汉语网络会话的性别差异实证研究

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

This thesis would not have been possible without the help of many people. I would

like to take this opportunity to express my sincere thanks to those who have contributed

to the completion of this thesis in one way or another.

First and foremost, I would like to give my many heart-felt thanks to Professor Gao

Jun, my supervisor, for her unswerving support, encouragement and guidance

throughout my study, without which my work would not have been completed. This

thesis would not have been what it is if it weren’t for the timely inspiration she had

given me at different stages of my draft preparation.

Secondly, I would also like to tender my heartfelt gratitude to all the experiment

participants, without their support my research would not have succeeded. Meanwhile,

it is altogether fitting and proper to convey hereby my special thanks to our teacher Lv

Le and Han Geling for their valuable assistance in conducting this study.

I am grateful to express my deep appreciation to my classmates for their shares of

discussion as well as help and encouragement throughout the course of drafting the

thesis.

Last but not least, I would like to acknowledge my special debt to my parents who

suffered through anxieties and many difficulties and still managed to give me their love

and support during my study.

ABSTRACT

With the development and popularization of the Internet, network, as “the 4th

media”, is becoming more and more popular. Out of running for the speed of expression

and the creativity of the language, netizens (i.e. Internet users) tend to make some

changes to the standard language, and compose or coin some words, pictures, numbers,

and emoticons to express what they want to tell in the process of online conversation,

which forms a brand new style of communication – netspeak. Being different from the

written and spoken language, netspeak has become a new form of language variety. As a

matter of fact, such kinds of computer-mediated communication have drawn attention of

many researchers in different fields since its opening to the public in 1990s.

This study tries to find whether there is any difference between women and men's

communication style in Chinese online conversation. And if there is, explain why they

are different. Meanwhile, attempt would also be made to explain its effect on

computer-mediated communication. The study is to be carried out in accordance with

the number of talk amount, minimal response, laughter and emoticon based on the

effective data collected from the Internet. Main results and findings of the study are as

follows:

(1) Men talked more than women by typing more characters in the process of

online conversation. In cross-sex conversations, men averagely contributed

more amounts of characters and mean length of a turn within fewer turns.

(2) Men were found to use less minimal responses than women. And the difference

was much more significant in cross-sex conversations.

(3) Men generally laughed more frequently than women and seemed to laugh

harder than women did.

(4) Men were found to use much more emoticons to express emotions than women.

However, using large quantities of emoticons was more of a personal activity in

online conversations.

The result of the study shows that in cyberspace, men are playing the role that is

usually played by women in real life, that is, men tried to use the same minimal

responses as women and actually laughed much more frequent to support their

iii

interlocutors in online conversations. The implication that the present study carries is

that men tend to adjust their language behavior according to the setting of the

conversation.

Keywords: Online Conversation, Gender Difference, Netspeak,

Communication Style

摘要

随着因特网的发展与普及，网络作为“第四媒体”，受到越来越多的青睐与关

注。上网者出于对表达速度和个性化语言的追求，在网络会话中将汉语、英语的

一些词汇加工改造，并把文字、图片、数字、符号等进行链接和镶嵌，从而形成

带有明显网络时代特征的“网络语言”。网络语言既有别于书面语又有别于口语,

形成了一种新的语言变体。自二十世纪九十年代因特网向大众开放后，这种以计

算机和网络为媒介的交流吸引了各个领域众多学者的关注。

本研究试图发现汉语网络会话中男女在交流方式上是否存有差异，如果存在

差异，其原因又是什么。同时，试图解释这种性别差异对网络交流所产生的影响。

作者从谈话量，最少应答，微笑以及表情符号四个方面对网上所收集的有效聊天

信息进行全面系统的分析，并得到如下分析结果：

(1) 网络会话中男性的谈话量普遍高于女性。在与异性的交流中，男性谈话中

的用词量更多，接话单位的数量却较少，因此谈话的平均长度更长。

(2) 男性的使用最少应答的频率低于女性，在异性交流中表现得更为显著。

(3) 男性使用微笑的频率高于女性，微笑的程度似乎也更为热烈。

(4) 男性使用表情符号表达情感的频率明显高于女性，但是网络会话表情符号

的大量使用则更多地表现为个人行为。

本研究结果表明，男性在网络会话中所扮演的角色与女性在实际生活中所扮

演的角色相似，即男性尽可能在最少应答方面使用与女性相同的频率，并且通过

微笑的方式来维持对话继续进行的频率要明显高于女性。男性与女性在网络会话

与现实生活中表现出来的交流方式的差异源自于男性为使其语言行为适应网络会

话情境的需要。

关键词：网络会话性别差异网络语言交流方式

CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................ i

ABSTRACT .....................................................................................................................ii

摘要 ............................................................................................................................... iv

Chapter One Introduction ............................................................................................. 1

§1.1 Background of the Study .......................................................................................1

§1.2 The General Purpose and Research Methodology of This Study ......................... 2

§1.3 The Organization of the Thesis ............................................................................. 3

Chapter Two An Overview on Gender Difference and Netspeak .............................. 5

§2.1 Language and Gender ............................................................................................5

§2.1.1 Establishment of Gender’s Definition ............................................................ 5

§2.1.2 Gender Roles and Stereotypes ........................................................................6

§2.1.3 The Relationship between Language and Gender .......................................... 7

§2.1.4 Communication Styles and Gender Differences ............................................ 8

§2.2 Previous Studies of Netspeak ..............................................................................10

§2.2.1 Establishment of Netspeak’s Definition ....................................................... 11

§2.2.2 Studies on Netspeak ......................................................................................12

§2.3 Summary ............................................................................................................. 14

Chapter Three Data Collection and Research Variables ..........................................16

§3.1 Subjects of the Study ...........................................................................................16

§3.2 Instruments and Process of the Study ................................................................. 17

§3.3 Variables of the Study ......................................................................................... 18

§3.3.1 Talk Amount .................................................................................................18

§3.3.2 Minimal Response ........................................................................................ 19

§3.3.3 Laughter ........................................................................................................19

§3.3.4 Emoticon .......................................................................................................20

§3.4 Research Methodology ........................................................................................20

Chapter Four Gender Differences in Chinese Online Conversation ....................... 22

§4.1 Brief Introduction to Netspeak ............................................................................22

§4.1.1 Emoticon: the Paralanguage of Netspeak ..................................................... 22

§4.1.2 Creative Language Use: the Most Creative Word-formation .......................24

§4.2 Talk Amount ....................................................................................................... 27

§4.3 Minimal Response ...............................................................................................32

§4.4 Laughter .............................................................................................................. 36

§4.5 Emoticon ............................................................................................................. 41

§4.6 Summary ............................................................................................................. 45

Chapter Five Conclusion ..............................................................................................50

§5.1 Major Findings of the Study ................................................................................50

§5.2 Limitations of the Study ...................................................................................... 51

§5.3 Suggestions for Future Research .........................................................................53

Bibliography .................................................................................................................. 55

在校期间公开发表的论文 ............................................................................................ 58

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摘要：

iACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThisthesiswouldnothavebeenpossiblewithoutthehelpofmanypeople.Iwouldliketotakethisopportunitytoexpressmysincerethankstothosewhohavecontributedtothecompletionofthisthesisinonewayoranother.Firstandforemost,Iwouldliketogivemymanyheart-feltthankstoProfessorGaoJun,mysupervisor,forherunswe...

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