基于运输均衡的区域货运通道规划研究

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摘要

随着我国社会经济的快速发展和产业结构的深入调整，作为交通运输骨干线

路的综合运输通道的供需矛盾日益突出。如何合理规划通道线路、优化生产力布

局，使得其社会经济效益最大化，成为我国交通运输发展所面临的主要问题，尤

其是区域货运通道系统优化的关键。因此，建立一套适合区域实情的货运通道规

划方法势在必行。目前货运通道规划的理论和方法研究尚未形成完整的体系，已

有的理论和方法也存在不少缺陷，主要表现在：1）宏观国家层面的研究较多，

而通道是在各个层面都存在，缺乏有效的区域货运通道研究方法；2）将货运通

道内各方式的运输线路视作相互独立的线路进行布局规划，缺乏系统性；3）通

道规划定性分析居多，缺少切实可行的定量研究方法以指导实践。本文是在借鉴

国内外运输通道规划理论与方法研究的基础上，分析不足，结合实际，针对货运

通道供需总量均衡和通道网络均衡前提下的区域社会效益最大化两个问题进行分

析研究，建立货运通道规划的系统研究方法。

本文首先总结回顾了国内外运输通道规划理论与方法的研究方向和进展，从

运输通道的定义、分类出发，对其构成要素的基本概念进行了详细的论述。然

后，通过对货运需求进行分析，提出基于产业布局的货运 OD 推算方法，按照货

种划分、产运关系、货运分布的思路展开，并与区域社会经济发展相结合，得到

特征年的货运需求总量。在此基础上将不同运输方式供给能力综合为通道供给能

力，提出供需总量均衡模型。整合产销平衡模型和网络均衡模型为区域货运通道

广义费用模型，通过建立运行费用、延误费用和外部成本费用，完成对路段和枢

纽广义费用函数的构建，重新诠释了货运通道网络系统最优的观点。最后，结合

温州区域货运通道规划作为实例研究，以检验本文的研究成果。

关键词：货运通道规划供需总量均衡网络均衡广义费用

ABSTRACT

With the rapid development of the socio-economy and the further adjustment of

the industrial structure, the contradiction between the demand and supply of the

comprehensive transportation corridors system as the major commuter arteries is

becoming increasingly prominent. How to locate the lines, plan the distribution of

productive forces, and maximize the socioeconomic benefits, have been the main

problem we are facing in developing the transportation, especially is the key to optimize

the areal freight corridors system. Now the theories and methods of the freight corridors

planning haven’t been a completed system, and the existing theories and methods still

have some defects, which are mainly in: 1) mostly concentrate in the macroscopic areas,

but corridors exist in every range, lack of the effective methods to the aerial freight

corridors; 2) let the transportation lines be isolated with each other, lack of the

systematic nature; 3) corridor planning is most of qualitative analysis , lack of practical

and quantitative research methods to guide practice. This paper is based on learning

from the study on the planning theories and methods of the transportation corridors at

home and aboard, analyzes the defects, relates to reality, and then analyzes and studies

two problems—total equalization between supply and demand for freight transport

corridor and corridor network balanced under social benefits maximization, establishes

the systematic method to plan the freight transportation corridors at last.

This paper, at first, reviews the future directions of transportation corridor research

and the progress of the planning theories at home and aboard, accordingly to make sure

the research content; secondly, in detail discusses the definition, classification,

constituent elements and difference between corridor network and urban traffic network.

Through an analysis of freight demand, propose a method that integrates industry

structure, goods kinds division, the relationship between industry and carriage of goods,

freight distribution combination with socio-economic development to get the freight

transport demand in the total. Thirdly, set up the total supply and demand equilibrium

model. Fourthly, integrate production and marketing equilibrium model and network

equilibrium model for regional freight corridor cost model, calculate the operation cost,

delay cost, external cost and establish link cost function and transfer function. Finally,

takes the freight transportation corridors planning of Wenzhou for example to prove the

conclusions.

Key Word：Freight Transportation Corridors Planning,

Total Supply and Demand Balance，

Corridor Network Equilibrium，

Generalized Cost

中文摘要

ABSTRACT

第一章绪论......................................................................................................................1

§1.1 研究背景 ............................................................................................................ 1

§1.1.1 研究背景 .................................................................................................. 1

§1.1.2 课题来源 .................................................................................................. 2

§1.2 相关研究进展 .................................................................................................... 3

§1.2.1 关于通道的相关研究进展 ...................................................................... 3

§1.2.2 关于均衡的相关研究进展 .................................................................... 10

§1.3 研究意义 .......................................................................................................... 11

§1.3.1 理论意义 ................................................................................................ 11

§1.3.2 实践意义 ................................................................................................ 11

§1.4 研究内容 .......................................................................................................... 12

§1.5 技术路线 .......................................................................................................... 13

第二章运输通道基础理论概述....................................................................................15

§2.1 运输通道的定义 .............................................................................................. 15

§2.1.1 学术界对运输通道概念的界定 ............................................................ 15

§2.1.2 通道定义 ................................................................................................ 16

§2.2 运输通道的分类 .............................................................................................. 17

§2.2.1 按照运输对象划分 ................................................................................ 17

§2.2.2 按照运输方式划分 ................................................................................ 17

§2.2.3 按照服务范围划分 ................................................................................ 18

§2.3 通道构成要素的定义 ...................................................................................... 19

§2.4 运输通道的形成与发展 .................................................................................. 19

§2.4.1 运输通道的形成机理 ............................................................................ 19

§2.3.2 运输通道的形成与发展过程 ................................................................ 20

§2.4 本章小节 .......................................................................................................... 23

第三章区域货运通道供需总量均衡分析....................................................................25

§3.1 运输供需相关理论 .......................................................................................... 25

§3.1.1 需求的相关概念 .................................................................................... 25

§3.1.2 供给的相关概念 .................................................................................... 28

§3.1.3 供需总量均衡分析 ................................................................................ 30

§3.2 区域货运通道需求分析 ........................................................................... 31

§3.2.1 基本思路 ................................................................................................ 31

§3.2.2 产业结构与货运量关联分析 ................................................................ 33

§3.2.3 制造业行业划分 .................................................................................... 34

§3.2.4 产运生成系数 ........................................................................................ 35

§3.2.5 需求分布 ................................................................................................ 36

§3.3 区域货运通道供给分析 .................................................................................. 37

§3.3.1 各运输方式的供给能力 ........................................................................ 37

§3.3.2 通道的供给能力 .................................................................................... 39

§3.4 区域货运通道总量均衡度法 .......................................................................... 39

§3.5 本章小结 .......................................................................................................... 40

第四章基于网络均衡的货运通道优化研究................................................................41

§4.1 现有理论研究 .................................................................................................. 41

§4.1.1 产销平衡的运输问题 ............................................................................ 41

§4.1.2Wardrop 平衡配流模型 .......................................................................... 42

§4.2 基于网络均衡的区域货运通道广义费用模型 .............................................. 43

§4.2.1 货运通道物理网络描述 ........................................................................ 43

§4.2.2 广义费用模型构建 ................................................................................ 45

§4.3 路段广义费用模型 .......................................................................................... 46

§4.3.1 路段广义费用模型的基本形式 ............................................................ 47

§4.3.2 运行费用的计算 .................................................................................... 47

§4.3.3 时间费用的计算 .................................................................................... 50

§4.3.4 外部成本费用的计算 ............................................................................ 52

§4.3.5 路段广义费用模型表达式 .................................................................... 53

§4.4 转运枢纽广义费用模型 .................................................................................. 53

§4.4.1 转运枢纽分类 ........................................................................................ 53

§4.4.2 公铁转运枢纽广义费用模型 ................................................................ 54

§4.4.3 水陆转运枢纽广义费用模型 ................................................................ 55

§4.4.4 转运枢纽广义费用模型表达式 ............................................................ 57

§4.5 本章小结 .......................................................................................................... 57

第五章温州区域货运通道规划实证研究....................................................................59

§5.1 案例背景 .......................................................................................................... 59

§5.1.1 现状概况 ................................................................................................ 59

III

§5.1.2 通道布局 ................................................................................................ 60

§5.2 现状 OD 推算与需求预测...............................................................................61

§5.2.1 交通小区划分 ........................................................................................ 61

§5.2.2 制造业行业划分 .................................................................................... 62

§5.2.3 产运生成系数 ........................................................................................ 63

§5.2.4OD 需求分布 ...........................................................................................64

§5.2.5OD 校核 ...................................................................................................65

§5.2.6 社会经济与交通需求发展预测 ............................................................ 66

§5.3 现状问题诊断 .................................................................................................. 67

§5.3.1 通道供需总量均衡性分析 .................................................................... 67

§5.3.2 通道需求结构适应性分析 .................................................................... 68

§5.4 通道网络规划方案比选与优化 ...................................................................... 69

§5.4.1 规划方案比选 ........................................................................................ 69

§5.4.2 改进建议 ................................................................................................ 74

§5.5 本章小结 .......................................................................................................... 75

第六章结论与展望........................................................................................................77

§6.1 论文研究主要成果 .......................................................................................... 77

§6.2 有待于进一步研究的问题 .............................................................................. 77

参考文献.........................................................................................................................79

在读期间公开发表的论文和承担科研项目及取得成果.............................................83

致谢................................................................................................................................85

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摘要：

摘要随着我国社会经济的快速发展和产业结构的深入调整，作为交通运输骨干线路的综合运输通道的供需矛盾日益突出。如何合理规划通道线路、优化生产力布局，使得其社会经济效益最大化，成为我国交通运输发展所面临的主要问题，尤其是区域货运通道系统优化的关键。因此，建立一套适合区域实情的货运通道规划方法势在必行。目前货运通道规划的理论和方法研究尚未形成完整的体系，已有的理论和方法也存在不少缺陷，主要表现在：1）宏观国家层面的研究较多，而通道是在各个层面都存在，缺乏有效的区域货运通道研究方法；2）将货运通道内各方式的运输线路视作相互独立的线路进行布局规划，缺乏系统性；3）通道规划定性分析居多，缺少切实可行的定量研...

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