多种课堂活动和游戏在儿童二语习得中的作用

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CONTENTS

中文摘要

ABSTRACT

Introduction .....................................................................................................................1

1 The Significance of Studying the Role of Various Classroom Teaching Activities in

Children’s Second Language Acquisition ..................................................................... 1

2 Various English Classroom Teaching Activities and Games .....................................1

3 Objectives ................................................................................................................... 2

4 Methods of investigation................................................................................................3

Chapter I Various English Classroom Teaching Activities and Games .................... 4

1.1 Various English Classroom Teaching Activities .................................................... 4

1.2 The Categories of Various English Classroom Teaching Activities and Games. ... 5

Chapter II Theoretical and Practical Evidences ..........................................................9

2.1 Theoretical Evidence ............................................................................................... 9

2.1.1 The Physical and Psychological Properties of Children .............................................................. 9

2.1.2 The Input Hypothesis and Output Hypothesis ...........................................................................14

2.1.3 Behaviorism and Mentalism ...................................................................................................... 19

2.1.4 The Relationship between Classroom Teaching and Second Language Acquisition. ...............25

2.1.5 Classroom Teaching Activities & Games & Learning .............................................................. 25

2.2 Practical Evidence ................................................................................................. 28

2.2.1 Questionnaire ............................................................................................................................. 28

2.2.2 Classroom Observation ..............................................................................................................32

Chapter III Application of Teaching Activities and Games ..................................... 37

3.1 Full consideration of children's psychological and physical properties ................ 37

3.1.1 Physical Properties ............................................................................................. 37

3.1.2 Psychological Properties ................................................................................................................ 37

3.2 Good Arrangement of Various Classroom Teaching Activities ............................37

3.3 Learner Variation ...................................................................................................38

3.3.1 Age .............................................................................................................................................38

3.3.2 Personality ................................................................................................................................. 38

3.3.3 Attitudes and Motivation ........................................................................................................... 39

3.3.4 Aptitude ..................................................................................................................................... 39

3.4 Four Skills and Their Percentages in Classroom Teaching. ..................................39

3.5 The Quantity and Quality of Learner Participation ...............................................40

Conclusion ..................................................................................................................... 41

Introduction

1 The Significance of Studying the Role of Various Classroom

Teaching Activities in Children’s Second Language Acquisition

What is second language acquisition (SLA)? In Chinese background, second language

acquisition, in fact, means foreign language learning. In this thesis, second language acquisition

refers to foreign language learning. In China, a great deal of research has been done on adult

second language acquisition. Although there are a series of teaching textbooks like Cambridge

Young Learner, Come on, kids and Salad English, the arrangement of children classroom

teaching is still less touched. We know, first, it is widely acknowledged that English teaching in

China is time consuming and unfruitful in adult. Second, English has become much more

important as China is getting more powerful economically and politically in the world

especially after successful bids for the Olympics and World Exposition by Beijing and

Shanghai respectively. Given such a background, Chinese parents and educators have come to

concentrate on children classroom learning. Arousing children’s interest and making their

learning more efficient is probably the biggest concern of both parents and educators.

It is well known that interest is the best teacher. This is especially true for children. In this

thesis the author tries to find out what roles of various classroom teaching activities and games

play in children’s second language acquisition with the aim of increasing efficiency in

children’s classroom teaching.

2 Various English Classroom Teaching Activities and Games

Games are often adopted in classroom and family teaching. In this thesis, games are the

forms that teachers employ in order to attract children’s attention. Attention attracting aims to

realize the goal of teaching. Various classroom teaching activities are alike functionally. In this

thesis, various classroom teaching activities consist of memory chain, yes-no listening practice,

exchanging seats (Note 1), Simon says (Note 2), fish crossing river (Note 3), team-work, role

play, debate, story telling, word guessing, spelling bee, sentence making relay, listening or

action relay, and chanting. The above teaching activities are concerned with many aspects.

From the perspective of the way of language perception, we can see some deal with input, some

output or we can say some deal with receptive knowledge and some productive knowledge.

The Role of Various English Classroom Teaching Activities and Games in Children’s SLA

From the viewpoint of skills, there are listening, speaking, reading and writing.

The above teaching activities and games can take many forms. Take the team-work or

group-work for example, it can be widely applied to different teaching tasks. In the following

chapter, the author will give more detailed information about various classroom teaching

activities and games.

Note 1: Exchanging seats is a game usually played by a group of pupils and a teacher. And

it is used to consolidate the clothing items and wearing. It goes like this: all the pupils sit on their

chairs in a big circle and a teacher stands in the middle of the circle. The teacher says: The wind

blows everyone who is wearing a shirt. Then, each pupil who is wearing a shirt is required to

exchange his seat with others. At the same time, the teacher is also required to occupy a seat

with the pupils. As a result, one pupil will be pushed out of his seat. Then, it is the pupil's turn to

give his/her instructions like: “the wind blows everyone who is wearing socks.” The game goes

on until everyone has had their turn. The game is very flexisible. It can also be applied to

reviewing other vocabulary and sentence structures like: “The wind blows everyone who was

born in 1995.”

Note 2: Simon says is a TPR (Total Physical Response) game. It goes as follows: if a

teacher says: Simon says: “touch your hair;” the pupils are required to touch their hair. But if the

teacher only says: touch your hair, the pupils aren't supposed to touch their hair. This game is

used to help pupils to review all the parts of their body. At the same time, it also improves

pupils’ quick thinking and flexibility.

Note 3: In this game, teachers are required to cut out two paper fish (they should be the

same size), and then put them on the floor next to each other, across from the fish, a teacher

draws a long river. Next, the teacher divides all the pupils into two groups. Each group chooses

a pupil to answer the question asked by the teacher. The group that has the correct answer gets

the opportunity to blow one of the paper fish. The first group who cross the river wins. This

game has a wide application for reviewing what the pupils have learned.

3 Objectives

Children’s second language acquisition can be dwelled on from different viewpoints. As

we know, there are many aspects concerned with children’s second language acquisition. In this

thesis, the author focuses on the classroom teaching activities and games. First of all, the author

proves, theoretically and practically, the feasibility of adopting various classroom teaching

activities and games in teaching. Theoretically, the author cites many theories like input and

Introduction

output theories, behaviorism and nativist theories. Practically, there are a series of questionnaires

to illustrate its feasibility. Second, according to classroom observations, the author finds that

after adopting various classroom teaching activities and games, the class atmosphere is pretty

good. Various classroom teaching activities and games turn out to be encouraging in that they

attract children’s attention and develop their interests. Further, most of the pupils who actively

participate in the classroom teaching activities and games perform well academically. What is

more, in terms of personality, those pupils are more self-confident and risk taking than pupils

who are unwilling to take part in classroom teaching activities and games.

In addition, the thesis also elaborates on how to adopt various classroom teaching

activities and games and the difficulties of adopting various classroom teaching activities and

games. At the end of the thesis, a conclusion is drawn.

4 Methods of investigation

In this thesis, first, the author makes an overview of literature and theories concerned

with her research. Second, she employed the methods of questionnaire and classroom

observations and first-hand materials and data are usually more convincing than theories. She

was working at Learning Education Center when she prepared for her thesis writing. So it was

very convenient for her to devise questionnaires and issue them to her pupils. She explained her

previously designed questionnaire tables carefully to her pupils with the aim of avoidance of

their misunderstanding. And then she collected the questionnaire tables to make precise analysis.

In all, she questioned 100 pupils. In addition, she also attended many classes, which were given

by native speakers of English. According to the classroom observations, there were many

distinctive properties of the class in which teachers adopted various classroom teaching

activities. And later on she explained what accounted for the above properties.

The Role of Various English Classroom Teaching Activities and Games in Children’s SLA

Chapter I Various English Classroom

Teaching Activities and Games

1.1 Various English Classroom Teaching Activities

We know children are restless, curious and have a short attention span. Children's

classroom teaching is quite different from that of adults, which is not only subject to the unique

physical and psychological properties of children, but also the cognitive features of children.

These differences lie in the varieties of English class teaching activities, a good interactive

atmosphere and full participation in the classroom activities and games. Hence, organizing all

kinds of activities to catch their attention should be the top concern of teachers. As the author

has stated before, she was working at Learning Education Center when she was preparing for

her thesis writing. So it was very convenient for her to make questionnaires. She made

questionnaires in Chinese and issued them to her pupils, who are aged 8 to 15. And they came

to Learning Education Center to improve their oral English and listening ability. Some of them

are pupils, others high school students. In order to avoid her pupils’ misunderstanding, the

author explained the questionnaires very carefully to them before they started to choose.

Concerning various English classroom teaching activities and games, the author has made

the following questionnaire.

Questionnaire table 1

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CONTENTS中文摘要ABSTRACTIntroduction.....................................................................................................................11TheSignificanceofStudyingtheRoleofVariousClassroomTeachingActivitiesinChildren’sSecondLanguageAcquisition...............................................

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