儒家思想影响下的中国文化

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3.0 赵德峰 2024-11-19 4 4 542.91KB 62 页 15积分

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ABSTRACT

Yin Si, the Chinese equivalence of privacy, began to be used frequently only

recently but has now become an important legal issue, and is used more and more in

Chinese people’s daily life.

Privacy is a cultural phenomenon. The philosophical and cultural traditions

behind the concept of privacy determine its formation and development. To

understand the phenomenon of privacy in Chinese culture, we must put it under the

context of the cultural tradition of China, most importantly, Confucianism.

The author compares the Confucian understanding of privacy in Chinese culture

with what it means in the American culture under the influence of Individualism

conceptualized by Emerson. The comparative study leads to the conclusion that

Confucianism believes that moral ethics is prior to privacy, and privacy is a hinder in

maintaining harmony of society and social development, while Emerson’s privacy

insists that privacy is superior to moral ethics and there would be no moral ethics and

social development without privacy.

These philosophical understandings of privacy influence actual communication

models when privacy is involved in the communication, which are illustrated in this

research by some cases on the basis of pragmatic theories. This illustration leads to the

conclusion that people in Chinese culture use different pragmatic principles from those

used by Americans when privacy is involved and these communicative principles will

act as lubricant to facilitate the harmony of interpersonal communication.

Key Words:Privacy, Confucianism, Individualism, Communication

Principles

iii

摘要

隐私，作为“Privacy”的中文对应词，虽然直到最近才被频繁的应用，但

隐私已渐渐成为一个重要的法律问题，并且在中国人的日常生活中越来越多的使

用。

隐私是一种文化现象。隐私观念背后的哲学和文化传统决定了隐私的形成和

发展。为了理解中国文化中的隐私现象，我们必须把隐私置于中国最重要的文化

传统背景下，即儒家思想。

作者将受儒家思想影响的中国文化中的隐私观与美国文化中受爱默生的个

人主义影响的隐私观进行比较。通过比较研究得出结论：儒家思想认为伦理道德

凌驾于隐私之上，隐私是阻碍社会和谐和社会发展的障碍。而爱默生的隐私观认

为隐私是凌驾于伦理和道德之上的，没有隐私的存在就没有伦理道德的存在和社

会的发展。

当交际过程中涉及到隐私时，对隐私的哲学理解影响着实际的交际模式，这

些交际模式在语用学理论的基础上通过一些案例表现出来。通过研究这些案例得

出结论：当交际过程中涉及到隐私时，中国人和美国人所采取的交际原则是不同

的，并且这些交际原则成为促进人际交流和谐有序的润滑剂。

关键词：隐私儒家思想个人主义交际原则

CONTENTS

Acknowledgements .......................................................................................................... i

ABSTRACT .....................................................................................................................ii

摘要 ............................................................................................................................... iii

Chapter1 Introduction ....................................................................................................1

1.1 Motivations and Objects of the Thesis .................................................................1

1.2 Significance of the Thesis .................................................................................... 1

1.3 Organization of the Thesis ................................................................................... 2

Chapter 2 Literature Review on Privacy ...................................................................... 3

2.1 Denotation and Connotation of Privacy ...............................................................3

2.1.1 Types of Privacy .........................................................................................5

2.1.2 Functions of Privacy. ..................................................................................7

2.2 Studies about Privacy home and abroad ............................................................ 10

2.2.1 Studies about Privacy at home ................................................................. 10

2.2.2 Studies about Privacy abroad ...................................................................10

Chapter3 A Comparative Approach to Privacy ......................................................... 13

3.1 Individualism and Privacy in America ...............................................................13

3.1.1 Understanding of Individualism .............................................................. 14

3.1.2 Emerson’s Individualism and Privacy ..................................................... 14

3.1.2.1 Individual soul and Privacy ............................................................ 14

3.1.2.2 Personality and Privacy ...................................................................17

3.1.2.3 Personal right and Privacy .............................................................. 18

3.2 Confucianism and Privacy in Chinese Culture ............................................. 21

3.2.1 Ren and Privacy ....................................................................................... 21

3.2.1.1 What is Ren .....................................................................................22

3.2.1.2 Ren & Privacy .................................................................................23

3.2.2 Li and Privacy .......................................................................................... 26

3.2.2.1 What is Li ........................................................................................26

3.2.2.2 Li & Privacy ....................................................................................28

3.2.3 Zhong Yong and Privacy ..........................................................................30

3.2.3.1 What is Zhong Yong ........................................................................30

3.2.3.2 Zhong Yong & Privacy ................................................................... 30

3.3 The Analysis of the Comparison ........................................................................ 33

Chapter4 Privacy and Pragmatic Principles .............................................................. 35

4.1 Privacy and Politeness Principle ........................................................................ 35

4.1.1 Confucian thoughts on Politeness Principle ............................................ 36

4.1.2 Western Politeness Principle .................................................................... 38

4.1.3 Case Studies ............................................................................................. 42

4.2 Privacy and Cooperative Principle. ....................................................................46

4.2.1 Confucian thoughts on Cooperative Principle ......................................... 46

4.2.2 The definition of CP .................................................................................48

4.2.3 Conversational Implicature ...................................................................... 49

4.2.4 Case Studies ............................................................................................. 50

Chapter5 Conclusion .................................................................................................... 54

5.1 Major findings of this study ............................................................................... 54

5.2 Theoretical and applied values of the study .......................................................54

5.3 Limitations of this study and prospects for future research ............................... 55

Bibliography .................................................................................................................. 56

在读期间公开发表的论文 ............................................................................................ 59

Chapter 1 Introduction

Chapter1 Introduction

1.1 Motivations and Objects of the Thesis

As a social phenomenon, privacy can be observed in all languages and cultures

and it has long been an important object of study in inter-cultural communication.

There are various understandings and definitions about privacy in different cultures,

but what are the causes of such differences?

Awareness of the differences of privacy in different cultures is important for

effective communication.

This paper is to apply the theories about privacy both home and abroad and

probe into Chinese traditional philosophical thought which has dominated Chinese

culture for thousands of years-Confucianism, with the analysis of conversations

dealing with privacy in works about Confucianism, making a contrast of Western and

Eastern privacy. Furthermore, the author finds out the impact of Confucianism and

individualism on the pragmatic principles when dealing with privacy. So, we can know

the differences through the whole process, from the concept of privacy to the

communication of privacy.

There are a lot of studies about privacy in inter-culture communication from the

perspective of law, but there is rarely any study of privacy from the point of view of

philosophy, this paper focuses on the philosophical differences by applying

Confucianism and Individualism in the process of analyzing privacy. After a lot of

studies have been done, the author gives some suggestions about the fundamental

differences of privacy between Chinese and Westerners under the impact of

philosophical thoughts. So, when privacy is involved in the process of inter-cultural

communication, we can breakout the barrier of privacy, and achieve the

communicative objects.

1.2 Significance of the Thesis

People in different cultures are paying more and more attention to privacy.

Although Chinese are more aware of the concept of privacy than before, there are still

a lot of differences from American. Figuring out the causes by analyzing Confucianism

A Comparative Approach to the Impact of Confucianism on Privacy in Chinese culture

which has dominated Chinese culture for thousand years, we can get the fundamental

reasons and get rid of the barriers in inter-cultural communication when privacy is

involved.

Privacy is a very important issue in Western countries, especially in America.

There have been various studies about privacy in Western culture, but little even no

studies about privacy has been conducted under the impact of Confucianism. The

author holds a relative new point of view from Confucianism, and figure out the

underlying philosophical reasons for the differences between Chinese privacy and

American privacy.

1.3 Organization of the Thesis

The paper consists of five chapters.

Chapter one is an introduction, in the first part, the author briefly introduces the

motivations and the significance of analyzing the impacts of Confucianism on privacy

Chapter two is the literature view on privacy: concept of privacy, connotation

and extension of privacy, functions of privacy, and studies about privacy home and

abroad.

Chapter three discusses about the impact of Confucianism on privacy, and it is

the main part of the whole paper.

Chapter four will come to the impact of Confucianism on pragmatic strategies

from which we can see the dynamic differences between Chinese culture and American

culture.

The last part naturally comes to the conclusion that it is important to note the

differences of privacy in inter-cultural communication, and people should minimize the

negative effects of privacy in communication.

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摘要：

iiABSTRACTYinSi,theChineseequivalenceofprivacy,begantobeusedfrequentlyonlyrecentlybuthasnowbecomeanimportantlegalissue,andisusedmoreandmoreinChinesepeople’sdailylife.Privacyisaculturalphenomenon.Thephilosophicalandculturaltraditionsbehindtheconceptofprivacydetermineitsformationanddevelopment.Tounder...

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