财政分权对中国地区收入差距的影响

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3.0 韩鲁英 2024-09-24 5 4 681.09KB 24 页 150积分
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浙江财经大学本科生毕业论文
II
2014 05
财政分权对中国地区收入差距的影响
摘要:本文研究的是 1978 年到 2012 年期间,财政分权对中国地区收入差距的影响。
财政分权是一个多方面的概念,因此无法单一地用某个指标来衡量。本文将从支出分权、
收入分权和财政独立这三个方面来探讨在过去的三十五年中财政分权的演变对中国地
区收入差距的影响。通过计量经济模型分析,我得出了几个主要的结论。财政分权在支
出方面导致了地区间的收入差距不断扩大;而在收入方面则在 1994 年有一个明显的分
界点;在收入方面,八十年代中期到 1994 年中国的财政系统逐渐分权,然后在 1994
分税制改革后又重新集权。计量经济分析表明,地方政府收入份额的增加确实在八十年
代中期到 1994 年增加了中国的地区收入差距,而在 1994 年收入重新集权后很小程度上
减小了地区收入差距。至于财政独立方面,在八十年代中期开始,地方政府自身收入占
财政支出的份额减小,然后在 1994 年税制改革时期经历了一个骤降。财政独立的结果
表明,财政独立在前后两个时期对地区收入差距影响不同,具体如何很大程度上取决于
财政分权是如何推行的,如财政转移的方向和地方政府的积极性。
关键词:财政分权;支出分权;财政独立;收入分权;地区收入差距
The effect of fiscal decentralization on the Chinese
regional income inequality
Abstract: This article examines the quantitative effects of the Chinese fiscal system on
the increasing regional income inequality in China, from 1978 to 2012. Fiscal decentralization
is a multifaceted concept not likely to be captured by a single measure. This paper
investigates the evolution of three aspects of fiscal decentralization including spending
decentralization, revenue decentralizationand autonomy power, and tests the effects of each
aspect on the regional income inequality in China in the past thirty-five years. Several critical
findings were obtained through econometric analysis. The fiscal decentralization on spending
side in China has contributed to rising income inequality over the last thirty-five years. On the
revenue side, the fiscal system became more decentralized from mid-1980s to 1994, and
re-centralized after the 1994 tax sharing reform. The econometric analysis indicates that the
increase in revenue decentralization from mid-1980s to 1994 indeed increased regional
浙江财经大学本科生毕业论文
III
inequality, while the revenue re-centralization in 1994 just only had a modest effect on
reducing regional inequality. In terms of autonomy power measured by how public spending
at local level of government is maintained by its own revenue, the degree of fiscal
decentralization decreased since mid-1980s, and experienced a sharp reduction in 1994 due to
the tax sharing reform. The autonomy power has mixed effects on regional inequality in the
two periods, before and after the 1994 reform. As it turns outhow fiscal decentralization is
promoted including the targeting of fiscal transfers and the incentives of local governments is
important for how it impacts regional inequality.
Key words: fiscal decentralization; spending decentralization; autonomy power;
revenue decentralization; regional income inequality
浙江财经大学本科生毕业论文
IV
1 .......................................................................................................................... 1
2 影响地区收入差距因素研究综述 .............................................................................. 2
2.1 政策、地理因素 .................................................................................................. 2
2.2 资源禀赋因素 ...................................................................................................... 2
2.3 其他因素 .............................................................................................................. 3
2.4 小结 ...................................................................................................................... 3
3 中国财政改革的制度背景 .......................................................................................... 3
4 计量经济学模型设定 .................................................................................................. 4
4.1 地区收入差距的衡量 ....................................................................................... 5
4.1.1 经济指标 ................................................................................................ 5
4.1.2 地区水平 ................................................................................................ 5
4.1.3 差距指标 ................................................................................................ 5
4.2 财政分权的衡量 ............................................................................................... 6
4.3 控制变量的选取 ............................................................................................... 6
4.4 分析方法说明 ................................................................................................... 7
5 数据描述 ...................................................................................................................... 8
5.1 地区收入差距的数据描述 ............................................................................... 8
5.2 财政分权的数据描述 ....................................................................................... 9
6 计量结果 .................................................................................................................... 10
6.1 自主权力 ......................................................................................................... 11
6.2 财政独立 ......................................................................................................... 12
7 结论和政策含义 ........................................................................................................ 15
7.1 结论 ................................................................................................................. 15
7.2 政策含义 ......................................................................................................... 16
附录 A 数学计算 .......................................................................................................... 17
参考文献 .......................................................................................................................... 19
摘要:

浙江财经大学本科生毕业论文II2014年05月财政分权对中国地区收入差距的影响摘要:本文研究的是1978年到2012年期间,财政分权对中国地区收入差距的影响。财政分权是一个多方面的概念,因此无法单一地用某个指标来衡量。本文将从支出分权、收入分权和财政独立这三个方面来探讨在过去的三十五年中财政分权的演变对中国地区收入差距的影响。通过计量经济模型分析,我得出了几个主要的结论。财政分权在支出方面导致了地区间的收入差距不断扩大;而在收入方面则在1994年有一个明显的分界点;在收入方面,八十年代中期到1994年中国的财政系统逐渐分权,然后在1994年分税制改革后又重新集权。计量经济分析表明,地方政府收入...

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作者:韩鲁英 分类:高等教育资料 价格:150积分 属性:24 页 大小:681.09KB 格式:PDF 时间:2024-09-24

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