词汇重复研究——《时代周刊》商务新闻分析

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Acknowledgements

My foremost appreciation goes first to my supervisor, Professor Cheng Yuefang,

who has given me considerate encouragement, insightful suggestions, and valuable

advice throughout my study for the Master’s Degree. She has offered me many

suggestions from choosing the research subject to conducting the research. She has

examined and bettered each draft of the thesis with much patience during her busy days.

Being strict with us in study and kind to us in life, she has impressed us with her

precision in research and solicitude for each student.

My gratitude also goes to other professors whose informative advice and lectures

have largely enhanced my knowledge and widened my view in academic study.

I am very grateful to my beloved parents and sisters, who have always been

offering encouragement, support and understanding.

At last I am equally grateful to my classmates and friends who have taken great

trouble to help me.

CONTENTS

Acknowledgments

中文摘要

ABSTRACT

Chapter One Introduction ........................................................................................... 1

§1.1 Motivation of the Research ................................................................................ 1

§1.2 Objectives of the Research .................................................................................2

§1.3 Organization of the Research .............................................................................3

Chapter Two Theoretical Consideration of the Research ........................................... 4

§2.1 Literature Review of Lexical Repetition ............................................................4

§2.1.1 Definition of Repetition .................................................................................. 5

§2.1.2 Patterns of Lexical Repetition .........................................................................5

§2.1.2.1 Simple Lexical Repetition ............................................................................5

§2.1.2.2 Complex Lexical Repetition ........................................................................ 6

§2.1.2.3 Simple Partial Paraphrase ............................................................................ 7

§2.1.2.4 Simple Mutual Paraphrase ........................................................................... 8

§2.1.2.5 Complex Paraphrase .................................................................................... 9

§2.1.2.6 Co-reference Repetition ............................................................................. 12

§2.1.2.7 Deixis ......................................................................................................... 12

§2.1.2.8 Substitution ................................................................................................ 13

§2.1.2.9 Ellipsis ........................................................................................................14

§2.2 A Brief Overview of News ...............................................................................15

§2.2.1 Definition of News ........................................................................................16

§2.2.2 Classification of News .................................................................................. 17

§2.2.3 Social Function of News ...............................................................................17

Chapter Three Research Method .............................................................................. 19

§3.1 Corpus for the Research ...................................................................................19

§3.2 Method of Analysis .......................................................................................... 21

Chapter Four Analysis of Business News from Time ............................................... 23

§4.1 Separate Analysis of Samples .......................................................................... 23

§4.1.1 Analysis of Sample 1 .................................................................................... 23

§4.1.2 Analysis of Sample 2 .................................................................................... 30

§4.1.3 Analysis of Sample 3 .................................................................................... 35

§4.1.4 Results from the Individual Analysis of Three Samples ...............................39

§4.2 Process that Lexical Repetition Links Work ....................................................40

§4.2.1 Central Sentences and Marginal Sentences .................................................. 40

§4.2.2 Topic-opening Sentence(s) ............................................................................41

§4.2.3 Results ...........................................................................................................44

Chapter Five Conclusion .......................................................................................... 45

§5.1 Major Findings .................................................................................................45

§5.2 Suggestions for Further Research .................................................................... 45

Bibliography ................................................................................................................ 47

在读期间公开发表的论文 ......................................................................................... 49

Appendix I

Appendix II

Appendix III

Chapter One Introduction

-1-

Chapter One Introduction

So far, English is widely learned and applied in almost every corner of the world.

The more area English covers, the deeper people will study. Before the 1960’s, the

linguists’ interest had almost been confined to the long-established levels of linguistic

inquiry, such as the phonology, the morphology, the lexicology and the syntax. Rare

attention was paid to relations between sentences. Sentence-parsing was operated in

isolation from the relevant context. By the beginning of the 1960’s, Firth (1961) had

studied contexts and Harris (1965) investigated sentence distribution. Both of them had

contributed enormously to public awareness that text is also a communicative

occurrence. Ideas or thoughts are conveyed in texts rather than in isolated sentences.

The linguistic philosophers such as Austin (He Zhaoxiong, 1999), Searle and Grice

were also influential in the study of language as social action, reflected in Speech-Act

theory and the formulation of conversational maxims, alongside the emergence of

pragmatics, which is the study of meaning in context (Leech, 1983). Halliday’s (1973)

functional approach to language emphasizes social functions of language and the

thematic and informational structure of speech and writing. Most of these linguists have

noticed the importance of language study in contexts and have done their research very

well. There is, however, not so much practical and comprehensive investigation in how

one of the major cohesion type —lexical repetition contributes to text organization.

§1.1 Motivation of the Research

In the past thirty years, the research achievements of linguistics and applied

linguistics developed like mushrooms. Among them, discourse analysis is an

outstanding subject in that research field. With various relevant principles in theoretical

linguistics, sociology, psychology, anthropology and philosophy, discourse analysis

builds up its own theories and methods. The theoretical principles absorbed by

discourse analysis have a common point, that is, all the principles focus on language in

use and study how people apply real language instead of coined sentences. Just because

of that, theories in discourse analysis immediately attract the attention of language

teaching and learning field. Another reason is when language teachers design teaching

materials and lead learners to practicing and acting in the target language, the first thing

A Study of Lexical Repetition—Analysis of Business News from Time

-2-

that they take into consideration is how people apply real language.

Language majors in both foreign and Chinese Universities or colleges are often

required to attend language reading and writing courses. The target of the requirement

is to help English learners improve their ability to comprehend and to write. But many

universities and colleges often meet difficulties in attaining their expected teaching

effect. One reason for that is due to the traditional teaching materials which are short of

originality and lack in information. Another reason can be the teaching and learning

activities which are not so systematic or interactive as many teachers only introduce the

background information and expound the language points and difficulties in teaching

materials.

And in the modern age, people are fully exposed to the public society or mass

media such as television, newspaper, radio, internet, or something like. Some speakers

or writers do not speak or write in a correct way. Some others can speak or write

grammatically well, but what he or she says is still not understood by others. The reason

is often that what he or she speaks or writes is not coherent itself. Among so many mass

media, news magazines are chosen to be the research focus due to some of news’ innate

features, like stability, wholeness and readability, which offer great convenience for the

research.

§1.2 Objectives of the Research

With that trend, the present research is informed by those linguists’ idea discussed

in the beginning part of the research and the indispensability. This research is attempted

to apply Michael Hoey’s lexical repetition links theory to the analysis of written

journalistic news language, more specifically, the language of English journalistic

business news. How lexical repetition in business news realizes text organization of a

whole text is chosen as the topic for the M.A thesis to arouse public awareness that

coherence is the most essential criterion by which to judge texts. And to track lexical

repetitions can achieve the topic sentence and the main idea of a text Thus it is hoped

that an elementary knowledge in this respect can help foreign language teaching and

learning. On this account, it is especially hoped that the findings of the research may

give some enlightenment or inspiration to both English teachers and learners in the

teaching and learning of English reading and writing, especially summary writing

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摘要：

AcknowledgementsMyforemostappreciationgoesfirsttomysupervisor,ProfessorChengYuefang,whohasgivenmeconsiderateencouragement,insightfulsuggestions,andvaluableadvicethroughoutmystudyfortheMaster’sDegree.Shehasofferedmemanysuggestionsfromchoosingtheresearchsubjecttoconductingtheresearch.Shehasexaminedand...

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