生态城市可持续发展研究--以上海市为例

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3.0 赵德峰 2024-11-19 4 4 3.98MB 97 页 15积分
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中文摘要
城市最初诞生于人类文明的发祥地,然而在漫长历史进程中,城市的发展十
分缓慢,直到工业革命才真正开启了城市主宰世界的时代。自从人类社会步入工
业文明以后,工业化的进程对城市化产生了巨大的推动,城市化由此经历了产生、
发展以及深化各个发展阶段。城市化作为人类文明进程中重要的一种现象,提高
了经济的规模效益和集约效益,实现了剩余劳动力的自然转移,促进城镇基础设
施现代化建设,产生了区域发展的极化效应,对整个区域的发展具有积极的带动
作用。
随着我国改革开放的大力推进,社会经济发展取得了巨大的成绩,生产力、
生产水平得到显著的提高,然而我国城市化进程的加快带动整个国民经济快速发
展的同时,与其伴随而来的种种问题:如城市人口剧增、资源短缺、环境污染等
生态与环境问题也对城市的可持续发展提出了挑战。由于认识到生态环境问题的
严重性,自从上世纪 70 年代生态城市这一城市发展模式被提出之后,世界范围内
许多城市都将建设生态城市作为其未来发展的目标。因为生态城市所蕴含的本质
特征可持续发展理念正是妥善解决城市化带来严重影响的根本途径,体现和谐、
高效、文明的生态城市必将成为全球城市可持续发展的理想模式。
本研究在参考国内外大量相关研究成果的基础上,理论与实证相结合,以城
市生态系统为研究对象,通过对城市生态系统结构和功能的研究,在分析上海城
市生态现状的基础上,探讨上海生态城市可持续发展评价指标体系的构建,对上
海城市生态系统作定量的研究分析,得出上海建设生态城市,实现可持续发展进
程中的不足与相对劣势,针对这些方面存在的问题提出相关的对策建议。
关键词: 生态城市 可持续发展 上海
ABSTRACT
Originally cities were born in the birthplace of civilization which was created by
human being, but in extensive historical progress, the development of the city was very
slow, until industrial revolution the times that the world was dominted by the cities
came into being. From human society walked into industrial civilization, the progress of
industrialization promoted urbanization,the process of urbanization contained three
stage: beginning,developing and deepening. As an important phenomenon in the
progress of human civilization, urbanization improved scale and intensive benefit of the
economy,realized natural transfer of labor remained, stimulated fundamental installation
of the town modernized,produced polarize effect of the district development, promoted
district develop more quickly.
With the reform of our motherland push forwarded, the development of society
and economy gained great achievement, productive force was enhanced extremely, but
at the same time that the progress of urbanization brought the development of economic
system, urbanization leaded to a lot of problem: such as population explosion, resources
shortage, environment polluted, these ecological and environmental problem challenge
to battle to sustainable development of the city. Because mankind recognized the
seriousness of ecological and environmental problem, from the beginning of twentieth
century the development model about city-----eco-city was raised, many cities all over
the world thougut eco-city as their long-term objective. The reason was that the feature
which was contained in the eco-city------sustainable development was the right way to
resolve the critical influence bought by urbanization, the eco-city reflected harmonious,
high efficiency, civilized will become the ideal pattern of sustainable development cities
in the world.
The study on the basic of a lot of research result related in and out of the country,
theory get in touch with practice, thougut the ecologicai system of the city as research
target, by means of studying the structure and function of urban ecosystem, on the basic
of analyzing ecological condition in shanghai,inquired into construct shanghai eco-city
index assessment system, quantitative studing and analysising shanghai ecological
system, find the disadvantage in the progress of constructing shanghai eco-city,realizing
sustainable development,pose related propose according to these problem.
Key Words: eco-city , sustainable development , Shanghai
目 录
中文摘要
ABSTRACT
第一章 绪 论 ...................................................................................................................1
§1.1 研究背景 ....................................................................................................... 1
§1.2 研究意义及创新点 ....................................................................................... 2
§1.3 研究思路和论文框架 ................................................................................... 3
第二章 相关文献综述研究 .............................................................................................5
§2.1 生态城市的思想渊源 ................................................................................... 5
§2.1.1 中国古代的 “天人合一”观 .......................................................... 5
§2.1.2 霍华德的“田园城市” .................................................................... 5
§2.1.3 沙里宁的有机疏散理论 .................................................................... 6
§2.1.4“新城”建设运动 ............................................................................. 7
§2.1.5“理想城市”和空想社会主义城市 ................................................. 7
§2.1.6 有机团结论、邻里单位和芝加哥学派 ............................................ 8
§2.2 生态城市的概念及内涵 ............................................................................... 8
§2.2.1 生态城市概念 .................................................................................... 9
§2.2.2 生态城市内涵 .................................................................................... 9
§2.3 生态城市建设基本理论与实践 ................................................................. 10
§2.3.1 国外生态城市建设 .......................................................................... 11
§2.3.2 国内生态城市建设 .......................................................................... 12
§2.4 生态城市可持续发展评价研究 ................................................................. 13
§2.4.1 可持续发展的提出 .......................................................................... 13
§2.4.2 城市可持续发展内涵 ...................................................................... 13
§2.4.3 可持续发展评价研究 ...................................................................... 14
第三章 城市生态系统结构与功能分析 .......................................................................15
§3.1 城市生态系统概述 ..................................................................................... 15
§3.1.1 城市生态系统概念 .......................................................................... 15
§3.1.2 城市生态系统的特点 ...................................................................... 16
§3.2 城市生态系统的组成 ................................................................................. 18
§3.3 城市生态系统的结构 ................................................................................. 18
§3.3.1 社会结构 .......................................................................................... 19
§3.3.2 空间结构 .......................................................................................... 20
§3.3.3 资源结构 .......................................................................................... 21
§3.4 城市生态系统的功能 ................................................................................. 22
§3.4.1 基本功能 .......................................................................................... 22
§3.4.2 服务功能 .......................................................................................... 22
§3.4.3 支持功能 .......................................................................................... 23
第四章 上海城市生态现状分析及其评价体系构建 ...................................................25
§4.1 上海生态城市建设现状 ............................................................................. 25
§4.1.1 上海自然生态环境现状 .................................................................. 25
§4.1.2 上海社会经济发展现状 .................................................................. 28
§4.1.3 上海生态环境质量状况 .................................................................. 40
§4.2 生态城市评价指标体系构建 .................................................................... 45
§4.2.1 构建的原则 ...................................................................................... 45
§4.2.2 指标的确立 ...................................................................................... 46
§4.2.3 指标的评价标准 .............................................................................. 47
§4.2.4 指标的权重 ...................................................................................... 47
§4.2.5 上海生态城市可持续发展评价指标体系的构建 .......................... 48
第五章 上海市城市生态系统综合评价分析 ...............................................................51
§5.1 上海市城市生态系统评价指标体系现状值(2001-2005) ....................... 51
§5.2 上海市城市生态系统评价指标体系权重的确定 ..................................... 52
§5.2.1 评价指标的标准化处理 .................................................................. 53
§5.2.2 均方差法求解指标层权重 .............................................................. 54
§5.2.3 领域层权重数值求解 ...................................................................... 57
§5.2.4 准则层权重数值求解 ...................................................................... 57
§5.3 上海市城市生态系统评价指标的指数值计算 ......................................... 58
§5.3.1 指数值的计算方法 .......................................................................... 58
§5.3.2 指标层指数值计算 .......................................................................... 60
§5.3.3 领域层指数值计算 .......................................................................... 61
§5.3.4 准则层指数值计算 .......................................................................... 61
§5.3.5 目标层指数值计算 .......................................................................... 61
§5.4 上海市城市生态系统评价结果分析 ........................................................ 62
§5.4.1 上海市城市生态系统评价结果分级 .............................................. 62
§5.4.2 上海市城市生态系统综合评价结果分析 ...................................... 63
§5.4.3 上海市生态城市系统准则层评价结果分析 .................................. 65
§5.4.4 上海市城市生态系统领域层评价结果分析 .................................. 66
§5.5 上海市城市生态系统指标实现度计算及分析 ......................................... 71
§5.6 上海生态城市系统指标实现度分类 ......................................................... 73
第六章 上海建设生态城市的关键及对策 ...................................................................79
§6.1 上海城市生态系统的评价因素对上海建设生态城市的影响 ................. 79
§6.2 上海生态城市建设的主要方面 ................................................................. 79
§6.2.1 人口发展方面 .................................................................................. 79
§6.2.2 经济发展方面 .................................................................................. 80
§6.2.3 社会发展方面 .................................................................................. 81
§6.2.4 资源环境水平方面 .......................................................................... 82
§6.3 上海建设生态城市各主要方面的对策建议 ............................................. 82
§6.3.1 人口发展方面相关对策建议 .......................................................... 82
§6.3.2 经济发展方面相关对策建议 .......................................................... 83
§6.3.3 社会发展方面相关对策建议 .......................................................... 84
§6.3.4 资源环境水平方面相关对策建议 .................................................. 84
第七章 结论 ...................................................................................................................87
§7.1 结论 ............................................................................................................. 87
§7.2 有待深入研究之处 ..................................................................................... 89
参考文献 .........................................................................................................................91
在读期间公开发表论文和承担科研项目及取得成果 .................................................97
致谢 .................................................................................................................................99
摘要:

中文摘要城市最初诞生于人类文明的发祥地,然而在漫长历史进程中,城市的发展十分缓慢,直到工业革命才真正开启了城市主宰世界的时代。自从人类社会步入工业文明以后,工业化的进程对城市化产生了巨大的推动,城市化由此经历了产生、发展以及深化各个发展阶段。城市化作为人类文明进程中重要的一种现象,提高了经济的规模效益和集约效益,实现了剩余劳动力的自然转移,促进城镇基础设施现代化建设,产生了区域发展的极化效应,对整个区域的发展具有积极的带动作用。随着我国改革开放的大力推进,社会经济发展取得了巨大的成绩,生产力、生产水平得到显著的提高,然而我国城市化进程的加快带动整个国民经济快速发展的同时,与其伴随而来的种种问题...

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作者:赵德峰 分类:高等教育资料 价格:15积分 属性:97 页 大小:3.98MB 格式:PDF 时间:2024-11-19

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