汽车前照灯全自动视觉检测系统

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3.0 赵德峰 2024-11-19 4 4 3.74MB 79 页 15积分
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摘 要
汽车前照灯视觉检测系统是为了实现前照灯发光强度和光束照射位置的检测
而进行的一项研究课题。前照灯是汽车夜间行驶的“眼睛”，直接关系到行车安全，
因此整车前照灯的检测是十分重要和必要的。新型前照灯的迅速发展和应用，对
前照灯的检测技术有了更高的要求。本文依据国家标准，研究了新的检测方法，
建立了前照灯的视觉检测系统，提高了检测的准确性、可靠性和实时性。
本文主要进行了以下几个方面的研究：确定汽车前照灯的检测方案；前照灯
的自动跟踪对准算法；前照灯灯高的测量；前照灯发光强度和光束照射位置的测
量；以及汽车摆放偏角的求解和检测结果的修正。
首先，研究汽车前照灯的检测原理，确定了基于机器视觉技术的前照灯检测
方案，采用了工控机检测系统和检测结果的修正方法。
其次，研究了跟踪技术在汽车前照灯自动跟踪对准中的应用。检测仪先通过
光电二极管阵列进行前照灯的模糊定位，当检测仪采集到前照灯发光体影像后，
采用图像跟踪技术进行精确定位并求取灯高，从而保证了前照灯的照射光线尽可
能多的进入检测仪受光箱。
再次，研究了图像处理技术在前照灯发光强度和光束照射位置检测中的应用。
发光强度的检测基于图像的灰度信息，不同灰度对应了不同的发光强度。应用不
同的图像处理方法分别对远光和近光图像进行处理，求取远光发光强度分布最大
点和近光明暗截止线的拐点，最后获得远光和近光光束照射位置的方位角。
最后，研究了汽车摆放偏角的求解方法。应用图像处理方法获得汽车的边缘
轮廓线，再应用数学方法求取汽车的纵向轴线，得到汽车的摆放偏角，对光束照
射位置的水平方位角加以修正。
本课题所研究的汽车前照灯视觉检测系统实现了前照灯的快速和精确检测，
具有较强的应用价值。
关键词：前照灯 机器视觉 图像处理 修正
ABSTRACT
The automobile headlamp vision detection system aims at detecting the luminous
intensity and beam direction of headlamp. Headlamp is the eye of a moving car at night,
and it is directly related to traffic safety, so the detection of headlamp is very important
and necessary. The rapid development and application of new headlamp requires new
detection technology. This article studies a new detection method, establishes a visual
detection system based on national standards. This system improves the accuracy and
reliability of the headlamp detection.
This article mainly makes study from the following aspects: the detecting principle
of headlamp, the automatic tracking and aligning algorithm of headlamp, the height
measurement of headlamp, the luminous intensity and beam direction measurement of
headlamp, the solution of automobile’s declination and results correction.
Firstly, study the detection principle of automobile headlamp. This headlamp
detection system adopts the detecting method based on machine vision technique, uses
the industrial control computer and applies the result correction method.
Secondly, study the application of tracking technology in the automobile headlamp
detection. First, headlamp was faintly positioned by the photodiode arrays. When the
detector gets the image of headlamp, headlamp can be precisely positioned by the image
tracking technology. So it carries out headlamp’s automatic tracking and aligning.
Thereby headlamp’s light was irradiated into the light-box of detector as much as
possible.
Thirdly, study the application of image processing technology in the detection of
luminous intensity and beam direction. The detection of luminous intensity is based on
the image gray information. Different gray-scale corresponds to different intensity. High
beam image and low beam image was processed respectively by using different image
processing methods, then the azimuth angles were got respectively.
Finally, get the automobile’s declination. Apply image processing methods to
obtain the edge of automobile contour, and use mathematical methods to obtain the
automobile’s vertical axis, then get the declination and correct the horizontal azimuth.
This automobile headlamp visual detection system is rapid and accurate, and can
be applied into practice.
Key Word: Headlamp, Machine Vision, Image Processing, Correction
目 录
中文摘要
ABSTRACT
第一章 绪 论.................................................................................................................1
§1.1 引言....................................................................................................................1
§1.2 汽车前照灯的发展............................................................................................1
§1.3 前照灯的检测标准............................................................................................1
§1.3.1 前照灯发光强度的标准..........................................................................2
§1.3.2 前照灯光束照射位置的标准..................................................................2
§1.4 前照灯检测技术的发展....................................................................................3
§1.4.1 机器视觉技术的应用..............................................................................3
§1.4.2 结果修正技术的应用..............................................................................4
§1.5 本课题研究的目的和意义................................................................................5
§1.6 本文的主要工作................................................................................................5
第二章 前照灯检测系统的总体设计...........................................................................7
§2.1 检测原理............................................................................................................7
§2.1.1 前照灯的检测方式..................................................................................7
§2.1.2 全自动检测仪的对准方式......................................................................8
§2.1.3 基于机器视觉技术的前照灯检测原理................................................10
§2.2 系统选型及分析..............................................................................................12
§2.2.1 基于嵌入式系统的前照灯检测仪........................................................12
§2.2.2 基于工控机的前照灯检测仪................................................................12
§2.3 系统的结构设计..............................................................................................13
§2.3.1 系统结构原理........................................................................................13
§2.3.2 本检测仪的外形结构............................................................................14
§2.3.3 本检测仪的系统构成............................................................................15
§2.4 系统的硬件设计..............................................................................................18
§2.4.1 硬件组成................................................................................................18
§2.4.2 硬件的抗干扰措施................................................................................19
第三章 前照灯的自动跟踪对准.................................................................................20
§3.1 模糊定位..........................................................................................................20
§3.2 图像跟踪技术..................................................................................................20
§3.2.1 对比度跟踪算法....................................................................................21
§3.2.2 图像相关跟踪算法................................................................................21
§3.3 形心跟踪算法的应用......................................................................................22
§3.3.1 获取目标区域........................................................................................22
§3.3.2 图像分割和二值化................................................................................23
§3.3.3 区域生长法............................................................................................24
§3.3.4 形心的选取............................................................................................26
§3.4 远光灯自动跟踪对准的实现..........................................................................27
§3.5 近光灯自动跟踪对准的实现..........................................................................29
§3.6 灯高的测量......................................................................................................30
第四章 前照灯远光和近光的检测.............................................................................32
§4.1 检测项目..........................................................................................................32
§4.1.1 远光和近光的特点分析........................................................................32
§4.1.2 发光强度的检测....................................................................................32
§4.1.3 光束照射位置的检测............................................................................33
§4.2 数字图像处理算法的应用..............................................................................34
§4.2.1 图像的获取............................................................................................34
§4.2.2 图像的预处理........................................................................................35
§4.3 远光光束照射位置和发光强度的检测..........................................................42
§4.3.1 远光发光强度的求解............................................................................43
§4.3.2 远光光束照射方位角的求解................................................................44
§4.4 近光光束照射位置的检测..............................................................................45
§4.4.1 基于模糊增强的边缘提取算法............................................................47
§4.4.2 明暗截止线特征点的搜索....................................................................50
§4.4.3 明暗截止线的曲线拟合........................................................................51
§4.4.4 近光光束照射方位角的求解................................................................53
第五章 光束照射方位角的修正.................................................................................54
§5.1 汽车俯视图像的获取......................................................................................54
§5.2 求解汽车摆放偏角的图像处理算法..............................................................54
§5.2.1 获取汽车轮廓线....................................................................................54
§5.2.2 汽车摆放偏角的求解............................................................................57
§5.3 远光和近光光束照射方位角的修正..............................................................60
第六章 实验过程和检测结果.....................................................................................62
§6.1 实验过程..........................................................................................................62
§6.1.1 像素点所代表的屏幕实际距离的标定................................................62
§6.1.2 图像灰度与照度的匹配........................................................................62
§6.2 前照灯的检测流程..........................................................................................63
§6.3 检测系统的误差分析......................................................................................64
§6.3.1 系统误差................................................................................................64
§6.3.2 随机误差................................................................................................65
第七章 成果及展望.....................................................................................................66
§7.1 论文的主要成果..............................................................................................66
§7.1.1 本论文的主要研究内容........................................................................66
§7.1.2 本系统的创新点....................................................................................66
§7.1.3 心得体会................................................................................................67
§7.2 展望..................................................................................................................68
参考文献.........................................................................................................................69
在读期间公开发表的论文和承担科研项目及取得成果.............................................71
致 谢...............................................................................................................................73
摘要：

摘要汽车前照灯视觉检测系统是为了实现前照灯发光强度和光束照射位置的检测而进行的一项研究课题。前照灯是汽车夜间行驶的“眼睛”，直接关系到行车安全，因此整车前照灯的检测是十分重要和必要的。新型前照灯的迅速发展和应用，对前照灯的检测技术有了更高的要求。本文依据国家标准，研究了新的检测方法，建立了前照灯的视觉检测系统，提高了检测的准确性、可靠性和实时性。本文主要进行了以下几个方面的研究：确定汽车前照灯的检测方案；前照灯的自动跟踪对准算法；前照灯灯高的测量；前照灯发光强度和光束照射位置的测量；以及汽车摆放偏角的求解和检测结果的修正。首先，研究汽车前照灯的检测原理，确定了基于机器视觉技术的前照灯检测方案，...

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作者：赵德峰 分类：高等教育资料 价格：15积分 属性：79 页 大小：3.74MB 格式：PDF 时间：2024-11-19

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