机场可持续发展问题研究

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摘要

机场可持续发展问题，是后机场建设时代机场运营关注的焦点，近年来我国

各个机场均在探索机场可持续发展的运营与建设问题。一个机场的可持续发展问

题，是从机场规划建设开始实施，到机场运营终止为止。目前在全球范围内民用

航空机场终止运营的案例显示，机场的运营终止，是由于机场不能满足地区经济

发展模式，或严重影响地域发展的情况下被迫进行搬迁的。出现这一系列问题的

根本原因可分为两类：一是机场可持续发展未能从规划做起，使得机场的发展与

地区、地域经济、环境的发展不能协调；二是由于机场不能结合自身特点进行运

营，导致与周边不能协调，被迫停止运营。可以看出机场可持续发展问题已关乎

机场能否正常运营。

本文研究对象为已建设完成机场，不涉及机场规划等方面问题，将研究的重

点放置于机场的整体运营中。本文从机场可持续发展指标体系设计、分析评估模

型设计、机场可持续发展分析评估系统的设计与实现等问题进行研究。

在机场可持续发展评估指标体系设计方面：本文从机场可持续发展定义、目

标、投入产出以及机场可持续治理角度分析探讨了机场可持续发展系统。从机场

系统的参与者：旅客、周边群众、机场公司、航空公司、航空管理局以及地方/中

央政府的角度探讨了机场可持续发展指标体系的设计。将经典的可持续发展三维

指标系统拓展为四维指标系统(运营指标系统、经济指标系统、环境指标系统、社

会指标系统)，拓展后的指标系统能更好的阐释机场可持续发展系统中的利益相关

者所关注的指标内容，有利于机场可持续发展的分析评估方面的研究。

根据本文所设计的机场可持续发展指标，研究机场可持续发展的利益相关者

及其之间的资源竞争关系，借助可持续发展系统中的四个二级系统，利用复杂网

络中的二分网络理论建立机场可持续发展资源竞争关系网络模型。根据二分网资

源的分配模式设计了机场可持续发展资源竞争网络中的资源占有量测度；使用基

于度和集聚系数的测度模式对各个参与者之间的竞争情况进行了测度。更好的说

明各个利益相关者之间的资源占有情况。确定机场可持续发展在不同时期的资源

核心节点，对机场管理者对目前资源进行调整给予支持。

在基于改进粒子群算法的机场可持续发展指数评价模型中，利用机场运营指

标、机场环境保护指标、机场社会贡献指标、机场能耗指标，建立相应的指数普

适模型以及基于模糊理论的评估指数模型，并采用改进的粒子群算法及粒子群鱼

群混合算法分别对参数进行优化与模型求解，虽然在参数计算中得到的值有所不

同，但整体的结论一致，都符合上海机场的可持续发展现状。同时基于支持向量

机与改进的GM(1.1)方法，设计了机场能耗预警监控，用于机场能耗的消耗预测

与预警。

在机场可持续发展分析评估系统方面，以上海机场为应用背景，探讨机场可

持续发展分析评估系统的设计与实现问题。机场可持续发展分析评估系统，数据

来源于不同供应商所建立的生产系统与管理系统，针对这一数据来源的各异性的

事实，设计了机场可持续发展数据中心，对数据进行汇集与存储。考虑机场数据

及业务特征，对数据进行分类，按主题设计主题数据仓库，依照上海机场特征设

计飞行区、航站楼、场区评估主题仓库等六个主题数据仓库。最后根据上海机场

案例对机场可持续发展分析评估模型进行了设计。

本文力争对机场可持续发展问题进行全面的研究，分别设计了机场可持续发

展分析评估指标体系，对资源的占有情况进行研究。利用多种评估模型对机场可

持续发展进行评估，并设计机场可持续发展分析评估系统，对这一系统中的数据

获取与存储问题进行了重点研究。

关键词：机场可持续发展评价指标体系评价模型分析评价系

统

ABSTRACT

The issue of the sustainable development in airports is the focus of the running of

airports, and most of the airports in China try to explore it these years. The problem of

the development in an airport begins at the planning and construction of the airport and

ends at the termination of the running. It has been found from the cases of some failed

commercial airports in the world that the reason for the termination of operation is the

dissatisfaction with the local economic development mode, or being moved because of

the critical influences on the development of the region. The essential causes of these

problems can be divided into two classes: firstly, airport failed to start from the good

planning of sustainable development, makes it cannot be harmonious among the

development of the airport ,region, regional economy and the environment; secondly,

due to the airport operations cannot be combined with their own characteristics, it

cannot coordinate with the surrounding, and finally was forced to stop operation. We

can see that the airport sustainable development problem can affect the normal

operation of airports

In this paper, the objects of the study are the airports that have constructed, does

not involve the airport planning issues, and the emphasis placed on the overall

operations of the airport. The paper researches from the issues at the design of index

system of the airport sustainable development, the design of analysis and evaluation

mode, the design and realization of the analysis and evaluation system of the airport

sustainable development .

In the matter of the design of airport sustainable development evaluation index

system: this paper analyzes and explores the airport sustainable development system

from the definition, goals, input and output from the airport and airport sustainable

governance. Considers of the participants of the system: the passengers, residents,

airport companies, airlines, aviation administration and the local and central

government, it is explored for the design of sustainable development index system. The

sustainable development of the classic three-dimensional index system expands for the

four-dimensional index system (operating system, economic indicators, environmental

indicators system, social indicators system), the expanded system can better explain

the index content that concerned by stakeholders in the airport system, and also

beneficial to the study of the analysis and evaluation system.

With the help of the four secondary systems of the sustainable development

system and the second part of the complex network theory, a sustainable development

of the airport resources competition relationship network model is established in this

paper, which analyses the competition relationship between stakeholders of the

sustainable development of the airport. Using binary network resources distribution

patterns, the measure of the resources occupancy volume is designed for the

sustainable development of the airport competition network, which measures the

competition between participants based on degree and aggregation coefficient model.

Combined with the sustainable development of the Shanghai airport, the results

indicate that the model can better describe the resources competition relationship of the

sustainable development of Shanghai airport; this paper explores the key node

resources for the sustainable development of Shanghai airport; and the model can

better describe the indirect resources support relationship between the indicator and the

final participants by the role of the secondary system. The three points contribute to

govern the sustainable development of the Shanghai airport.

This paper focuses on assessing airport sustainable development ability. A new

concept to evaluate the dynamic work on sustainable development is proposed, which

is defined as airport sustainable development capacity as well as the status quo of

Shanghai airport. The index system of airport sustainable is given, which includes

Operational, Social, Environmental, Resources and energy system. The Airport

Sustainable Development Comprehensive Index (ASDCI) is proposed, and investigates

the parameter with Particle Swarm Optimization. Found that there was a marked

improvement of Shanghai airport sustainable development by empirical analysis,

especially the Environmental, Resources and energy. This mode has used in shanghai

airport’s sustainable development evaluation system.

In the matter of sustainable development evaluation system in the airport, takes

the Shanghai Airport as application background, discusses the airport design and

realization of the sustainable development evaluation system. The data of the Airport

sustainable development evaluation system comes from different vendors of

production system and management system, aiming at the fact that the source of all the

members of the opposite sex, designed the sustainable development of the airport data

center, data collection and storage. This article explored the design and implementation

problems of Sustainability Assessment Data Center for Shanghai Airport. According to

the characteristics of Shanghai airport, the airport data collection platform layer and six

theme databases were designed in this paper. This paper also designed the operator

assessment models and the user evaluation models, which strong guaranteed and

supported the validity of the evaluation of sustainable development at the airport.

This paper aims comprehensively research the problems of the sustainable

development of the airport, respectively designs the airport sustainable development

evaluation index system and studies, possession of resource conditions. Using a variety

of evaluation models to evaluate the sustainable development of the airport, design the

sustainable development evaluation system, and focus on the research on the problems

of data acquisition and storage.

Key Words：Airport, Sustainable Development, Assessment Index

System, Evaluation Model, Analysis and Evaluation System

中文摘要

ABSTRACT

第一章绪论 ..................................................................................................................... 1

1.1 研究背景和意义 ................................................................................................ 1

1.2 研究国内外研究与实践现状 ............................................................................ 2

1.2.1 机场可持续发展定义 ................................................................................. 2

1.2.2 国外机场可持续发展研究与实践现状 ..................................................... 3

1.2.3 国内机场可持续发展研究与实践现状 .................................................... 5

1.3 研究内容与成果 ................................................................................................ 6

1.3.1 研究目标 ..................................................................................................... 6

1.3.2 研究内容与成果 ......................................................................................... 6

1.3.3 创新点 ......................................................................................................... 7

1.4 论文结构 ............................................................................................................ 8

第二章可持续发展理论与方法研究进展 ..................................................................... 9

2.1 我国可持续发展问题研究现状 ........................................................................ 9

2.2 可持续发展现研究状聚类与数据获取 .......................................................... 10

2.3 可持续发展现研究状评估结果分析 .............................................................. 11

2.3.1 中国可持续发展研究内容进展 ............................................................... 11

2.3.2 中国可持续发展研究行业进展 ............................................................... 13

2.3.3 中国可持续发展研究方法进展 ............................................................... 14

2.4 本章小结 .......................................................................................................... 15

第三章机场可持续发展指标体系 ............................................................................... 16

3.1 机场可持续发展系统 ...................................................................................... 16

3.1.1 机场可持续系统发展目标 ....................................................................... 16

3.1.2 机场可持续系统的收益分析 ................................................................... 17

3.1.3 机场可持续系统的负面影响 ................................................................... 17

3.2 机场可持续发展利益相关者分析评价指标设计 .......................................... 18

3.2.1 利益相关者指标设计的优势 ................................................................... 19

3.2.2 机场可持续发展利益相关者的关系定义 ............................................... 19

3.2.3 机场可持续发展利益相关者的指标确定 ............................................... 19

3.2.4 利益相关者的四维度指标设计 ............................................................... 22

3.3 机场可持续发展评估利益相关者拓扑结构 .................................................. 29

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摘要：

摘要机场可持续发展问题，是后机场建设时代机场运营关注的焦点，近年来我国各个机场均在探索机场可持续发展的运营与建设问题。一个机场的可持续发展问题，是从机场规划建设开始实施，到机场运营终止为止。目前在全球范围内民用航空机场终止运营的案例显示，机场的运营终止，是由于机场不能满足地区经济发展模式，或严重影响地域发展的情况下被迫进行搬迁的。出现这一系列问题的根本原因可分为两类：一是机场可持续发展未能从规划做起，使得机场的发展与地区、地域经济、环境的发展不能协调；二是由于机场不能结合自身特点进行运营，导致与周边不能协调，被迫停止运营。可以看出机场可持续发展问题已关乎机场能否正常运营。本文研究对象为已建设完...

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