钢球磨煤机制粉系统特性试验研究

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3.0 侯斌 2024-11-19 4 4 5.68MB 56 页 15积分
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加量、钢球配比和煤质等,设计并安装了一套实验用钢球磨煤机制粉系统,并利用它
进行实验,研究分析以上因素对钢球磨煤机的具体影响。发现了一些钢球磨煤机运行
的新特点。这些特点是:通风温度的变化改变了空气比容和粘度,而这两者的变化改
变了所产煤粉的细度,并对破碎能量在不同粒径的颗粒间的分配比例产生了重要影
响,但对制粉出力影响不大;由于煤粉不同粒径颗粒含量相差很大,钢球磨煤机制粉
出力并非随着风量的增加而持续增大。风量只有增加到某一程度,能够带动含量高的
颗粒时,才会显著改变煤粉细度;不同大小的钢球对于煤粉的作用原理不同,大钢球
主要对煤粉造成冲击作用,小钢球则主要产生研磨作用。因此不同大小钢球的合理配
比对保证出力和适当的煤粉细度和较好的煤粉粒度分布均匀性有重要意义。钢球配比
应遵循的原则是:大钢球的破碎能力和小钢球的研磨能力相平衡,使大部分煤都经历
破碎和研磨两个阶段;在最佳钢球添加量的条件下,不仅出力最大,且煤粉细度和粒
度分布均匀性也比较理想。在不同的钢球添加量下,煤粉平均粒径变化相对于煤粉细
度和比表面积的变化要小得多;
最后,对磨煤机内钢球磨损规律做了实验研究。发现在相同材质条件下,钢球的
磨损不仅与其比表面积有关,还与其碰撞力大小有关。大钢球的质量大,并且在离心
力的作用下,比较靠近筒壁,因此其下落高度也相对较大,因此其碰撞力也大,这使
其磨损也较严重。最后根据所得实验数据,拟合得到了钢球磨损量与磨损时间之间的
关系式。
关键词:钢球磨煤机 空气比容 破碎能量 破碎机理 最佳钢球添加量 碰
撞力
ABSTRACT
Ball mill pulverizing system has been used abroad in coal-burning power plants of our
country. It has important significance to reduce energy consumption and ball attrition of
ball mill, to increase its coal powder production, and improve the combustion performance
of coal powder from it. Because this is accordance with the policy of energy saving and
consumption reduction, and it is helpful to put forward to develop power sector sustainably,
and enhance the economy of generator units. This paper introduced the developing
condition and analytical results of ball mill pulverizing system.
Otherwise, we designed and installed a set of ball mill pulverizing system used in library,
and set a series of experiments on base of this system to research the effect to its
performance from the elements of temperature, blast volume, ball quantity, distribution of
ball diameter and coal property. We found some characters of ball mill pulverizing system
neglected before. For instance, the change of temperature give an impact on specific
volume and viscosity of atmosphere, which influence the fineness of pulverized coal and
the distribution of broken energy in different diameters of coal particle. But it has little
effect to capacity of the pulverizing system. Because of the nonuniformity of distribution of
diameters of coal particles, the capacity of the pulverizing system can not increase
continuously with the rise of blast volume. Only the blast volume rise to a fixed quantity
that it can kick up particles which occupy a big content, the fineness of coal can be changed
greatly. The matter that big steel balls break coal particles is different from that of small
steel balls. Big balls primarily strike coal particles, while small balls grind them. So a
proper distribution of different diameters of balls in pulverizing system means a lot to
strengthen the capacity of ball mill pulverizing system and produce coal powder with good
fineness. The distribution of ball diameters should abide by such a law: the breaking ability
of big balls should be equal to the grinding capacity of the smaller balls, which can make
sure most raw coal endure both the breaking and grinding experience. Even more, in the
condition of the most optimal ball quantity, not only the capacity of pulverizing system is
greatest, but also the fineness of pulverized coal and the uniformity of size distribution are
better than those in other conditions. And the change of mean size of coal powder in
conditions of different ball quantities is more slowly than the change of fineness and
specific surface area.
Finally, we did some experiments to research the law of attrition of steel ball in ball mill.
We found in the condition of the same material, the attrition of ball is not only related with
specific surface area of balls, but also with impact pressure of them. Big steel ball has more
quantity than small one, and it is more closer to inner wall of the barrel because of
centrifugal force, so it has more striking force when fall down, and this make it abrade
more seriously. The function between ball attrition velocity and running time of ball mill
has been obtained by fitting curve get from experimental data.
Key Words: ball mill, specific volume of atmosphere, broken energy,
broken principle, best ball quantity, striking force
目 录
中文摘要
ABSTRACT
第一章 绪 论........................................................................................................................1
§1.1 课题的研究意义.....................................................................................................1
§1.2 制粉系统的类型和特点.........................................................................................2
§1.2.1 直吹式制粉系统...........................................................................................2
§1.2.2 中间贮仓式制粉系统...................................................................................2
§1.3 磨煤机的类型和特点.............................................................................................3
§1.3.1 钢球磨煤机...................................................................................................3
§1.3.2 中速磨煤机...................................................................................................4
§1.3.3 风扇磨煤机...................................................................................................4
§1.4 钢球磨煤机的构造和研磨机理.............................................................................5
§1.4.1 钢球磨煤机的构造.......................................................................................5
§1.4.2 钢球磨煤机的研磨机理...............................................................................6
§1.5 钢球磨煤机的缺陷及国内外的改进措施.............................................................7
第二章 影响钢球磨煤机运行的主要因素........................................................................11
§2.1 钢球装载量和钢球填充率...................................................................................11
§2.2 钢球的球径配比...................................................................................................11
§2.3 球磨机内的料位...................................................................................................11
§2.4 粗粉分离器挡板的开度.......................................................................................12
§2.5 球磨机滚筒出口的温度.......................................................................................12
§2.6 球磨机制粉系统的通风量...................................................................................12
§2.7 球磨机的临界转速和最佳转速...........................................................................13
§2.8 煤质.......................................................................................................................13
第三章 钢球磨煤机制粉系统运行特性实验....................................................................14
§3.1 实验设备和材料...................................................................................................14
§3.2 实验方案...............................................................................................................15
第四章 实验结果分析........................................................................................................16
§4.1 通风温度对钢球磨煤机制粉系统所制煤粉的影响...........................................16
§4.2 通风量对钢球磨煤机运行的影响.......................................................................20
§4.3 钢球配比对钢球磨煤机运行的影响...................................................................26
§4.3.1 钢球级配对钢球磨煤机运行的影响.........................................................27
§4.3.2 相同级配下不同大小钢球量变化对钢球磨煤机的影响.........................31
§4.4 钢球添加量对钢球磨煤机运行的影响...............................................................33
§4.5 煤质不同对钢球磨煤机运行的影响...................................................................35
§4.5.1 实验背景及条件.........................................................................................35
§4.5.2 实验分析.....................................................................................................36
§4.5.2.1 制粉系统工艺参数对煤粉性能影响的正交试验分析...................36
§4.5.2.2 不同煤质对煤粉特征的影响...........................................................38
§4.6 钢球磨损实验.......................................................................................................41
§4.6.1 钢球磨损实验背景及条件.........................................................................41
§4.6.2 钢球磨损实验结果分析............................................................................42
§4.6.2.1 铸铁球磨损试验分析.......................................................................42
§4.6.2.2 锰钢球磨损试验分析.......................................................................43
§4.6.3 钢球磨损实验数据的拟合分析.................................................................44
§4.6.3.1 铸铁球磨损试验的数据拟合分析...................................................44
§4.6.3.2 锰钢球磨损试验的数据拟合分析...................................................46
§4.6.4 钢球磨损实验数据的模拟分析.................................................................47
第五章 结论........................................................................................................................48
参考文献..............................................................................................................................49
在读期间公开发表的论文和承担科研项目及所得成果..................................................52
致谢......................................................................................................................................53
第一章 绪 论
1
第一章 绪 论
§1.1 课题的研究意义
能源产业是国民经济的支柱产业之一。节能降耗,是我国的一项基本国策。
目前全球所使用的能源,约有百分之九十九来自煤炭、天然气、石油等化石矿物
资源。相关数据[1]表明:1999 年末,我国已探明的煤炭储量,在世界总煤炭储
量中约占 11.6%,在我国化石矿物能源中所占比例为 90%,因而,煤炭是我国最
主要的一次能源。
改革开放以来,我们国家的电力生产能力增长很快。至 2003 年底,我国发电
装机容量达 391,408MW其中火电装机容量占总装机容量的 74.03%全国发电量
1,905,200GW,其中火电发电量占总发电量的 82.88%。中国经济快速发展,电力
工业仍有巨大的发展潜力,预计到 2050 年我国发电总装机容量将达到 16 亿KW
其中火电机组仍将占总装机容量的 60%以上。因此,我国在很长一段时间内的能
源消费格局仍将以煤炭为主[2]
在我国的能源新规划中将突出调整电源结构,从以下三方面出发进行电源结构
调整:
①有效控制 CO2SOXNOX粉尘的生成量和排放量。
②提高电网调整的灵活性。
③从能源的安全性考虑,根据国内外可资利用的资源,对发电能源资源进行优化
配置。
根据相关数据预测,2020 年电源结构同 2000 年相比,其变化如表 1-1 所示。
从中可以看出,煤电所占比例下降了 7.3 个百分点,而气电、核电及可再生能源发
电所占比例共增加了近 11 个百分点,随着能源结构的持续调整,中国能源消费格
局将更加优化,但这也意味着我们在经济上要付出更大的代价,发电成本和新能
源产业的研发力度将面临更大的压力。因此,从经济性的角度考虑,火力发电在
一定时期内仍将占有很重要的地位。
1-1 我国电源结构比较
水电
煤电
油电
气电
核电
新能源
2000
24.8
69.3
4.8
0.3
0.7
0.1
2020
24.6
62.0
1.0
6.0
3.4
3.0
火力发电是从化石燃料能源到电力能源的转化过程,在此过程中除了火力发
摘要:

加量、钢球配比和煤质等,设计并安装了一套实验用钢球磨煤机制粉系统,并利用它进行实验,研究分析以上因素对钢球磨煤机的具体影响。发现了一些钢球磨煤机运行的新特点。这些特点是:通风温度的变化改变了空气比容和粘度,而这两者的变化改变了所产煤粉的细度,并对破碎能量在不同粒径的颗粒间的分配比例产生了重要影响,但对制粉出力影响不大;由于煤粉不同粒径颗粒含量相差很大,钢球磨煤机制粉出力并非随着风量的增加而持续增大。风量只有增加到某一程度,能够带动含量高的颗粒时,才会显著改变煤粉细度;不同大小的钢球对于煤粉的作用原理不同,大钢球主要对煤粉造成冲击作用,小钢球则主要产生研磨作用。因此不同大小钢球的合理配比对保证出...

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作者:侯斌 分类:高等教育资料 价格:15积分 属性:56 页 大小:5.68MB 格式:PDF 时间:2024-11-19

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