环保产业投入产出分析

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摘要

改革开放以来，我国经济取得迅速发展的同时，也带来了严重的环境问题。

这些年对环境保护的投资力度也越来越大，由此形成的环保产业在国民经济中地

位越来越重要。但由于现行的国民经济核算体系未将环境保护活动核算单独列

出，在投入产出表中也是分散在各个传统的产业部门中，被作为一般的经济活动

处理。这不能突出环境保护活动产业的重要性。这需要修改现行的国民经济核算

体系，以反映环境保护产业与国民经济其他产业之间的关联关系，通过分析这种

关联关系，为环保产业的健康发展提供有益的政策建议。

本文利用联合国环境经济综合体系（SEEA）中关于环保核算的基本理论方

法。在传统的国民核算原理基础上，运用投入产出框架构建环保产业投入产出表。

然后将环保活动从传统的投入产出表中分离出来形成一个单独的环保产业部门，

形成含有环保产业的投入产出表。

其中关于环保产业核算的范围，主要从环保支出角度考虑。为了尽量与联合

国的核算框架对接，本文中我们根据环保支出情况，将环保产业活动分为五类：

外部环保活动、内部环保活动、环保投资、居民环保活动、政府环保活动。

关于数据来源主要参考 2000 年中国环境统计年报、

1997 年中国投入产出表、

2000 年中国投入产出表、2001 年中国统计年鉴、中国环境产业市场供求指南中

关于 2000 年中国环境及其相关产业调查的数据以及建设部网站上提供的相关数

据。

运用上面的理论方法和数据，我们得到 2000 年中国环保产业投入产出表和

2000 外部化后的环保产业投入产出表。利用列昂惕夫的产业关联理论，分析了环

保产业的产业关联度、产业波及效应。得出如下结论：

（1）从环保产业与其后向关联产业的关联度来看，环保产业对少数几个产

业有着显著的影响。因此，在制定产业政策、促进产业间协调发展时需要重点考

虑一些关联度大的产业，应当合理确定环保产业与关联度较大产业间的发展比例

和规模，避免这种不协调给国民经济健康发展带来的负面影响。

（2）从环保产业与其前向关联产业的关联度来看，关联度比较高的产业都

是一些高污染的行业。污染越高对清洁服务的要求越高，即对环保产业的需求也

越大。环保产业的发展依赖于在多大程度上处理这些污染。但由于环境污染的外

部性，导致这种需求不是自发的。因此，必须强化相关的法律法规，促使相关产

业对环保产业的需求成为自身发展的内在要求。

（3）从环保产业的中间需求率和中间投入率来看，环保产业的中间需求率

不是很高，也就是说，最终需求相对比较高，这是由环保产业提供的产品部分具

有公共物品的属性决定的。环保产业的中间投入率很高，从另一个侧面说明，环

保产业的附加值低，甚至在盈余一项为零。这也导致了企业不愿提供环保服务的

原因之一,由此决定了政府在环保产业的发展过程中将处于主导地位。政府应在制

度安排上和财政上给予扶持，使环保投资市场化，让市场自发来提供环保服务。

附加值过低也说明我们的环保产业技术含量比较低。

（4）从环保产业波及效应来看，我国环保产业的感应度系数远大于影响力

系数，说明我国国民经济增长对环保产业的拉动作用大于同比例环保产业发展对

国民经济的推动作用，环保产业仍是收入导向型和经济拉动型模式。

基于前面的研究结论，我们提出以下一些政策建议：

（1）建立多元化的环保产业投融资体制；（2）加强政府政策的扶持力度；（3）

完善环境法规建设；（4）加大企业研发能力，促进生产过程清洁化；（5）加强环

保产业市场监督；（6）大力推进环保产业技术进步。

关键词：环保产业投入产出表产业关联

ABSTRACT

China has achieved rapid economic development since the beginning of reforming

and opening. But it also brings about a serious environmental problem. China

government increased investment for the environmental protection in recent years. The

resulting environmental protection industry had an increasingly important position in

the national economy. But the environmental accounting could not be singled out in

the traditional SNA, It was scattered in various sectors of the traditional industries in

the input-output tables as a general economic activity. It is necessary to amend the

existing system of national accounts to reflect the correlation relation between

environmental protection industry and the other industries among the national

economy.

The study uses the basic theory on environmental accounting methods of SEEA

which is included in hand of national accounting of the United Nations. The

environmental protection industry input-output table is compiled by using input-output

tables based on the traditional national accounting principle. Environmental protection

activities are separated into a separate environmental protection industry from the

traditional input-output tables and environmental protection industry is included in the

input-output tables as a single industry.

We will account for the environmental protection accounting area based on

environmental protection expenditures. To maintain uniformity with the United

Nations accounting framework, the environmental protection activity will be divided

into five categories according to environmental expenditure in the study, external

environmental protection activities, internal environmental protection activities,

investment activities for environmental protection, household environmental

protection activities, government environmental protection activities.

The study will adopt the compiled methods of UN environmental protection industry

input-output tables about how to separate environmental protection activities from the

traditional input-output tables and how to reflect environmental protection activities in

the input-output tables.

Date source includes china environmental statistical yearbook 2000, China

input-output tables 1997, China input-output tables 2000, China statistical yearbook

2001, guidebook of the market supply and demand of china environmental industry,

ministry of construction website.

By applying the theory and dates mentioned above, we get china environmental

protection industry input-output tables 2000 and china externalized environmental

protection industry input-output tables 2000. Using the industry correlation theory of

Leontief, the study analyzes the correlation between environmental protection industry

and other industries of China, industrial spread effect. We draw the following

conclusions through the analysis:

(1) In term of the backward quantity correlation between environmental protection

industry and other industries, the development of environmental protection industry

only affects several industries evidently. So, the government should focus on some

industries which have degree correlation with environmental protection industry

industries when making industrial policies and promoting the coordinated development

among industries. We should think about the proportion and size between the

environmental protection industry and the degree correlated industries in order to

avoid the disharmony which may result in a negative impact on the development of the

national economy.

(2)In term of the forward quantity correlation between environmental protection

industry and other industries, some degree correlated industries are also degree

polluting industries. More high pollutant demand for more cleaning service, in other

words, these industries have more demand for environmental protection industry. The

development of environment protection industry depends on what extent in dealing

with the pollutant. The demand for cleaning service is not spontaneous because of

externality. So, the government must strengthen the related regulations in order to

promote the demand of other industries for environmental protection industry to

become an intrinsic requirement of other industries.

(3)In term of the intermediate demand ratio and the intermediate input ratio, the

intermediate demand ratio of the environmental protection industry is not high. in

other word, the final demand of it is relatively high, which is determined by

characteristic property of public goods. The higher intermediate input ratio of

environmental protection industry means that the added value of the environmental

protection industry is lower, the surplus of which is even zero or negative. It is also the

reason why the company does not will supply the environmental protection services,

which indicates that the government will be in a dominant position during the

development of environmental protection industry. The government should give

financial and institutional arrangements support in order to make environmental

investment market-oriented. The low added-value also explains that our environmental

protection industry technology contents are comparatively low.

(4)In term of the spread effect of environmental protection industry, Sense degree

coefficient of China environmental protection industry is bigger than effect power

coefficient of it. It indicates that national economy increase causes greater effect for

environmental protection than the push effect of environmental protection industry for

national economy, environmental protection industry is driven by economic growth

and income-oriented mode.

We propose the following policy recommendations based research conclusions

above:

(1) Establishing a diversified investment and financing system of the environmental

protection industry; (2) Strengthening the government’s policy support; (3) Improving

environmental regulations; (4) increasing research and development capabilities,

promoting clean production processes; (5) strengthening the environmental protection

industry market supervision; (6) promoting environmental technologies progress.

Key Words: Environmental protection industry, Input-output tables,

Industry correlation

中文摘要

ABSTRACT

第一章导言 ...................................................... 1

§1.1 研究背景及研究目的 .........................................1

§1.1.1 研究背景 ............................................. 1

§1.1.2 研究目的 ............................................. 3

§1.2 理论综述 .................................................. 3

§1.2.1 投入产出表概述 ....................................... 3

§1.2.2 环境经济投入产出理论的发展 ........................... 5

§1.3 国内外研究现状及评价 ......................................12

§1.3.1 国外环保核算的应用 .................................. 12

§1.3.2 国内研究现状 ........................................ 12

§1.3.3 评价 ................................................ 13

§1.4 本文研究方法 ..............................................14

第二章环保产业投入产出表的构建 ................................. 15

§2.1 环保产业界定 ..............................................16

§2.2 环境保护支出的分类 ........................................17

§2.3 中国投入产出表的修正 ......................................18

§2.3.1 基于环保支出的中国投入产出表 ........................ 18

§2.3.2 修正的环保产业投入产出表 ............................ 19

§2.4 环保产业构成的说明 ........................................22

§2.4.1 外部环保活动 ........................................ 22

§2.4.2 环保活动专用产品部门 ................................ 23

§2.4.3 内部环保活动 ........................................ 23

§2.4.4 居民环保活动 ........................................ 24

§2.4.5 环保投资 ............................................ 24

§2.4.6 政府环境保护活动 .................................... 24

第三章环保产业投入产出表数据的计算 ............................. 25

§3.1 现有投入产出表的调整 ......................................25

§3.1.1 数据来源 ............................................ 25

§3.1.2 2000 年延长表的修正 ................................. 25

§3.1.3 修正的投入产出表的部门调整 .......................... 31

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摘要：

摘要改革开放以来，我国经济取得迅速发展的同时，也带来了严重的环境问题。这些年对环境保护的投资力度也越来越大，由此形成的环保产业在国民经济中地位越来越重要。但由于现行的国民经济核算体系未将环境保护活动核算单独列出，在投入产出表中也是分散在各个传统的产业部门中，被作为一般的经济活动处理。这不能突出环境保护活动产业的重要性。这需要修改现行的国民经济核算体系，以反映环境保护产业与国民经济其他产业之间的关联关系，通过分析这种关联关系，为环保产业的健康发展提供有益的政策建议。本文利用联合国环境经济综合体系（SEEA）中关于环保核算的基本理论方法。在传统的国民核算原理基础上，运用投入产出框架构建环保产业投入...

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