apart from their

verbal competence, college students’ ability of employing body language when they are

speaking English is worth noticing.

Based on corpus-based approach and relevant retrieval software, the present study

attempts to investigate the situation of the body language use of Chinese Science and

Engineering majors (SEMs) when they are communicating with others in English.

Data used in the present study are discussion videos collected from five different

universities of science and technology in different parts of China, among which three

are key universities and the other two are local ones. And in total 88 students are

involved, including 46 males and 42 females. Among them, 29 students have passed

CET6, 28 students have not passed CET6 but have passed CET4, and the others have

not passed CET4.

After the data analysis, the following major research findings are found.

In general, SEMs’ situation of body language use is far from satisfactory. However,

their ability of deploying body language varies with their different school levels,

English proficiency and genders. Specifically, students who have passed CET6, who are

from key universities, and those who are females show some superiority over their

counterparts in using five dimensions of body language, i.e. eye contact, gesture, facial

expression, head movement and naturalness of expression. According to these research

findings and the potential reasons accounting for them, some corresponding pedagogical

implications on college oral English textbooks writing, classroom teaching and

assessment, students’ self-learning are put forward.

Due to various reasons, this study has several limitations, which requires further

discussion and research. The author hopes that there will be some empirical research on

their ability of body language use in intercultural communication in the future.

Key words: corpus, body language use, Chinese SEMs

iii

摘要

人类通过两种渠道进行交际：言语的和非言语的。非言语交际指的是言语行

为以外的所有交际行为。体态语是非言语交际行为中不可或缺的组成部分，在人

类交际尤其是面对面的交流中占有举足轻重的地位。

随着英语作为国际交流工具的作用日益突出，大学英语口语教学的最终目的

已成为培养学习者的交际能力，即他们运用言语手段和非言语手段如体势语等进

行口头交际的能力。作为一个人数众多、不可忽视的英语学习群体，中国理工科

大学生在英语口头交际中使用体态语的能力值得关注。

本文选取 88 名理工科专业的大学生为受试对象，他们来自中国五所不同区域

的理工科大学，其中三所是重点院校，两所是地方院校；包括男生 46 名，女生

42 名；其中有 29 人已经通过大学英语六级考试，28 人已经通过大学英语四级但

未通过六级，其余 31 人还未通过大学英语四级考试。作者录下了他们用英语与其

同学进行讨论的全过程，运用语料库研究的方法从目光交流、头部活动、手势、

面部表情及表述自然性五个方面来分析他们在讨论过程中运用体态语的情况。

研究结果显示：中国理工科大学生在用英语进行口头交际时运用体态语的能

力比较薄弱，并且存在一定的个体差异及性别差异。具体来说，通过大学英语六

级的学生，重点大学的学生和女生均在某些方面表现出比其它学生较强的能力。

这些现象亟待在大学英语口语教学和学习中引起重视。针对引起此现象的可能原

因，本文从口语教材编纂、课堂教学评估和学生自主学习等方面提出了一些尝试

性的建议。

鉴于各种原因，此项研究仍有许多不完善之处，需要进一步的探讨和研究。

衷心希望语言教学评估与语料库语言学的专家与学者能在该领域开展广泛的研

究，共同促进中国大学英语口语教学的发展。

关键词：语料库体态语使用中国理工科大学生

List of Acronyms

ANOVA

Analysis of Variance

CET

College English Test

SEMs

Science and Engineering Majors

SPSS

Statistical Package for Social Sciences

List of Tables

Table 3.1 Universities of the research subjects……………………………………

Table 3.2 Number distribution within each group………………………………...

Table 3.3 Descriptive statistics of students’ body language use…………………..

Table 3.4 Frequencies of exhibiting eye contact of three group levels……………

Table 3.5 One-way ANOVA test for eye contact of three group levels…………...

Table 3.6 Distribution of making flexible eye contact of three group levels……...

Table 3.7 Mean frequency of using the other four dimensions of three groups…...

Table 3.8 Results of one-way ANOVA of employing gestures and

positive gestures in different groups……………………………………

Table 3.9 Results of one-way ANOVA of showing facial expression and positive

facial expression in different groups……………………………………

Table 3.10 Results of one-way ANOVA of nodding the head and

showing unnatural expression in different groups…………………….

Table 3.11 Employment of eye contact of students with different school levels….

Table 3.12 Employment of head-nodding and showing unnatural expression

of students with different school levels………………………………..

Table 3.13 Employment of gestures, positive gestures of students with different

school levels ………………………………………………………….

Table 3.14 Showcase of facial expression, positive facial expression of students

with different school levels……………………………………………

Table 3.15 Distribution of making flexible eye contact in key universities and

local ones………………………………………………………………

Table 3.16 Employment of eye contact between male and female students………

Table 3.17 Employment of head-nodding and showing unnatural

expression between male and female students………………………...

Table 3.18 Employment of gestures and positive gestures between male

and female students……………………………………………………

Table 3.19 Showcase of facial expression, positive facial expression

between male and female students…………………………………………

Table 3.20 Gender distribution of making flexible eye contact…………………...

List of Figures

Figure 3.1 Framework of body language………………………………………….

Figure 3.2 Annotation of body language with ELAN……………………………..

Figure 3.3 Window of exporting as text transcription……………………….…….

Figure 3.4 Window of selecting gesture as target text…………………………….

Figure 3.5 Window of the text for gestures………………………………………..

Figure 3.6 Window of AntConc 3.2.1……………………………………………..

Figure 4.1 Frequency of using gestures of a speaker……………………………...

Figure 4.2 Frequency of a speaker’s showing facial expression…………………..

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摘要：

iAcknowledgementsIwouldliketothankallthepeoplewhoseintellectualandpersonalsupportshavemadeitpossibleformetoundertaketheresearchandcompletethethesis.Firstandforemost,IwouldliketoexpressmysincerethankstomyrespectablesupervisorProfessorLiuQin,whoguidedmeintothefieldsoflanguagetesting,teachingevaluation...

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