高速直线电机实验台动态仿真分析

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摘要

近几十年来，在直线电机的研究中投入了大量的人力和物力，取得了众多成

绩。但和直线电机相配应用的机械机构，却一直没有得到足够的研究。本文就是

针对这一点，对直线电机实验台的机构部分进行深入研究。

直线电机的结构简单，运行可靠，性能良好，控制方便等特点使其受到了越

来越多的关注，也得到了越来越广泛的应用。如何确保直线电机实验台满足技术

标准，是现在必须解决的问题。实验台要承载 400 千克的拖架，拖架受到一个瞬

间水平冲击力的作用，冲击力产生的水平加速度是一个 g，速度达到 80 米/秒时受

力结束。也就是说，拖架受到瞬间冲击的时间为 0.163 秒。冲击力强，时间短暂，

但同时还要求刀架的振动偏移量不能太大，否则影响加工的精度和实验需求。

以Pro/ENGINEER 三维软件作为设计工具，创建实验台部件的几何模型，并

进行科学的简化，去除对实验台的机械性能无影响的结构部件。根据实际工况，

添加必要的边界条件，把实验台的几何模型转化为有限元模型进行分析，且使设

计与分析同步进行。直线电机瞬间给实验台以巨大的冲击，产生剧烈的振动。经

过初步设计的直线电机实验台，无法达到需要的技术要求，因此，必须对实验台

进行优化设计。

利用有限元知识，并结合 Pro/ENGINEER 软件的子模块--Pro/MECHANICA，

进行产品的优化设计。在整体模型的有限元分析结果上，通过深入细致的分析和

研究，对模型结构分为五大类进行优化设计。通过优化分析，提高了直线电机实

验台的刚度和强度，使其满足了直线电机在瞬间强冲击力作用下对其的机械性能

要求。动态仿真分析法在直线电机实验台的机械优化设计中的成功应用，为今后

在瞬间承受强冲击作用的机械结构的研究提供了很好的参考价值。

关键词：冲击实验台优化设计 Pro/MECHANICA

ABSTRACT

For tens of years, a mass of manpower and material resources have been plunged

into the research of linear motor, and great achievements have got. However, the

research of supporting mechanical structure haven’t received due attention. Therefore,

based on such kind of situation, this paper will focus on the research of linear motor

worktable's structure.

The linear motor is characterized by simple structure, reliable operation, high

performance and easy control; therefore, it has attracted increasing attention and

become extensively applied. Now the question must be faced is how to guarantee the

linear motor worktable meet the technical standard. The worktable must bear the weight

of 400kg moving-structure which will be pressed by an instant horizontal force, and the

force brings a horizontal acceleration whose value is g, the value of the acceleration is

zero when the speed is 80-meter per second. That is to say, the duration that the

moving-structure being loaded by the instant horizontal force is 0.163 second. Though

the wallop is giant and the duration is short, it must be guaranteed that the blade

adapter's vibrant offset is small; otherwise it will influence the manufacturing accuracy

and testing requirement.

The geometric model of the worktable's components could be built by using the three

dimensional software--Pro/ENGINEER as the design tool, and using scientific

simplification to remove the part which have no influence on the mechanical

performance of the worktable. According to the actual work condition, necessary

boundary conditions should be appended, and before the analysis, we need to turn the

worktable's geometric model into FEA model, and also we must make sure that the

design and analysis will carry out synchronously. The linear motor brings an instant and

giant shock to the worktable, and violent vibration comes into being. The initial

designing linear motor worktable can not meet the technological demand. Therefore, we

must research on the optimal design of the worktable.

Designers can carry out the optimal design of the product by using the knowledge of

FEA and Pro/MECHANICA-- one of the sub modules of Pro/ENGINEER. On the basis

of the FEA analyzing result of the whole model, and through meticulous and thorough

analysis and research, we can carry out the optimal design of the model structure in five

methods. Through optimal design, the stiffness and intensity of the linear motor

worktable will be enhanced, and the demand of the mechanical property when pressed

by an instant giant wallop would be also been met. The dynamic and emulation method

of analysis carry out a successful application in the mechanical optimal design of the

linear motor worktable, and this will provide valuable reference for the research on the

mechanical structure in the case of bearing instant and giant wallop.

Key Words: Shock, Worktable, Optimum Design, Pro/MECHANICA

摘要

ABSTRACT

第一章绪论.....................................................................................................................1

§1.1 课题的来源及研究意义 ...................................................................................... 1

§1.2 冲击与振动 .......................................................................................................... 1

§1.2.1 振动系统的分类.............................................................................................1

§1.2.2 振动形式的分类.............................................................................................2

§1.2.3 冲击.................................................................................................................3

§1.3 有限元简介 .......................................................................................................... 3

§1.3.1 有限元法的概况.............................................................................................3

§1.3.2 有限元法的特点.............................................................................................3

§1.3.3 Pro/ENGINEER 软件的简介.........................................................................4

§1.4 国内外研究现状及发展 ...................................................................................... 5

§1.5 论文的主要研究内容与方案 .............................................................................. 6

第二章振动与控制基础.................................................................................................9

§2.1 瞬态振动 ............................................................................................................... 9

§2.2 振动系统对冲击的响应 ....................................................................................... 9

§2.3 振动系统对任意激扰力的响应 ......................................................................... 12

§2.4 振动的控制 ........................................................................................................ 16

§2.4.1 消除振源......................................................................................................16

§2.4.2 隔离..............................................................................................................17

§2.4.3 减少响应......................................................................................................17

第三章 PRO/MECHANICA 的仿真解析特点 ............................................................ 19

§3.1 引言 ..................................................................................................................... 19

§3.2 有限元法的基本思路与计算步骤 ..................................................................... 19

§3.2.1 有限元法的基本思路...................................................................................19

§3.2.2 有限元法的计算步骤...................................................................................19

§3.3 分析软件 PRO/MECHANICA 的特点 .............................................................. 21

§3.4 PRO/MECHANICA 的两种分析模式 ............................................................... 22

§3.5 PRO/MECHANICA 的分析界面 ....................................................................... 22

§3.6 PRO/MECHANICA 中有限元分析法的操作流程 ........................................... 23

§3.7 在PRO/MECHANICA 中建立分析模型的步骤............................................. 24

§3.7.1 简化模型......................................................................................................24

§3.7.2 材料、约束和载荷的定义..........................................................................25

§3.7.3 理想化模型..................................................................................................26

§3.7.4 连接对..........................................................................................................27

§3.7.5 曲面区域和体积块区域..............................................................................27

第四章直线电机实验台的几何建模及装配...............................................................29

§4.1 引言 .................................................................................................................... 29

§4.2 PRO/E 参数式设计 .............................................................................................29

§4.2.1 Pro/E 参数式设计的特性 ............................................................................ 29

§4.2.2 创建工作目录..............................................................................................30

§4.2.3 单位选择......................................................................................................30

§4.2.4 模型精度......................................................................................................31

§4.3 直线电机实验台的几何建模与装配 ................................................................ 31

§4.3.1 直线电机实验台的底架..............................................................................31

§4.3.2 直线电机实验台的梯形滑块......................................................................32

§4.3.3 横梁与刀架..................................................................................................33

§4.3.4 直线电机实验台的整体装配......................................................................33

§4.4 干涉检查 ............................................................................................................ 34

第五章直线电机实验台的设计与有限元分析...........................................................35

§5.1 有限元模型的建立 ............................................................................................. 35

§5.1.1 模型的前处理..............................................................................................35

§5.1.2 定义材料......................................................................................................36

§5.1.3 定义约束......................................................................................................37

§5.1.4 定义载荷......................................................................................................37

§5.1.5 定义测量项目..............................................................................................37

§5.2 设计与分析同步 ................................................................................................ 39

§5.3 底架初步模型的设计与分析 ............................................................................ 40

§5.3.1 物理条件的设置..........................................................................................40

§5.3.2 网格划分......................................................................................................40

§5.3.3 模态分析......................................................................................................41

§5.3.4 结论..............................................................................................................41

§5.4 底架初步模型的二次分析 ................................................................................ 42

§5.4.1 底架结构模型的再建与分析......................................................................42

§5.4.2 结果分析......................................................................................................43

§5.5 底架结构的二次设计与分析 ............................................................................ 46

§5.5.1 底架结构的再设计......................................................................................46

§5.5.2 底架结构变化前后的一阶固有频率的对比..............................................46

§5.6 整体模型的分析 ................................................................................................ 47

§5.7 设计与分析同步的总结 .................................................................................... 48

第六章：整体模型的仿真优化.....................................................................................53

§6.1 引言 .................................................................................................................... 53

§6.2 整体模型的强化设计与分析 ............................................................................ 53

§6.2.1 底架结构的强化设计与分析......................................................................53

§6.2.2 刀架结构的完善..........................................................................................54

§6.2.3 约束的变化..................................................................................................55

§6.2.4 整体模型强化后的分析..............................................................................55

§6.3 整体模型的优化分析 ........................................................................................ 58

§6.3.1 引言..............................................................................................................58

§6.3.2 横梁的优化..................................................................................................59

§6.3.3 刀板的优化..................................................................................................60

§6.3.4 前板的优化..................................................................................................63

§6.3.5 三角板的优化..............................................................................................65

§6.3.6 梯形板的优化..............................................................................................66

§6.3.7 优化结果的归纳总结..................................................................................69

§6.3.8 优化结果......................................................................................................70

第七章：论文总结与展望.............................................................................................71

§7.1 归纳与结论 ........................................................................................................ 71

§7.2 展望 .................................................................................................................... 72

参考文献.........................................................................................................................73

在读期间公开发表的论文和承担科研项目及取得成果.............................................77

致谢.................................................................................................................................78

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摘要：

摘要近几十年来，在直线电机的研究中投入了大量的人力和物力，取得了众多成绩。但和直线电机相配应用的机械机构，却一直没有得到足够的研究。本文就是针对这一点，对直线电机实验台的机构部分进行深入研究。直线电机的结构简单，运行可靠，性能良好，控制方便等特点使其受到了越来越多的关注，也得到了越来越广泛的应用。如何确保直线电机实验台满足技术标准，是现在必须解决的问题。实验台要承载400千克的拖架，拖架受到一个瞬间水平冲击力的作用，冲击力产生的水平加速度是一个g，速度达到80米/秒时受力结束。也就是说，拖架受到瞬间冲击的时间为0.163秒。冲击力强，时间短暂，但同时还要求刀架的振动偏移量不能太大，否则影响加工...

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