起重机敏捷设计平台研究

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3.0 赵德峰 2024-11-19 4 4 13.41MB 117 页 15积分

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摘要

由于订单参数、配套件、市场等多种因素，大部分起重机产品的设计属于面

向订单设计。对于面向订单设计类起重机，传统的设计方法是借用相似历史合同，

修改历史合同，“设计”出符合具体订单参数的起重机。这种设计模式是一项复

杂的重复劳动，设计出的起重机结构不合理，浪费严重。

通过对面向订单设计类起重机设计方法的研究，笔者提出了一种全新的起重

机设计模式——起重机敏捷设计。这种设计方法按照设计流程可以划分为五个基

本模块：内部委托单、机构选型与结构计算模块、报价系统、数字化设计与工程

图优化模块、文档与数据管理平台，其中数字化设计与工程图优化模块是整个系

统的核心。

起重机敏捷设计平台在数字化设计方面运用到三个方面的关键技术：数字化

设计软件、模块化技术以及参数化技术。数字化设计软件具有导入合同参数、创

建合同文档、模型参数驱动等功能；起重机模块化技术是把起重机拆分成若干模

块及若干子模块的一种技术。模块化技术的原则是同一级模块之间留有一定的接

口，同类模块之间在一定条件下具有互换性。模块化技术有利于实现产品的多样

化；起重机参数化技术是将起重机零部件以及模块中的定量信息变量化，使之成

为任意调整的参数的一种技术。参数化技术的优点是对于变量化参数赋予不同数

值，就可得到不同大小和形状的零部件或者模块。参数化技术是变形设计的基础。

起重机零部件标准化与起重机敏捷设计密切相关。国外起重机标准化程度较

高，而且执行的很好；国内起重机标准化程度较低，而且执行力度不够。起重机

标准化工作的开展有利于保证设计的准确性；有利于减少设计的工作量；有利于

提高设计的效率；有利于降低生产成本，提高了生成效率。

起重机敏捷设计平台中，基于模板参照的工程图经常出现位置与内容等方面

的问题，这些问题主要体现在视图比例、视图位置、尺寸位置、尺寸精度、注解

位置、注解内容、线形比例等方面。对于这些问题，笔者提出了基于添加辅助线

（点）装配草图的数字化工程图模板的制作方法；以SolidWorks工程图API为工具，

结合Access数据库技术，很好地解决了这些问题；在工程图的处理过程中采用了

数据库技术，使得该方法简单精确，容易操作，有利于该技术的实施。

起重机敏捷设计平台中PDM思想的应用主要体现在三个方面：文档管理、数据

管理与协同设计。文档管理要实现的功能有模型发布、模型引用以及模型文档的

查看功能；数据管理要实现的功能有数据发布、数据引用以及数据查看功能；协

同设计基于模型引用、数据引用实现的。

起重机敏捷设计平台彻底改变了国内普遍采用的起重机传统设计模式，采用

这种设计模式，将是对公司现有ERP系统的冲击。首先要解决的问题就是与ERP系

统的连接问题，导出中间表格与中间数据可以很好地解决这些问题。

关键词：起重机敏捷设计面向订单设计数字化设计模块化设计

参数化设计标准化工程图优化 PDM ERP

ABSTRACT

For the reason of different order parameters, different bought-in components, the

market and so on, most of cranes product's design are Engineer-to-Order. The

traditional design method of these Engineer-to-Order cranes is simply revising the

similar historical contract, and though this way, the designers “design” the concrete

craner for order parameters. This kind of design pattern is an item of complex

redundant work, the crane structure is unreasonable, and could make serious waste.

Through the reseach of design method for these Engineer-to-Order cranes, I

proposed a new crane design method - Crane agile design. In accordance with the

design process, this design method can be divided into five basic modules: Within

Commission, Mechanism and Structure Calculation Module Selection, Quotation

System, Digital Design and Drawing’S Optimization Module, Document and Data

Management Platform, Digital Design and Drawing’S Optimization Module is the core

of the system.

In the digitized design aspect, three aspect key technologies are employed in the

crane agile design system: Digitized Design Software, Modular Technology and

Parametrization Technology. The Digitized Design Software has organized functions

such as contract parameter migration, foundation contract documents, model parameter

actuation and so on. The Crane Modulation Technology is one kind of technology

which divides the crane into certain modules and certain submodule. The Modular

Technology's principle is leeway certain connection with the same-level module,

between the similar modules has the interchangeability under the controlled condition.

The Modular Technology is advantageous in realizes the product diversification.The

Crane Parametrization Technology is one kind of technology which changes

quantification in the crane part and in the module into parametrization, and let

parameter becomes adjusts willfully. The Parametrization Technology's merit is make

the shape-change design became possible.

Crane part standardization and crane agile design are closely related. The overseas

crane standardization is in high level, and has been carried out vell.The domestic crane

standardization level is low, and has been carried out vell insufficiently. The crane

standardization work's development is advantageous to the guarantee design accuracy;

advantageous in the reduced design work load; advantageous in the enhancement

design efficiencyand; advantageous in reduces the production costandraised the

production efficiency.

In the crane agile design system, the drawing which based on the template always

with problems on many aspects,such as position and content and so on, these questions

mainly manifest in the view proportion, the view position, the size position, the size

precision, explain aspects and so on position, illustration content, linear proportion. In

order to solve this problem, the method of making digital Drawing template based on

Assembly Draft with addition line (point) was proposed.Take SolidWorks drawings

API as a tool, unifies the Access data bank technology, these problems has been solved

well. Database Technology was employed during the whole process, which is

conducive to the implementation of the technology and makes the method simple and

precise, easy to operate.

In the crane agile design system the PDM idea's application mainly manifests in

three aspects: Documents management, data management and coordination design. The

documents administration realize there functions: model issue, model quotation and the

model documents examination function.The data management realize there functions:

data issue, data quotation as well as the data examination function.The coordination

design based on the model quotation and the data quotation.

The crane agile design system, if being emplayed, will totally change the tradition

design pattern, which is widely used in our country at present. It will be impact to the

company existing ERP system.the first problem is crane agile design systems

connection with the ERP systems, derives the middle form and the middle datas from

crane agile design system for ERP system may solve these problems well.

Key Words：Crane, Agile Design, Engineer-to-Order, Digital Design,

Modular Design, Parameterization Design,

Standardization，Drawing’S Optimization, PDM, ERP

中文摘要

ABSTRACT

第一章绪论.....................................................................................................................1

§1.1 研究背景及研究意义........................................................................................1

§1.2 国内外研究现状................................................................................................2

§1.2.1 国内外起重机设计概况.........................................................................2

§1.2.2 国内起重机设计现状.............................................................................3

§1.3 本文的主要研究内容.......................................................................................7

第二章面向订单设计类起重机设计方法研究.............................................................9

§2.1 面向订单设计的概念.......................................................................................9

§2.1.1 大批量定制..............................................................................................9

§2.1.2 面向订单设计........................................................................................10

§2.2 面向订单设计类产品敏捷设计系统敏捷设计流程.....................................10

§2.2.1 传统设计方法设计流程.......................................................................10

§2.2.2 面向订单设计类产品敏捷设计系统敏捷设计流程...........................11

§2.3 起重机敏捷设计平台设计主要模块.............................................................13

第三章起重机敏捷设计平台数字化设计关键技术研究...........................................17

§3.1 起重机数字化设计技术研究.........................................................................17

§3.1.1 零件库...................................................................................................17

§3.1.2 数据库...................................................................................................19

§3.1.3 模板库...................................................................................................19

§3.1.4 项目汇总...............................................................................................22

§3.2 起重机模块化技术研究.................................................................................22

§3.2.1 起重机模块化的必要性.......................................................................22

§3.2.2 起重机模块化实例...............................................................................24

§3.2.3 起重机敏捷设计平台模块化...............................................................25

§3.3 起重机参数化技术研究.................................................................................26

§3.3.1 参数化设计在 CAD 中的应用............................................................ 26

§3.3.2 SolidWorks 参数化实现方法 ............................................................... 26

§3.3.3 起重机参数化与模块化之间的关系...................................................30

§3.4 起重机数字化设计难点探讨.........................................................................31

§3.4.1 机构模型构建方法...............................................................................31

§3.4.2 焊接件的建模及其参数化...................................................................35

§3.4.3 装配体中同名文件的问题...................................................................38

§3.4.4 减速器建模原则及调用方法...............................................................40

第四章起重机敏捷设计与起重机零部件标准化.......................................................42

§4.1 起重机标准化的现状......................................................................................42

§4.2 国内起重机标准化方面面临的困难.............................................................42

§4.2.1 客户要求的多样化...............................................................................42

§4.2.2 配套产品的多样化...............................................................................43

§4.2.3 起重机用户消费误区以及由此引发的行业行业畸形发展................45

§4.3 起重机标准化在起重机敏捷设计平台中的作用.........................................45

§4.3.1 起重机参数化设计与起重机标准化的关系.......................................45

§4.3.2 起重机零部件标准化与设计准确性...................................................46

§4.3.3 起重机零部件标准化与设计工作量...................................................47

§4.3.4 起重机零部件标准化与设计效率.......................................................47

§4.3.5 起重机零部件标准化与生产...............................................................48

§4.3.6 起重机敏捷设计与起重机标准化的结合...........................................49

第五章起重机敏捷设计平台中工程图技术研究.......................................................50

§5.1 工程图技术在起重机敏捷设计平台中的作用.............................................50

§5.2 制作工程图模板.............................................................................................51

§5.3 起重机敏捷设计平台中工程图经常出现的问题.........................................52

§5.4 工程图技术.....................................................................................................53

§5.4.1 视图比例及其位置调整.......................................................................53

§5.4.2 尺寸标注优化.......................................................................................60

§5.4.3 零件序号优化.......................................................................................66

§5.4.4 注释优化...............................................................................................68

§5.4.5 形位公差符号优化...............................................................................72

§5.4.6 表面粗糙度符号优化...........................................................................75

§5.4.7 焊接符号优化.......................................................................................77

§5.5 工程图输出.....................................................................................................79

§5.5.1 视图比例问题.......................................................................................79

§5.5.2 线形比例问题.......................................................................................81

第六章起重机敏捷设计平台中 PDM 思想的应用及其与 ERP 系统的连接 ...........83

§6.1 PDM 在起重机敏捷设计平台中的应用 ........................................................83

§6.1.1 PDM 简介 ..............................................................................................83

§6.1.2 PDM 思想在系统中的运用 ..................................................................83

§6.1.3 文档管理方法探索...............................................................................85

§6.2 起重机协同设计的实现.................................................................................86

§6.3 起重机敏捷设计平台与 ERP 系统的连接 ................................................... 86

§6.3.1 ERP 简介 ............................................................................................... 86

§6.3.2 本系统与 ERP 系统的连接 ................................................................. 86

§6.4 材料明细表.....................................................................................................87

第七章起重机敏捷设计平台实例...............................................................................89

§7.1 订单处理.........................................................................................................89

§7.2 计算选型与报价.............................................................................................89

§7.2.1 通用计算选型模块...............................................................................89

§7.2.2 专用计算选型模块...............................................................................90

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摘要：

摘要由于订单参数、配套件、市场等多种因素，大部分起重机产品的设计属于面向订单设计。对于面向订单设计类起重机，传统的设计方法是借用相似历史合同，修改历史合同，“设计”出符合具体订单参数的起重机。这种设计模式是一项复杂的重复劳动，设计出的起重机结构不合理，浪费严重。通过对面向订单设计类起重机设计方法的研究，笔者提出了一种全新的起重机设计模式——起重机敏捷设计。这种设计方法按照设计流程可以划分为五个基本模块：内部委托单、机构选型与结构计算模块、报价系统、数字化设计与工程图优化模块、文档与数据管理平台，其中数字化设计与工程图优化模块是整个系统的核心。起重机敏捷设计平台在数字化设计方面运用到三个方面的关...

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