电动手术床的电磁兼容性与研究与设计

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3.0 侯斌 2024-11-19 4 4 1.3MB 78 页 15积分
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摘要
随着科学技术的不断发展和广泛应用,各种电子电气设备向着多样化、高集
成度、高处理速度方向发展,导致空间电磁环境日益复杂,严重影响电子设备的
正常工作。同时,无线通信技术的大量应用也加重了环境中的电磁干扰现象。特
别是手术室空间小、医疗设备相对比较集中、干扰源较多,则电磁干扰现象更为
严重,影响手术室设备的正常工作,危及病人的健康。
由于目前电磁环境日益恶化,国内外标准组织越来越重视电子电气设备的电
磁兼容性。国际电工委员会IEC下属的三个技术委员会及其他的国际组织,
要进行电磁兼容方面的研究和国际标准的制定,出版和发布了大量的电磁兼容
面的标准;并且,我国相关的电磁兼容标准组织也完成了各种电磁兼容国际标准
的转化工作,和制定了相关产品类或特定产品的电磁兼容标准。近几年来,医疗
器械行业的电磁兼容方面的探索和研究已取得了极大的成就,重新制订的大量相
关电磁兼容标准和法规也逐步满足新时期的需求。
电动手术床是手术室中常见的一种医疗设备,较容易受到其他手术室设备(比
如高频电刀等)的干扰而造成手术床体位调整错误或失灵。因此,本文针对电动
手术床,对其控制系统进行电磁兼容性设计,提高电动手术床的电磁兼容性,满
足其应用的需要。本文首先分析手术床控制系统的结构和功能,并采用故障树分
析法对手术床控制系统进行电磁兼容性风险评估,找出导致控制系统电磁兼容性
不良的所有原因;然后采用相关的电磁兼容技术对手术床控制系统重新进行硬件
设计,主要包括 CAN 总线技术、隔离技术、睡眠抗干扰技术等;再进行手术床控
制系统的软件抗干扰设计,保证软件程序的正确执行;最后对设计的电动手术床
进行电磁兼容性试验以检测其电磁兼容性能,主要包括静电放电抗扰度试验、电
快速瞬变脉冲群抗扰度试验、浪涌(冲击)抗扰度试验等。
经过多项电磁兼容试验,本文设计的电动手术床符合国内的电磁兼容标准水
平,具有较好的电磁兼容性,能够满足实际的应用需要。本文对今后其他相关医
疗器械的电磁兼容性的研究起到了一定的借鉴作用。
关键词:电磁干扰 电磁兼容性 电动手术床 风险评估 CAN 总线
ABSTRACT
Along with the development and wide application of science and technology, a
variety of electrical and electronic equipments tend to be diversifiedhigh integration
and high processing speedthese make the electromagnetic environment increasingly
complicated, the electronic equipments or systems that suffers from the electromagnetic
interference maybe deviate their normal work.And also,the application of wireless
communication technology aggravats the electromagnetic interference. Especiallythe
electromagnetic interference in the operating room is much more serious, where the
space is rather little and the medical equipment is relatively concentrated, it may easily
endanger patients’ health.
Due to the electromagnetic environment increasingly deteriorated, domestic and
international standard organizations pay more attention to the electromagnetic
compatibility of electrical and electronic equipments.Three technical committees which
International Electrotechnical Commission ( IEC ) subordinates, and other international
organizations, have mainly engaged in the EMC research and the formulation of
international standards, published and released a lot of EMC standards;In
China,relevant EMC standard organizations complete the conversion work of
international EMC standards, and formulate related EMC standards of products or
products specific. In recent years, the exploration and research of EMC in medical
device industry has made great achievements, and a number of associated EMC
standards and regulations have been formulated to meet the demands of the new era.
The motorized operating bed is an common medical equipment, more vulnerable to
other operating room equipments (such as HF electrosurgical unit, etc), resulted to its
postural adjustment error or failure caused by electromagnetic interference.Thus, as for
the motorized operating bed, the EMC designs of the control system have been carried
out to meet its application. In this paper,we first analyze the structure and function of
the control system of motorized operating bed,and conduct its EMC risk analysis based
fault tree analysis method to find out the reasons why the EMC performance of the
control system is bad;Then, the relevant EMC techniques have been applied to the
hardware design of the control system, including CAN bus technique, isolation
technique, sleep anti-interference technique, etc; Next is anti-jamming software design
of the control system to guarantee the correct execution of the software program; The
last is the EMC experiments to detect the electromagnetic compatibility of the
motorized operating bed, including electrostatic discharge immunity test, electrical fast
transient burst immunity test, surge immunity test and so on.
After many EMC tests, the motorized operating bed that has been designed in this
paper matches the local EMC standards and even to the demand. This paper draws a
lesson to the related medical equipments in EMC research in the future.
KeyWords: electromagnetic interference, electromagnetic
compatibility, motorized operating bed, risk assessment, controller
area network (CAN) bus
目录
中文摘要
ABSTRACT
第一章 绪论 .....................................................................................................................1
§1.1 课题的来源及意义 ..............................................................................................1
§1.2 国内外研究状况 ..................................................................................................3
§1.3 本课题研究的主要内容 ......................................................................................5
第二章 电磁兼容性标准组织及其标准体系 .................................................................6
§2.1 电磁兼容性标准组织概述 ..................................................................................6
§2.1.1 电磁兼容国际标准组织 ...............................................................................6
§2.1.2 我国的电磁兼容标准组织 ...........................................................................8
§2.2 电磁兼容标准体系 ..............................................................................................9
§2.2.1 电磁兼容国际标准体系结构 .......................................................................9
§2.2.2 国内的电磁兼容标准 .................................................................................10
§2.3 医用电气设备电磁兼容性标准现状 ................................................................11
第三章 电动手术床控制系统的电磁兼容性风险评估 ...............................................14
§3.1 电磁兼容性风险评估的必要性 ........................................................................14
§3.2 风险评估方法的介绍 ........................................................................................15
§3.3 控制系统的电磁兼容性风险评估 ....................................................................17
§3.3.1 DT12-D 电动手术床简介 ........................................................................... 17
§3.3.2 DT12-D 控制系统电磁兼容性不良的表现 ............................................... 18
§3.3.3 基于故障树的控制系统的电磁兼容性风险评估 ......................................20
第四章 电动手术床控制系统的电磁兼容性硬件设计 ...............................................27
§4.1 控制系统的 EMC 总体设计方案 .....................................................................27
§4.1.1 控制系统的总体设计目标和要求 .............................................................27
§4.1.2 CAN 总线 .................................................................................................... 27
§4.1.3 控制系统的总体架构 .................................................................................25
§4.1.4 CAN 控制芯片的确定 ................................................................................ 28
§4.2 手持控制模块的 EMC 硬件设计 .....................................................................29
§4.2.1 主要器件的选择和介绍 ..............................................................................29
§4.2.2 手持控制模块的硬件构成 ..........................................................................31
§4.2.3 PIC18F2580 外围接口电路设计 ................................................................ 32
§4.2.4 按键电路设计 ..............................................................................................34
§4.2.5 CAN 通信接口电路的 EMC 设计 ............................................................. 35
§4.2.6 睡眠抗干扰电路的设计 .............................................................................37
§4.3 主控制模块的 EMC 硬件设计 .........................................................................37
§4.3.1 主控制模块的硬件构成 .............................................................................38
§4.3.2 主控制模块的电源电路 .............................................................................38
§4.3.3 主控制模块的信号隔离电路 .....................................................................39
第五章 电动手术床控制系统的软件可靠性设计 .......................................................41
§5.1 手持控制模块的软件设计 ................................................................................41
§5.1.1 手持控制模块的程序设计架构 .................................................................41
§5.1.2 基于有限状态机的键盘处理程序设计 .....................................................43
§5.1.3 CAN 控制模块的初始化及 CAN 数据发送的可靠性设计 ......................46
§5.1.4 睡眠抗干扰软件设计 .................................................................................48
§5.2 主控制模块的软件设计 ....................................................................................49
§5.2.1 主控制模块的程序设计架构 .....................................................................49
§5.2.2 CAN 数据接收子程序设计 ........................................................................ 48
第六章 电动手术床控制系统的电磁兼容性试验 .......................................................54
§6.1 电动手术床控制系统的电磁兼容性试验概述 ................................................54
§6.2 电动手术床的静电放电抗扰度试验 ................................................................54
§6.2.1 试验说明及要求 .........................................................................................54
§6.2.2 试验配置及实施 .........................................................................................55
§6.2.3 试验结果及分析 .........................................................................................58
§6.3 电动手术床的电快速瞬变脉冲群抗扰度试验 ................................................58
§6.3.1 试验说明及要求 .........................................................................................58
§6.3.2 试验配置及实施 .........................................................................................59
§6.3.3 试验结果及分析 .........................................................................................58
§6.4 电动手术床的电压暂降、短时中断抗扰度试验 ............................................59
§6.4.1 试验说明及要求 .........................................................................................59
§6.4.2 试验配置及实施 .........................................................................................62
§6.4.3 试验结果及分析 .........................................................................................63
§6.5 电动手术床的浪涌抗扰度试验 ........................................................................63
§6.5.1 试验要求 ......................................................................................................63
§6.5.2 试验配置及实施 .........................................................................................63
§6.5.3 试验结果及分析 .........................................................................................65
§6.6 电磁骚扰发射及抗扰度试验 ............................................................................65
§6.6.1 电磁骚扰发射试验 .....................................................................................65
§6.6.2 射频电磁场辐射抗扰度试验 .....................................................................66
§6.6.3 射频场感应的传导骚扰抗扰度试验 .........................................................68
§6.7 控制系统 EMC 设计前后的试验结果对比 ......................................................68
第七章 结论和展望 .....................................................................................................69
参考文献 .........................................................................................................................70
在读期间公开发表的论文和承担科研项目及取得成果 .............................................73
致谢 .................................................................................................................................74
摘要:

摘要随着科学技术的不断发展和广泛应用,各种电子电气设备向着多样化、高集成度、高处理速度方向发展,导致空间电磁环境日益复杂,严重影响电子设备的正常工作。同时,无线通信技术的大量应用也加重了环境中的电磁干扰现象。特别是手术室空间小、医疗设备相对比较集中、干扰源较多,则电磁干扰现象更为严重,影响手术室设备的正常工作,危及病人的健康。由于目前电磁环境日益恶化,国内外标准组织越来越重视电子电气设备的电磁兼容性。国际电工委员会(IEC)下属的三个技术委员会及其他的国际组织,主要进行电磁兼容方面的研究和国际标准的制定,出版和发布了大量的电磁兼容方面的标准;并且,我国相关的电磁兼容标准组织也完成了各种电磁兼容...

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作者:侯斌 分类:高等教育资料 价格:15积分 属性:78 页 大小:1.3MB 格式:PDF 时间:2024-11-19

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