流浪路上的精神救赎—《在路上》流浪主题研究

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ABSTRACT

Jack Kerouac (1922-1969) considers himself as the greatest writer since Shakespeare,

but his behavior and literature works are castigated by some critics. His works are

rejected by the American traditional value and are reviled as literal trash. Meanwhile,

the hedonism, anarchism and wandering advocated in his books are taken as a big

menace to the mainstream values of America. But, anyway, Kerouac is all the while

honored “the king of the Beat Generation”. His masterpiece On the Road is the

literatural classical of “Beat Movement” and is admired as the Bible by the “Beatniks”.

On the Road is a novel of wandering. The wandering of the characters in the novel

is not forced by poverty, political force or the self-exile of spiritual sadness. They

choose their own life of wandering. They are not ignorant illiterate; in contrast, they are

undergraduates of famous Columbia University in America. They are not beggars who

wander for almsgiving; they support themselves with their own hands; they are not

nihilists without any aims; they have their ideal and spiritual pursuit. On the one hand,

they wear shabby clothes, suffer from starvation and walk on the wandering road

pennilessly; on the other hand, they belt out songs passionately and look down upon

money as dirt; they are rich spiritually and rove all over the world full of passion and in

high spirit.

This thesis, through explaining the social and historical origins of “the Beat

Generation”, aims to point out that their going away from home and wandering process

on the road is a process to seek their spiritual redemption in an alienated society which

is full of material mammonism and consumerism, to interpret the spiritual rebellious

attitudes and wandering essence of “Beat Generation”. They rebel against the orthodoxy,

sow their wild oats; they are persistent, tough and fearless. They dare to cry out in the

“Silent Times” and challenge the mainstream society. They are drunkards and

drug-addicts; they uphold sex liberation, high-speed driving; they also believe in the

philosophy of Oriental Zen. They behave crazily to challenge the tradition, the society

repressing the humanity and the mammonism puffing with money. They appear to be

“decadent and beaten”; however, all of these are only the superficial phenomenon.

Seeing through the appearance of breaking down, we notice their serious attitudes

towards life and literature and their spiritual pursuit. Finally, a conclusion will be drawn

that their “breaking down” is only a false image while the spiritual redemption is the

essence.

The thesis is divided into four parts. The first part mainly introduces the study of

On the Road home and abroad, and the misunderstandings of On the Road. The second

part mainly discusses the theme of wandering and its social and historical origins. The

third part analyzes realization of the theme of wandering in On the Road and its

influence.

After Industrial Revolution, the machine production spreads fast, and the human

civilization makes much progress. However, I think, in the meantime, people’s pressure

gradually becomes more and more serious and the people have to work, and therefore

lose their freedom and are alienated to be the slaves of machinery. The philosophy of

On the Road is to take off the shackles from people. They choose to “take off” just to

find their lost freedom and redeem their soul on the wandering road.

Keyword: Beat Generation, On the Road, Wandering, Redemption ，

Kerouac

摘要

杰克·凯鲁亚克（1922-1969）自认为是莎士比亚之后最伟大的作家，但是他

的行为方式和文学作品一直被一些批评家所诟病。他的作品一直不被美国的传统

价值所接受，被一些批评家斥为文字垃圾，而他在书中宣扬的享乐主义、无政府

主义、流浪主义被认为是对美国主流价值观的巨大威胁。但是凯鲁亚克一直被誉

为“垮掉的一代”之王，他的代表作《在路上》是“垮掉派运动”的文学经典，

被“垮掉分子”尊为他们的“圣经”。

《在路上》从根本上说是一部流浪小说。书中的人物的流浪并不是因为家庭

贫困，不是因为政治压迫被流放，也不是因为精神痛苦下的自我放逐，他们选择

了流浪生活。他们不是一无所知的文盲，正相反，他们是美国名校哥伦比亚大学

的高材生；他们不是乞求人们施舍的乞丐，他们用自己的双手养活自己；他们不

是没有目标的虚无主义者，他们有自己的理想和精神追求。一方面，他们衣衫褴

褛，他们强忍饥俄，他们一无所有贫困潦倒地行走在流浪的路上；另一方面，他

们引吭高歌，激情澎湃，他们视金钱如粪土，他们是精神上富翁，他们满怀激情

精神饱满地浪迹天涯。

本论文旨在通过分析“垮掉的一代”出现的社会历史根源，指出他们的出走，

在路上流浪的过程就是他们在已经异化的物欲横流的拜金主义和消费主义社会里

追求精神救赎的隐喻过程，揭示他们的精神内涵、反叛态度和流浪本质。他们离

经叛道、放荡不羁、桀骜不驯、执着坚韧、无所畏惧，他们敢于在“沉默的年代”

发出挑战主流社会的呐喊。他们酗酒吸毒，崇尚性解放，高速驾车，信奉东方禅

宗哲学，他们用自己近乎疯狂的行为挑战传统，挑战压抑人性的社会，挑战金钱

至上的拜金主义。他们表面上看起来让人觉得“颓废垮掉”，其实这只是表面现象，

透过这种“垮掉”的假象，我们看到的是他们严肃的人生，文学态度和精神追求。

最后得出他们的“垮掉”只是假象，而精神救赎才是本质结论。

本论文正文分为四部分，第一部分介绍国内外批评家对《在路上》的研究动

态及人们对它的误读。第二部分着重讨论的是《在路上》中流浪主题的社会历史

根源。第三部分分析流浪母题在小说《在路上》的实现及其意义。工业革命以后，

机器大生产大规模推广，人类文明显著进步。笔者认为，与此同时，人们的社会

压力逐步增大，人们不得不努力工作，从而失去了自由，逐渐异化为机器的奴隶。

《在路上》的哲学思想就是为了解脱人们身上的枷锁，在流浪的途中重新找回失

去的自由，救赎自己的灵魂。

关键词：“垮掉的一代”, 《在路上》, 流浪 ,救赎, 凯鲁亚克

Contents

Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................................i

ABSTRACT .......................................................................................................................................... ii

摘要 ..................................................................................................................................................... iv

Contents .................................................................................................................................................vi

Chapter 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................1

1.1 Jack Kerouac and His Literary Achievements ......................................................................... 1

1.2 On the Road and Its Reception .................................................................................................2

1.3 Thesis Overview .......................................................................................................................4

Chapter 2 The Theme of Wandering ...................................................................................................... 6

2.1 The Theme of Wandering in History and Religion ..................................................................6

2.2 The Theme of Wandering in Literature ....................................................................................7

2.3 Theme of wandering in Tradition—Bohemianism ................................................................ 10

2.4 Beat Generation—Modern Wanderers ................................................................................... 11

Chapter3 Wandering on the Road ........................................................................................................ 13

3.1 Wanderers as Rebels ...............................................................................................................13

3.2 Wanderers as Escapees ...........................................................................................................21

3.3 Wanderers as Redeemers ........................................................................................................26

Chapter 4 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................... 39

Works Cited .......................................................................................................................................... 42

在读期间公开发表的论文 ..................................................................................................................45

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摘要：

ABSTRACTJackKerouac(1922-1969)considershimselfasthegreatestwritersinceShakespeare,buthisbehaviorandliteratureworksarecastigatedbysomecritics.HisworksarerejectedbytheAmericantraditionalvalueandarereviledasliteraltrash.Meanwhile,thehedonism,anarchismandwanderingadvocatedinhisbooksaretakenasabigmenacet...

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