环保节能型空调热水一体机的实验研究

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摘要

为了缓解目前能源紧张和环境污染的局面，加速制冷剂R22的替代步伐，以及

满足人们对热水需求的日益增长的现状，本文本着节能创新的思想，设计出了环

保节能型空调热水一体机。它是一种使用环保型自然工质——丙烷（R290）作为

制冷工质的，并能够回收冷凝热用于制备生活热水的热泵空调装置。它既具有常

规热泵空调的制冷、制热功能，同时还可实现制冷兼制热水、制热兼制热水以及

单独制热水的功能，可在一年四季内为用户制取60℃左右的生活用热水。

首先，本文通过查阅国内外关于冷凝热回收及 R22 替代的研究现状，从而明

确了课题研究的目的及意义；其次，在对比 R290、R410A 及R22 的基本物性及

热力性能以及借鉴已较成熟的热回收方案的基础上，完成了环保节能型空调热水

一体机的原理图设计；然后，本文对系统的各部件进行了合理详细地选型计算；

最后，根据相关标准及实验目的，制定了实验方案，全年工况下实验样机的各运

行模式的可行性、运行特性和节能性实验，并对实验数据进行了处理和分析。

可行性及运行特性实验结果表明，在各运行模式下，试验样机运行安全可靠

平稳，样机的冷凝热回收方案及其控制策略合理可行。节能性实验结果则表明，

环保节能性空调热水一体机符合国家规定的空气调节器的节能标准。水箱制热水

时实验结果表明，环保节能型空调热水一体机的制热水时间随着室外环境温度的

降低而延长。其综合能效比则随室外环境温度的升高而升高。在夏季名义工况下，

只需 110 分钟即可制取 150 升温度为 60℃的热水，综合能效比最高可达到 3.77，

平均为 3.47。而在冬季的名义工况下则需要 200 分钟，其综合能效比最高可达 3.25，

平均为 2.64。相对于其他类型的热水器而言，其节能性是最为突出的。因此，本

文所设计的具有五种运行模式的环保节能型空调热水一体机的确是一个环保节能

且满足市场要求的实用性成果。

本文为家用热泵空调系统冷凝热回收利用技术提供了一定的依据，相关的实

验数据还可以对今后相关产品的开发和实际推广具有一定的借鉴与参考价值。

关键词：空调热水一体机丙烷冷凝热回收热水器环保节能

ABSTRACT

As to ease the current situation of energy shortage and environment pollution, to

accelerate the replacement space of R22, and to meet the increasing demand of hot

water, with the spirit of conserving energy and innovation, the environment-friendly

and energy-saving air conditioner with hot water was designed. It used the natural

refrigerants – Propane as its working fluids. It has five operating mode,such as

cooling-only mode, heating-only mode, water heating-only mode, cooling with water

heating mode,heating with water heating mode. So it can provide hot water for daily

life all the year.

Firstly, through consulting relevant research material at home and abroad,

introduced the research status of condensation heat recovery and R22 replacement,

clear the research purposes and significance. Secondly, after contrasting of the physical

and thermal performance parameters of R22, R410A and R290, and referencing the

mature condensation heating recovery systems, then completed the experimental

prototype schematic design of the environment-friendly and energy-saving air

conditioner with hot water. Thirdly, the system components are reasonably selected

after calculating. Finally, according to the experimental purposes and contents, testify

the feasibility, operating and energy-saving characteristics of the experimental

prototype, deal with and analysis the experimental data.

The experimental results show that the environment-friendly and energy-saving air

conditioner with hot water and its control strategy are practicable. All of the operating

mode of this system is safe, stable and reliable in the experimental conditions, even the

ambient temperature reached -12℃. When in cooling-only mode or heating-only mode,

the energy efficiency rate (EER) and the coefficient of performance (COP) all conform

to the national energy-saving standards for air conditioner. It can heat 150 liters water

to 60℃in 110 minutes when the ambient temperature at 35℃，and in 200minutes

when the ambient temperature at 7℃. The average COP reached to 3.47 in summer

nominal condition, and to 2.64 in winter nominal condition. Compare with other types

of water heaters, its energy-saving performance is more prominent. Therefore, the

environment-friendly and energy-saving air condition with hot water which has five

operating modes is verified to be an applicable device.

The experimental data of this paper provide references for designing and

manufacturing the new condensation heat recovery air conditioner products.

Key words: air conditioner with hot water, propane, condensing heat

recycle, water heater, environment friendly, energy saving

摘要

ABSTRACT

第一章绪论 ....................................................................................................................... 1

§1.1 课题背景及研究目的和意义 ................................................................................... 1

§1.1.1 课题背景 ........................................................................................................... 1

§1.1.2 课题研究的目的及意义 ................................................................................... 3

§1.2 国内外研究现状 ....................................................................................................... 4

§1.2.1 冷凝热回收的国内外研究现状 ...................................................................... 4

§1.2.2 使用 R290 制冷剂的国内外研究现状 ........................................................... 8

§1. 3 本课题研究的主要内容 ......................................................................................... 8

第二章 R290 替代 R22、R410A 的可行性的理论分析 .................................................... 11

§2.1 R290、R22 及R410A 的基本物性对比 ................................................................ 11

§2.2 R290、R22 及R410A 的热力性能对比 ................................................................ 12

§2.3 空调用制冷循环工作参数确定及热力计算 ......................................................... 15

§2.3.1 空调用制冷循环工作参数确定 ...................................................................... 15

§2.3.2 空调用理论制冷循环热力计算 ...................................................................... 17

§2.3.3 空调用压缩机选型 .......................................................................................... 18

§2.4 本章小结 ................................................................................................................. 19

第三章环保节能型空调热水一体机系统设计 ................................................................. 21

§3.1 家用热泵空调器冷凝热回收流程方案探讨 ......................................................... 21

§3.1.1 前置串联式冷凝热回收方案 .......................................................................... 21

§3.1.2 后置串联式冷凝热回收方案 .......................................................................... 22

§3.1.3 并联独立回路式冷凝热回收方案 .................................................................. 22

§3.2 环保节能型空调热水一体机系统方案的确定 ..................................................... 23

§3.2.1 环保节能型空调热水一体机系统设计原则 ................................................. 23

§3.2.2 环保节能型空调热水一体机系统组成 ......................................................... 24

§3.2.3 环保节能型空调热水一体机运行模式介绍 .................................................. 25

§3.2.4 环保节能型空调热水一体机运行模式转换条件 .......................................... 27

§3.3 本章小结 ................................................................................................................. 28

第四章环保节能型空调热水一体机的部件设计 ............................................................. 29

§4.1 蒸发器、冷凝器以及节流机构的选型计算 ....................................................... 29

§4.1.1 蒸发器的选型计算 ......................................................................................... 29

§4.1.2 冷凝器的选型计算 ......................................................................................... 34

§4.1.3 节流机构的确定 ............................................................................................. 39

§4.2 管路及辅助设备的设计和选用 ........................................................................... 40

§4.2.1 管路计算 ......................................................................................................... 40

§4.2.2 辅助部件的选型计算 ..................................................................................... 41

§4.2.3 制冷系统部件清单 ......................................................................................... 42

§4.3 水箱的选型 ........................................................................................................... 43

§4.4 本章小结 ............................................................................................................... 43

第五章环保节能型空调热水一体机的实验设计 ............................................................. 45

§5.1 实验目的及内容 ..................................................................................................... 45

§5.1.1 实验目的 ......................................................................................................... 45

§5.1.2 实验内容 ......................................................................................................... 45

§5.2 实验装置的介绍 ..................................................................................................... 49

§5.2.1 实验室室内、外侧空气处理系统 ................................................................. 50

§5.2.2 实验室室内、外侧水系统 ............................................................................. 51

§5.2.3 实验室参数控制、测量与记录 ..................................................................... 51

§5.3 实验样机的安装与测点布置 ................................................................................. 53

§5.3.1 实验样机的安装与布置 ................................................................................. 53

§5.3.2 实验样机测点的布置 ..................................................................................... 56

§5.4 本章小结 ................................................................................................................. 58

第六章实验数据处理与分析 ............................................................................................. 59

§6.1 空调热水一体机的常规空调性能实验 ................................................................. 59

§6.1.1 制冷工况下运行特性的实验分析 ................................................................. 59

§6.1.2 制热工况下运行特性的实验分析 ................................................................. 60

§6.1.3 制冷、制热工况下节能性的实验分析 .......................................................... 61

§6.2 空调热水一体机恒温进水时制热水性能实验 ..................................................... 62

§6.2.1 单独制热水模式运行特性的实验分析 ......................................................... 62

§6.2.2 制冷兼制热水及制热兼制热水模式的运行特性实验分析 ......................... 64

§6.2.3 制冷兼制热水、制热兼制热水及单独制热水模式下的节能性

实验分析 ..................................................................................................................... 65

§6.3 空调热水一体机水箱制热水性能实验 ................................................................. 66

§6.3.1 水箱制热水时的运行特性实验分析 ............................................................. 66

§6.3.2 水箱制热水时的节能性实验分析 ................................................................. 71

§6.4 空调热水一体机的舒适性及安全性实验 ............................................................. 72

§6.4.1 空调热水一体机的热舒适性实验分析 ......................................................... 72

§6.4.2 空调热水一体机的安全性实验分析 ............................................................. 73

§6.5 本章小结 ................................................................................................................. 74

第七章结论与展望 ............................................................................................................. 77

§7.1 主要研究成果 ......................................................................................................... 77

§7.2 需要进一步开展的工作 ......................................................................................... 78

§7.3 展望 ......................................................................................................................... 79

参考文献 ............................................................................................................................... 81

在读期间公开发表的论文和承担科研项目及取得成果 ...................................................85

致谢 ....................................................................................................................................... 87

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摘要：

摘要为了缓解目前能源紧张和环境污染的局面，加速制冷剂R22的替代步伐，以及满足人们对热水需求的日益增长的现状，本文本着节能创新的思想，设计出了环保节能型空调热水一体机。它是一种使用环保型自然工质——丙烷（R290）作为制冷工质的，并能够回收冷凝热用于制备生活热水的热泵空调装置。它既具有常规热泵空调的制冷、制热功能，同时还可实现制冷兼制热水、制热兼制热水以及单独制热水的功能，可在一年四季内为用户制取60℃左右的生活用热水。首先，本文通过查阅国内外关于冷凝热回收及R22替代的研究现状，从而明确了课题研究的目的及意义；其次，在对比R290、R410A及R22的基本物性及热力性能以及借鉴已较成熟的热回...

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