快速路网交通管理策略仿真评价研究

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3.0 牛悦 2024-11-19 4 4 1.5MB 67 页 15积分
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快速路网在城市交通网络中起骨架作用。快速路网交通拥挤和环境污染日益
严峻,是许多城市面临的问题。目前国内外评价交通管理策略多是以缓解拥堵为
目标,很少兼顾环境效益,如机动车尾气排放COHCNOx和燃油消耗。
着绿色交通、低碳交通理念增强,对交通管理策略的环境效益的评价更加受学术
界关注。
利用可变情报板(VMS)发布行程时间信息,利用车载导航系统(IVNS)提
供实时最优路径,是提升城市交通管理效率的有效手段。本文综合运用交通流理
论与环境工程的先进成果,以宏观交通流模型与机动车排放及燃油消耗模型为理
论基础,借助计算机仿真技术,开发交通仿真系统,用以评价VMS行程时间诱导
IVNS路径诱导两种动态交通管理策略的交通效益和环境效益。具体地,采用宏
观网络交通流仿真模型METANET和基于速度的机动车排放和燃油消耗模型,结合
算例路网开发仿真程序,考察驾驶员的信息关注率和信息理解偏差程度等参数对
VMS行程时间诱导效益的影响,评价环境效益,以及节能减排的经济效益;采用
METANET和基于速度-加速度的机动车排放和燃油消耗模型,结合算例路网开发
仿真系统,考察IVNS对路网交通运行效率的影响,评价环境效益,并从交通效益
和环境效益两方面探讨IVNS市场渗透率的合理取值范围。
论文工作旨在为交通管理部门设计、评价快速路动态交通管理策略措施,促
进排堵保畅、节能减排,提供理论依据和技术参考。
关键词:交通管理策略 评价方法 宏观交通仿真 环境效益 交通效益
可变情报板 行程时间 车载导航系统 快速路网
ABSTRACT
Freeway network is an important transportation carrier in the city. Traffic
congestion and environment pollution of freeway network become more and more
serious. Many cities face these problems. Releasing traffic congestion is the main
goal of traffic management strategy evaluation, but environment pollution is rarely
considered, such as vehicle emission(COHCNOx) and fuel consumption. With the
enhancing awareness of green transportation and low carbon transportation, academe
takes more attention to environmental benefits evaluation of traffic management
strategy.
Utilizing variable message sign (VMS) to display travel time and using in-vehicle
navigation system (IVNS) to provide real-time optimum route are effective measures
to improve city’s traffic management efficiency. In order to evaluate traffic benefit
and environmental benefit of two dynamic traffic management strategies: travel time
guidance displayed by VMS and IVNS route guidance, this thesis develops traffic
simulation system, which combines application of advanced achievements of traffic
flow theory and environment engineering, bases on macroscopic traffic flow model
and vehicle emission and fuel consumption models, and uses computer simulation
technology. Specifically, simulation system is developed adopting macroscopic traffic
simulation model METANET and vehicle emission and fuel consumption models
about speed combined with example network to investigate the relationship between
guidance benefit of travel time and drivers’ information concerned rate and the
relationship between guidance benefit of travel time and constant that scales the
perceived travel time, evaluate environmental benefit, and calculate the direct
economic benefits in terms of air pollutant treatment cost saving and fuel
consumption; simulation system is developed adopting macroscopic traffic simulation
model METANET and vehicle emission and fuel consumption models about
speed-acceleration combined with example network to investigate IVNS’ impact on
traffic benefit, evaluation environmental benefit, and investigate the reasonable range
of IVNS’s market penetration rate considering both traffic benefit and
environmental benefit.
The study of this thesis aims at providing the theory basis and technical support
for traffic management department to design and evaluate dynamic traffic
management strategies so as to eliminate congestion and meet energy conservation
and pollution reduction targets.
Key words: traffic management strategy, evaluation approach,
macroscopic traffic simulation, environmental benefit,
traffic benefit, variable message sign, travel time,
in-vehicle navigation system, freeway network
中文摘要
ABSTRACT
第一章 绪论 ....................................................................................................................1
§1.1 研究背景与意义................................................................................................... 1
§1.2 国内外研究现状................................................................................................... 3
§1.2.1 交通管理策略研究现状 ................................................................................ 3
§1.2.2 交通仿真模型研究现状 ................................................................................ 7
§1.2.3 机动车排放和燃油消耗研究现状 ................................................................ 8
§1.3 研究切入点与研究内容..................................................................................... 10
第二章 快速路网交通管理策略仿真评价理论基础 ..................................................13
§2.1 基于宏观交通仿真的快速路网交通管理策略评价方法................................. 13
§2.2 宏观动态网络交通流模型................................................................................. 14
§2.3 路网交通效益评价指标..................................................................................... 16
§2.4 路网环境效益评价原理..................................................................................... 17
§2.4.1 基于宏观交通仿真的快速路网交通管理策略环境效益评价方法 .......... 17
§2.4.2 基于速度的排放和油耗模型 ...................................................................... 18
§2.4.3 基于速度-加速度的排放和油耗模型......................................................... 19
§2.5 本章小节............................................................................................................. 20
第三章 VMS行程时间诱导效益分析 .........................................................................21
§3.1 基于宏观交通仿真的VMS行程时间诱导效益分析思路 ................................ 21
§3.2 行程时间计算模型与驾驶员信息响应模型..................................................... 22
§3.3 VMS行程时间诱导效益分析仿真系统设计 .................................................... 24
§3.4 仿真案例分析 .................................................................................................... 26
§3.4.1 仿真条件设定 .............................................................................................. 26
§3.4.2 交通效益仿真分析 ...................................................................................... 27
§3.4.3 环境效益仿真分析 ...................................................................................... 31
§3.5 本章小节............................................................................................................. 32
第四章 车载导航系统路径诱导效益仿真分析 ..........................................................34
§4.1IVNS路径诱导原理 ............................................................................................ 34
§4.2 动态用户最优交通分配 .................................................................................... 36
§4.3 仿真案例分析..................................................................................................... 37
§4.3.1 仿真条件设定 .............................................................................................. 37
§4.3.2 IVNS诱导模型的参数取值讨论................................................................. 39
§4.3.3 IVNS路径诱导的网络运行效益分析......................................................... 39
§4.3.4 IVNS市场渗透率分析................................................................................. 45
§4.4 本章小结............................................................................................................. 51
第五章 结论与展望 ......................................................................................................52
§5.1 论文的主要研究结论......................................................................................... 52
§5.2 展望..................................................................................................................... 53
参考文献 ........................................................................................................................54
在读期间公开发表的论文和承担科研项目 ................................................................61
........................................................................................................................63
图表目录
1- 1 各种排放清单的数据特点和应用尺度....................................................... 9
1- 2 排放模型分类............................................................................................. 10
1- 3 本文技术路线图......................................................................................... 12
2- 1 基于宏观交通仿真的快速路网管理策略评价方法................................. 14
2- 2 基于宏观交通仿真的快速路网交通管理策略环境效益评价方法......... 18
2- 3 METANE模型中的交通流示意图 ............................................................ 19
3- 1 基于宏观交通仿真的VMS行程时间诱导效益分析思路 ........................ 21
3- 2 路网示意图................................................................................................. 22
3- 3 路段检测线圈布置示意图......................................................................... 22
3- 4 行程时间计算示意图................................................................................. 23
3- 5 VMS行程时间诱导效益分析仿真系统界面()...................................... 25
3- 6 VMS行程时间诱导效益分析仿真系统界面()...................................... 25
3- 7 仿真系统导出的EXCEL表格.................................................................... 26
3- 8 仿真路网和入口需求时变轨迹图............................................................. 27
3- 9 1.0=
α
0.11.0 to=
ε
下的TTS改善率(小型路网)................................ 28
3- 10 3.0=
α
0.11.0 to=
ε
下的TTS改善率(小型路网) ............................. 28
3- 11 08.0=
α
0.11.0 to=
ε
下的TTS改善率(中型路网) ........................... 29
3- 12 8.0=
ε
11.0 to=
α
下的TTS改善率(中型路网) ................................. 30
3- 13 01.0=
α
0.11.0 to=
ε
下的TTS改善率(大型路网)............................ 30
3- 14 9.0=
ε
,驾驶员理解偏差程度对TTS改善率的影响(大型路网) ....... 31
4- 1 IVNS路径诱导运行结构 ........................................................................... 34
4- 2 IVNS路径诱导运行结构 ........................................................................... 36
4-3 仿真路网..................................................................................................... 38
4- 4 损益值......................................................................................................... 38
4- 5 IVNS路径诱导分析仿真系统 ................................................................... 40
4- 6 不控制时路网交通状态全局图................................................................. 41
4- 7 速度时变轨迹图......................................................................................... 42
4- 8 密度时变轨迹图......................................................................................... 42
摘要:

摘要快速路网在城市交通网络中起骨架作用。快速路网交通拥挤和环境污染日益严峻,是许多城市面临的问题。目前国内外评价交通管理策略多是以缓解拥堵为目标,很少兼顾环境效益,如机动车尾气排放(CO、HC、NOx)和燃油消耗。随着绿色交通、低碳交通理念增强,对交通管理策略的环境效益的评价更加受学术界关注。利用可变情报板(VMS)发布行程时间信息,利用车载导航系统(IVNS)提供实时最优路径,是提升城市交通管理效率的有效手段。本文综合运用交通流理论与环境工程的先进成果,以宏观交通流模型与机动车排放及燃油消耗模型为理论基础,借助计算机仿真技术,开发交通仿真系统,用以评价VMS行程时间诱导与IVNS路径诱导两种...

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作者:牛悦 分类:高等教育资料 价格:15积分 属性:67 页 大小:1.5MB 格式:PDF 时间:2024-11-19

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