桥梁安全受控与预警系统研究

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3.0 赵德峰 2024-11-19 4 4 3.17MB 94 页 15积分
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摘 要
大型桥梁健康监测、预警系统在业界的普遍推广存在难度的主要原因是其
成本效率不高。问题的症结在于：相对于现有监测和评价的技术手段而言，桥
梁材料并非理想的材料、桥梁结构并非理想的结构、桥梁所处的环境并非理想
的环境，使得健康监测系统获取的海量数据在评价桥梁安全性的作用受到限制。
如何按照安全必要性、经济实用性、技术可行性三位一体相协调的原则确定大、
中型桥梁运行全过程安全受控体系、受控模式，进而建立桥梁安全预警系统的
应用技术，是应对桥梁工程界面临的上述严峻现实的有效途径。
针对以上问题，本文研究了桥梁健康监测、预警系统发展战略，分析了桥
梁应用环境、应用技术方面现存的关键问题，确立了实时监测与常态管理相结
合的桥梁安全管理模式，采取桥梁动态特性全程监测与桥梁健康检测相结合的
技术方案，进而设计了实时监测与桥梁安全评估相结合的 RAHES(Real-time
Alarm &Healthy Evaluate System)桥梁预测预警系统，在实验室实体模型试验的
基础上，提出了预测预警系统的适用技术。本文主要工作如下：
一、分析了桥梁健康监测、预警系统发展战略和应用技术方面现存的关键
问题，本着继承与发展相结合的原则，提出了实时监测与定期检测评估相结合
的RAHE 桥梁运营期全过程安全受控模式。以实时监测桥梁的动态特性显著变
化或突变作为桥梁安全异常的预警措施，而采用常规的桥梁健康检测评估手段
评定桥梁的安全承载能力。
二、为了研究桥梁动态特性实时监测作为桥梁安全预警措施的可靠性，设
计制作了斜拉桥实体模型，分别采用车辆激励、环境激励、锤击激励三种激励
模式，按稀布传感器和密布传感器两种传感器布设方式进行桥梁模型动态特性
测试，通过曲率模态、柔度矩阵、模态应变能、小波包能量、虚拟激励响应函
数等多种技术手段，采用多种尺度研究了动态特性监测作为桥梁安全预警措施
的可靠性。并确定了桥梁预警系统的核心预警指标。
三、鉴于桥梁监测数据中同时存在的随机不确定性和模糊不确定性，提出
了基于随机—模糊统计理论的桥梁检测、监测数据的处理方法，为充分发挥实
时监测海量数据在桥梁安全预警中的作用提供了一条有效途径。
四、基于上述思路和研究成果，开发了基于网络的桥梁预测预警原型系统。
关键词：桥梁安全受控模式 桥梁预警技术 损伤识别 小波包虚拟激
励响应函数 原型系统
ABSTRACT
The main cause of the difficulty that exists in popularizing health monitoring
and alarm system for Large bridge to the industry is the low level of their cost
efficiency. The crux of the problem lies in:relative to the existing monitoring and
evaluation technology,bridge materials are not ideal materials, bridge structure is not
ideal structure, bridge surroundings is not ideal environment.This limited the effect
of the evaluating bridge security by the mass data that gained by the health
monitoring system.How to set the safety control system of the big, medium-sized
bridge during the operation process in accordance with necessity,economic and
practical and technical feasibility trinity in coordination, and to set up the bridge
security warning system of applied technology is an effective way to cope with the
severe reality that the bridge engineering faced.
In view of the above question, this paper studies the development strategy of
bridge health monitoring and alarm system , analyzed the bridge application
environment,existing key problems of applied technology aspects , established the
Real time monitoring and normal management combining safety management mode,
adopted the bridge whole process dynamic characteristics monitoring combined with
bridge health evaluate technical solutions, and then design a RAHES (Real-time
Alarm &Healthy Evaluate System) bridge forecasting and alarm system, based on
the laboratory test of physical model, the suitable techniques of bridge amarm system
is presented. This paper's mainly work are as follows:
1.analyzed existing key problems of the bridge health monitoring and alarming
systems development strategy and application technology.In line with the inheritance
and development of combining the principles,This pater advanced the RAHE bridge
safety control mode that combining the real-time monitoring and regular health
inspection evaluate.Consider monitoring significant change of dynamic characteristic
as the main alarm measurement.Use the regular bridge healthy test evaluation tools
to judge the safe carrying capacity of the bridge.
2.In order to study the reliability of the dynamic characteristics that are used as
the measurement of the real-time monitoring bridge alarm system. A cable-stayed
bridge entity model are made for the dynamic test.Hammer excitation ,environmental
excitation and vehicle excitation are used in both spars and dense sensor plan
conditions to proceed dynamic test carried on the bridge model.By means of modal
curvature,flexibility matrix,modal strain energy and wavelet packet energy ,virtual
excitation response function,studied the reliability of using dynamic behavior as the
bridge safety alarm measurement.Finally determing the core alarm index of the
bridge alarm system.
3.In view of the random uncertainties and fuzzy uncertainties of the bridge
monitoring data.The processing method based on random-fuzzy theory is presented
to processing bridge monitoring data.An effective way to make the mass date into
full play in bridge alarming is provided.
4.Based on the idea and research achievements, The bridge alarm prototype
system that worked through the Internet is developed.
Keywords: bridge safety controlled mode,bridge alarm
technique ,damage identification, wavelet packet, virtual excitation
response function, prototype system
目录
摘 要
ABSTRACT
第一章 绪 论 .............................................................................................................. 1
§1.1 课题背景 ............................................................................................................ 1
§1.2 研究现状 ............................................................................................................ 2
§1.3 本文内容 ............................................................................................................ 4
§1.4 文章组织 ............................................................................................................ 6
第二章 基于预警系统的桥梁安全受控模式研究.................................................... 7
§2.1 桥梁健康监测与预警系统发展现状综述 ...................................................... 7
§2.1.1 桥梁健康监测与预警系统主要研究方向 ............................................. 7
§2.1.2 桥梁健康检测技术 ................................................................................... 7
§2.1.3 桥梁安全监测系统 ................................................................................... 9
§2.1.4 桥梁安全评价理论及技术 .................................................................... 10
§2.1.5 国内外桥梁健康监测与预警系统演变及概况 ................................... 11
§2.1.6 桥梁健康监测与预警系统现状评述.................................................... 11
§2.2 桥梁预测预警系统面临的基础环境约束 .................................................... 12
§2.2.1 技术环境约束 ......................................................................................... 13
§2.2.2 工程环境约束 ......................................................................................... 14
§2.2.3 经济环境约束 ......................................................................................... 14
§2.2.4 认识环境约束 ......................................................................................... 15
§2.3 桥梁预测预警系统的定位 ............................................................................. 15
§2.4 桥梁预测预警系统技术方案 ........................................................................ 15
§2.5 基于预测预警系统的 RAHE 桥梁运营全过程安全受控与管理模式 ....... 16
§2.6 本章小结 .......................................................................................................... 16
第三章 桥梁动态预警技术研究 ............................................................................... 17
§3.1 现有损伤预警指标介绍 ................................................................................. 17
§3.1.1 曲率模态指标 .......................................................................................... 17
§3.1.2 柔度矩阵指标 ......................................................................................... 18
§3.1.3 模态应变能法指标 ................................................................................. 18
§3.1.4 小波包能量法指标 .................................................................................. 20
§3.2 动态特性的研究模型 ..................................................................................... 22
§3.2.1 斜拉桥模型简介 ...................................................................................... 22
§3.2.2 模型试验的激励与响应 ........................................................................ 23
§3.3 基于模态指标的预警方法 ............................................................................. 26
§3.3.1 平均曲率模态法损伤预警 .................................................................... 26
§3.3.2 柔度矩阵法损伤预警............................................................................. 28
§3.3.3 模态应变能法损伤预警 ........................................................................ 32
§3.4 基于小波包能量分解指标的预警方法 ........................................................ 35
§3.4.1 小波包能量变异累积法损伤预警 ........................................................ 35
§3.4.2 小波包能量变异累积损伤指标计算.................................................... 36
§3.4.3 基于虚拟激励响应函数和小波包能量的损伤预警........................... 40
§3.5 基于随机—模糊统计理论的桥梁检测监测数据预处理技术 .................. 49
§3.5.1 随机—模糊统计公式推导 .................................................................... 49
§3.5.2 随机—模糊统计理论在桥梁检测数据预处理中应用 ...................... 52
§3.6 本章小结 .......................................................................................................... 56
第四章 网络环境下桥梁预测预警原型系统设计.................................................. 58
§4.1 桥梁预测预警原型系统设计 ........................................................................ 58
§4.1.1 常用系统划分原则 ................................................................................. 58
§4.1.2 桥梁预测预警原型系统设计原则 ......................................................... 59
§4.1.3 预测预警系统结构图............................................................................. 59
§4.2 数据库系统设计 ............................................................................................. 60
§4.2.1 基本信息数据库 ...................................................................................... 61
§4.2.2 监测数据库 .............................................................................................. 62
§4.2.3 检测数据库 .............................................................................................. 64
§4.2.4 状态评估数据库 ..................................................................................... 65
§4.3 本章小结 .......................................................................................................... 66
第五章 RAHES 桥梁预测预警原型系统的实现 .................................................. 67
§5.1 基于 B/S 结构的桥梁检测信息采集与数据传输系统设计 ...................... 67
§5.1.1 B/S 结构简介 ............................................................................................ 67
§5.1.2 系统功能及处理流程............................................................................. 67
§5.1.3 系统模块简介 ......................................................................................... 68
§5.2 基于 C/S 结构的桥梁预测预警系统设计 .................................................... 72
§5.2.1 C/S 结构简介 ............................................................................................ 72
§5.2.2 系统处理流程 .......................................................................................... 72
§5.2.3 系统模块分析 .......................................................................................... 73
§5.3 本章小结 .......................................................................................................... 81
第六章 结论与展望.................................................................................................... 82
§6.1 结论 .................................................................................................................. 82
§6.2 展望 .................................................................................................................. 82
参考文献 ........................................................................................................................ 84
在读期间公开发表的论文和承担科研项目及取得成果 ......................................... 89
致 谢............................................................................................................................. 90
摘要：

摘要大型桥梁健康监测、预警系统在业界的普遍推广存在难度的主要原因是其成本效率不高。问题的症结在于：相对于现有监测和评价的技术手段而言，桥梁材料并非理想的材料、桥梁结构并非理想的结构、桥梁所处的环境并非理想的环境，使得健康监测系统获取的海量数据在评价桥梁安全性的作用受到限制。如何按照安全必要性、经济实用性、技术可行性三位一体相协调的原则确定大、中型桥梁运行全过程安全受控体系、受控模式，进而建立桥梁安全预警系统的应用技术，是应对桥梁工程界面临的上述严峻现实的有效途径。针对以上问题，本文研究了桥梁健康监测、预警系统发展战略，分析了桥梁应用环境、应用技术方面现存的关键问题，确立了实时监测与常态管理相结...

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作者：赵德峰 分类：高等教育资料 价格：15积分 属性：94 页 大小：3.17MB 格式：PDF 时间：2024-11-19

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