论《啊，拓荒者！》中女主人公和谐人格的实现

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Acknowledgements

First of all, I would like to express my heartfelt thanks and gratitude to my

supervisor, Prof. Jin Wenning, for her great kindness and patience, for her giving me so

many valuable suggestions and great encouragement during the writing process of my

paper. Without her devoted guidance, cardinal support and constant help, the completion

of my paper would never have been possible. I feel very fortunate and honored to have

Prof. Jin Wening as my supervisor.

My sincere thanks also goes to all my teachers in the College of Foreign

Languages, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Prof. Deng Zhiyong,

Wang Bin, Yu Jinhong and Hua Yan, from whose instructive and informative lectures

and advice I have benefited so much, and have obtained a lot both in knowledge and in

perspectives to get it.

Meanwhile, I am deeply indebted to Jiang Hua, a teacher and good friend of mine,

who has given so much help both in my study and in my daily life. Also, I would like to

deliver my special gratitude to my classmates, roommates and friends, who have been

with me through the more than two years’ life in the College of Foreign Languages,

University of Shanghai for Science and Technology.

Last but not least, I give my sincere gratitude to my parents for their unwavering

faith in me, love for me and support to me during these years.

摘要

薇拉·凯瑟以其擅长描写美国西部边疆与拓荒题材的小说而闻名于世，她的

《啊，拓荒者！》是她比较著名的一部作品。小说中的女主人公亚历山德拉被描写

成为一个高挑、健壮、精明能干的形象，宛如一个典型的美国西部牛仔式的人物，

是凯瑟笔下一个反传统的女性形象，但是随着故事情节的变化和发展，她的性格

特征逐渐发展变化，实现了和谐人格的发展。本质上来讲这一和谐人格的发展实

现过程是由不完整的双性同体性格发展为完整的双性同体性格。表现在小说中就

是她与周围其他人和自然的关系。按照双性同体理论，每个人的身上都具有男性

气质特征和女性气质特征，完整的双性同体特征就是一个人身上的女性特质和男

性特质达到了合理的平衡与和谐统一。小说中女主人公的和谐人格特征通过两方

面表现出来：一方面是她与其他人物的和谐关系；另一方那个面就是她对自然和

女性的认同。

因此，本论文采用生态女性主义和双性同体理论来分析女主人公从不和谐人

格到和谐人格的发展变化过程。

在论文的第一章，着重分析了女主人公的不和谐人格。主要表现在她对女性

气质特征的疏远和压迫，显著强势的男性特征以及对待自然的态度。具体表现在

她的衣着、与父母的关系和对自然的态度。第二章讲述了由不和谐人格到和谐人

格的转变过程。具体主要论述她逐渐对自然和女性开始认同。第三章讲述女主人

公和谐人格是通过她对女性自我和自然的认同回归实现的。

通过这三章的论述得出本论文的结论是女主人公亚历山德拉的性格经历了由

不和谐状态到和谐状态的转变。

关键词：《啊，拓荒者！》薇拉·凯瑟亚历山德拉生态女性双性同体

iii

ABSTRACT

Willa Cather is famous for her unique skills in portraying American western

borders and pioneering female characters in her novels. O Pioneers! is one of her

famous representative works. The heroine, Alexandra, who is designed as an

anti-traditional woman in the novel, is portrayed as a tall, robust, and capable image,

just like a typical American-style cowboy. As the story goes on, her character gradually

achieves a harmonious state. This process of achieving a harmonious character in

essence is the change from incomplete to complete androgynous character. In the novel,

this changing process is manifested in the heroine’s relationship with other characters

and her relationship with nature. According to the theory of androgyny, there exist both

femininity and masculinity in a person’s character. The complete androgynous character

is a kind of state in which the feminine and masculine characteristics of a person

achieve a reasonable balance and harmony. The heroine’s harmonious character is

revealed in two aspects: one is her harmonious relationship with the other characters in

the novel, and the other is the identification with nature and her femininity.

Therefore, this paper uses the approach of eco-feminism and the theory of

androgyny to analyze the changing process of the heroine’s character from

inharmonious to harmonious state in O Pioneers!.

In the first chapter, the paper introduces the heroine’s inharmonious character

which is manifested mainly from the aspects of Alexandra’s estrangement and

oppression of femininity, strong masculinity and the attitude to nature. In details, her

character and temperament, dressing, the relation with and attitude to her father, mother

and nature are to be analyzed. Chapter two illustrates the transition of the heroine’s

character from inharmonious state to harmonious state. In this chapter, her beginning

identification with femininity and the recognition of nature are analyzed to exemplify

the transition process. In chapter three, the realization of Alexandra’s harmonious

character is illustrated through her return to nature and the land, and the return to her

female self.

Through these three chapter’s illustration, the paper comes to the conclusion that

the heroine Alexandra’s character experiences a transition from inharmonious state to

harmonious state.

Key Words: O Pioneers! Willa Cather Alexandra eco-feminism androgyny

Contents

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................................................ I

摘要 ............................................................................................................................................................II

ABSTRACT .............................................................................................................................................. III

CONTENTS ................................................................................................................................................ V

INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................... 1

CHAPTER 1 ALEXANDRA’S INHARMONIOUS CHARACTER ...................................................... 5

1.1 ESTRANGEMENT AND OPPRESSION OF FEMININITY .............................................................................5

1.2 ALEXANDRA’SMASCULINE TENDENCY ...............................................................................................6

1.2.1. Character and Temperament ...................................................................................................... 7

1.2.2 Dressing and Repression of Femininity ....................................................................................... 9

1.2.3 Relationship with Her Parents ................................................................................................... 11

1.3 REJECTION OF NATURE ......................................................................................................................14

CHAPTER 2 TRANSITION FROM INHARMONIOUS CHARACTER TO HARMONIOUS

CHARACTER ........................................................................................................................................... 20

2.1 IDENTIFICATION WITH FEMININITY ....................................................................................................21

2.2 RECOGNITION OF NATURE ................................................................................................................. 27

2.2.1 Significance of Land .................................................................................................................. 27

2.2.2 Memory of Intoxicating Nature..................................................................................................30

CHAPTER 3 REALIZATION OF THE HARMONIOUS CHARACTER ......................................... 33

3.1 RETURN TO NATURE .......................................................................................................................... 33

3.2 RETURN TO THE LAND .......................................................................................................................36

3.3 RETURN TO HER FEMALE SELF ..........................................................................................................38

CONCLUSION ..........................................................................................................................................41

WORKS CITED ........................................................................................................................................43

在读期间公开发表的论文 .........................................................................................................................46

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摘要：

iAcknowledgementsFirstofall,Iwouldliketoexpressmyheartfeltthanksandgratitudetomysupervisor,Prof.JinWenning,forhergreatkindnessandpatience,forhergivingmesomanyvaluablesuggestionsandgreatencouragementduringthewritingprocessofmypaper.Withoutherdevotedguidance,cardinalsupportandconstanthelp,thecompletio...

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