变速恒频双馈风力发电系统转子侧控制技术的研究

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3.0 侯斌 2024-11-19 4 4 5.25MB 87 页 15积分

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摘要

随着能源危机和环境恶化问题日趋严重，开源和节流是有效解决能源危机，

改善环境的有效措施。风力发电作为开源的重要方面，近年来得到快速发展，其

中，双馈风力发电系统以其独特的优势成为市场的主流，其变速发电控制技术成

为国内外研究的热点。

响应国家新能源发展的号召，学校正在开发各种新能源科研平台，本课题依

托学校科研平台建设，对变速恒频双馈型风力发电系统转子侧控制技术进行了深

入研究，并进行 11kW 变速恒频双馈风力发电系统研发平台的搭建，主要研究内容

如下：

1．风力发电的一些关键技术研究。首先介绍风力机的原理、类型和特性，在

此基础上深入分析和研究了系统的最大风能捕获，为后文建立风力机仿真模型提

供理论依据。然后分析了目前市场上存在的几种风力发电机系统类型及其特点，

以及变速恒频型双馈风力发电系统的优点。最后介绍了系统所用网侧变流器及并

网控制技术。

2．变速恒频双馈风力发电转子侧控制技术的研究。首先，分析了变速恒频双

馈风力发电机运行的基本原理、能量流动特性及其交流励磁电源，进而对两电平

电压型背靠背的双 PWM 变流器进行了研究。然后建立了双馈风力发电机转子侧变

流器的控制模型，设计了基于定子电压定向（SVO）矢量控制的变速恒频双馈风

力发电系统方案。最后利用 Matlab/Simulink 构建了风力机模型和系统模型，并进

行了仿真研究，仿真结果表明控制策略和技术的可行性，系统实现了有功功率、

无功功率的解耦控制和最大风能跟踪控制。

3．11kW 变速恒频双馈风力发电系统的搭建，系统包括硬件设计和软件设计。

硬件部分主要设计了 DSP 控制板、转子侧变流器、驱动电路、缓冲电路、信号采

样电路和调理电路。软件部分主要是进行 DSP TMS320F2812 编程，包括主程序和

中断子程序的设计。

关键字：变速恒频双馈感应电机背靠背双 PWM 变流器矢量控制

MPPT

ABSTRACT

As the problems of energy crisis and environmental deterioration are serious,

exploring new energy and throttling are effective measures to solve the energy crisis,

and to improve the environment. As an important aspect of the exploring new energy,

wind power has been getting fast development in recent years, and the doubly-fed wind

power generation system with its unique advantages become the mainstream in the

market, and the variable speed power generation control technology becomes a research

hotspot at home and abroad.

Response to the call of the development of national new energy, the school is

developing all kinds of new energy research platforms. Depending on the school

scientific research platform construction, the subject did a research about the VSCF

doubly-fed wind power generation system control technology on the rotor side, and

constructed a research platform of an 11 kW VSCF doubly-fed wind power generation

system. The Paper Mainly Studied:

Some key technologies of the wind power were studied. In the first place, it

introduced the principles, types and characteristics of the wind turbine. On that basis,

the Maximum Power Point Tracking were analyzed and studied. In the second place, the

article analyzed several wind turbine types and characteristics of them on the market at

present, and analysed the advantages of the VSCF type doubly-fed wind power system.

In the end, the paper introduced the grid-side converter used by the development

platform and the grid control technology.

The VSCF doubly-fed wind power generation system control technology on the

rotor side. In the first place, it analyzed that the basic operation principle of the VSCF

doubly-fed wind generator, and that the energy flow characteristics of those, and that the

Ac excitation power of those, then studied the two-level voltage-type of back-to-back

double PWM converters. In the second place, Established a control model of the rotor

side converter, and designed a system of VSCF doubly fed wind power generation

based on the stator voltage orientation

（SVO）

vector control. In the end, the author built

a simulation model of the wind turbine and the system, and did the simulation with

Matlab/Simulink, the simulation results show that, the feasibility of the control strategy

and technique, the system realized the active power, reactive power decoupling control

and maximum wind power tracking control.

An 11kW VSCF doubly fed wind power generation constructed system were built,

which consists of two parts: hardware and software. The main designs of the hardware

wre: the DSP control board, rotor side converter, driving circuit, buffer circuit, signal

sampling circuit and regulation circuit. Similarly, the main design of software was the

programming based on DSP TMS320F2812, which includes the design of the main

program and interrupt procedure.

Key Word ：VSCF; MPPT; Vector control; Back-to-back dual PWM

converters; DFIG

摘要

ABSTRACT

第一章绪论.....................................................................................................................1

§1.1 课题背景和选题意义........................................................................................1

§1.2 国内外风力发电发展现状与趋势....................................................................1

§1.2.1 世界风力发电发展现状与趋势..............................................................1

§1.2.2 国内风力发电发展现状与趋势..............................................................3

§1.3 本课题主要研究的内容....................................................................................4

第二章风力发电技术概述.............................................................................................6

§2.1 风力机概述........................................................................................................6

§2.1.1 风力机类型..............................................................................................6

§2.1.2 风力机特性..............................................................................................6

§2.2 最大风能捕获...................................................................................................8

§2.3 风力发电机系统类型及其特点.....................................................................10

§2.3.1 恒速恒频风电系统与变速恒频风电系统的对比................................10

§2.3.2 变速恒频风力发电系统类型................................................................11

§2.4 网侧变流器及并网控制技术.........................................................................13

§2.4.1 网侧变流器控制技术............................................................................13

§2.4.2 并网控制技术........................................................................................15

§2.5 本章小结.........................................................................................................15

第三章变速恒频双馈风力发电转子侧控制技术.......................................................17

§3.1 变速恒频双馈发电机运行的基本原理.........................................................17

§3.1.1 双馈风力发电机变速恒频运行的基本原理........................................17

§3.1.2 变速恒频双馈发电机能量流动特性及其对变频器的要求................17

§3.1.3 变速恒频双馈发电机运行的交流励磁电源........................................18

§3.2 双馈风力发电机的数学模型.........................................................................19

§3.2.1 DFIG 在三相静止轴系

abc

下的数学模型 .......................................... 20

§3.2.2 坐标变换...............................................................................................23

§3.2.3 DFIG 在两相同步旋转

坐标系下的动态数学模型 ........................25

§3.3 DFIG 采用定子电压定向的矢量控制策略 ................................................... 26

§3.3.1 两相同步旋转坐标系下 DFIG 的矢量模型 ....................................... 26

§3.3.2 两相同步旋转坐标系下 DFIG 的功率计算 ....................................... 28

§3.3.3 DFIG 定子电压

轴定向矢量控制策略.............................................. 29

§3.4 本章小结.........................................................................................................31

第四章变速恒频双馈风力发电系统的仿真研究.......................................................32

§4.1 风力机仿真模型的搭建与仿真研究.............................................................32

§4.1.1 风力机仿真模型...................................................................................32

§4.1.2 风力机仿真模型仿真研究...................................................................32

§4.2 系统仿真模型的搭建和仿真研究.................................................................33

§4.2.1 系统仿真模型的搭建...........................................................................33

§4.2.2 系统仿真结果分析...............................................................................35

§4.3 本章小结.........................................................................................................38

第五章系统硬件设计...................................................................................................39

§5.1 双馈风力发电系统的总体设计.....................................................................39

§5.2 系统主电路设计.............................................................................................39

§5.3 双馈风力发电变流器的设计.........................................................................41

§5.3.1 功率器件的选择...................................................................................41

§5.3.2 驱动电路的设计...................................................................................42

§5.3.3 保护电路的设计...................................................................................42

§5.3.4 直流母线电容计算如下.......................................................................44

§5.3.5 信号检测电路的设计...........................................................................46

§5.3.6 信号调理电路的设计...........................................................................47

§5.3.7 电平转换电路的设计...........................................................................48

§5.3.8 11kW 双馈风力发电机组 .................................................................. 49

§5.4 双馈风力发电变流器控制电路的设计.........................................................50

§5.5 本章小结.........................................................................................................51

第六章基于 DSP 的机侧变流器控制策略的软件设计 ............................................. 52

§6.1 DSP 概述 ......................................................................................................... 52

§6.2 机侧控制系统软件设计.................................................................................52

§6.2.1 主程序设计...........................................................................................52

§6.2.2 ADC 中断服务程序 ........................................................................... 57

§6.2.3 定时器中断服务程序...........................................................................57

§6.2.4 系统软件整体设计...............................................................................63

§6.3 本章小结..........................................................................................................64

第七章总结与展望.......................................................................................................65

§7.1 总结.................................................................................................................65

§7.2 展望.................................................................................................................66

附录...............................................................................................................................67

参考文献.........................................................................................................................81

在读期间公开发表的论文和承担科研项目及取得成果.............................................82

致谢...............................................................................................................................83

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摘要：

摘要随着能源危机和环境恶化问题日趋严重，开源和节流是有效解决能源危机，改善环境的有效措施。风力发电作为开源的重要方面，近年来得到快速发展，其中，双馈风力发电系统以其独特的优势成为市场的主流，其变速发电控制技术成为国内外研究的热点。响应国家新能源发展的号召，学校正在开发各种新能源科研平台，本课题依托学校科研平台建设，对变速恒频双馈型风力发电系统转子侧控制技术进行了深入研究，并进行11kW变速恒频双馈风力发电系统研发平台的搭建，主要研究内容如下：1．风力发电的一些关键技术研究。首先介绍风力机的原理、类型和特性，在此基础上深入分析和研究了系统的最大风能捕获，为后文建立风力机仿真模型提供理论依据。然后...

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