基于非线性振动特性的钢筋混凝土U形梁的损伤识别研究

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3.0 侯斌 2024-11-19 4 4 23.8MB 68 页 15积分
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工程结构的损伤使得结构材料性质和几何条件发生改变,再加上裂缝的产
生和发展,结构的振动特性会因此受到很大影响,所以际结构的振动都会
现出或强或弱的非线性特点。用线弹性假定来描述结构损伤前后的振动特点,便
遗漏了包含非线性特性的损伤信息,响结构损伤识别的效果。因此,采用非线
性振动特征来进行损伤识别就显得尤为重要。
钢筋混凝U梁,以其结构合理外形美观施工方便环境和谐等特点
渐成为公路、铁路桥梁和市域快轨等交通线路敷设的首选形式。U形梁得到广泛
应用的同时,为延长其使用寿命,避免灾难性事故的发生,其损伤检测也成了
多学者热门研究的领域
本文研究的工作主要有:首先,在非线性振动分析的经典理论基础之上分
析了材料和裂缝对结构非线性振动特性的影响;其次,对比了短时傅里叶变换
小波Hilbert-Huang换三的处优缺点,
择使用Hilbert-Huang变换时频分析方法对试验数据进行处理;再次,对一根1:10
缩尺筋混U试验载对
U-
EMD
Hilbert变换识别出各状态的一阶和三阶振幅-时间曲线和频率-时间曲线,并最终
得到频率-振幅图和归一化频-幅对比图
通过阶和-和归-幅对
析,得到如下结论:同一级损伤荷载条件下的同一次动测试验中,瞬时频率是
着振幅的减小而增大的,且在振幅较小处,频率变化快,在振幅较大处,频率
化较凝土U形梁很明线性,线
随着损伤的加重而呈现先增大后减小的趋势;对于一般的结构,妨将非线性振
动特性作为一种预警结构损伤的方法,对那些完整性要结构,因
损伤在损伤程度很小的围内,非线性程度随损伤程度呈
的趋势,此时,就非线性振动特性来进行损伤检测
关键词:钢筋混凝土 U形梁 非线性振动特性 HHT 频率-振幅
ABSTRACT
Engineering structure damage will cause the change of material properties,
geometric conditions. The change coupled with the emergence and development of
cracks will have a badly effect on the structure vibration features. So the vibration of
actual structure will show certain nonlinear features. Using elastic assumption to
describe the vibration features of the structure before and after damage is likely to omit
the nonlinear damage information, and this will influence the effect of the structural
damage identification. Therefore, using the nonlinear vibration characteristics for
damage identification is particularly important.
Reinforced concrete U-shaped beams with its economic structure, beautiful
appearance, convenient construction and environmental harmony gradually become the
preferred laying form of highway, railway Bridges and city fast rail. While the U-shaped
beam is widely used, to prolong its service life and avoid catastrophic accident, the
damage detection of the U-shaped beam is becoming a hot research field.
In this paper, the research work includes: firstly, analysis the influence of materials
and cracks on the structure nonlinear vibration characteristics based on the classical
nonlinear vibration theory; Secondly, compare the advantages and disadvantages of
three kinds of non-stationary signal processing namely the STFT, wavelet transform and
Hilbert Huang transform,and finally choose to use the Hilbert Huang transform time-
frequency analysis method to deal with test data in this paper; Thirdly, model test on a
simply supported reinforced concrete U-shaped beam with a scale ratio of 1:10. The
static loads on the beam cause different degree of damage. And at all levels of damage
load condition, conduct dynamic test on the U-shaped beam and collect the
acceleration- time signal; Finally, use the filter and the EMD to decompose out the first
and the third order frequency signal of each state. Then use the Hilbert transform to
identify the first and the third order amplitude-time curve and frequency - time curve of
each state, and finally get a frequency-amplitude chart and normalized frequency-
amplitude comparison chart.
Analysis based on frequency-amplitude chart and normalized frequency-amplitude
comparison chart and get the following conclusion: under the condition of the same
level damage load and the same time of the dynamic test, the instantaneous frequency is
increased with the decrease of the amplitude. While amplitude is relatively small, the
frequency changes fast and while the amplitude is relatively large, the frequency
changes slowly; The vibration of the reinforced concrete U-shaped beam shows obvious
nonlinear features. The nonlinear degree shows a trend of increase and then decrease
with the increase of damage degree; For general structure, the nonlinear vibration
characteristics can be as a method of early warning structural damage. For the structure
with higher requirements for the integrity, because it is sensitive to damage and the
nonlinear degree is increased monotonously with the damage degree within the small
scope of the damage degree, so the nonlinear vibration characteristics can be used for
damage detection.
Key Word: reinforced concrete U-shaped beam, nonlinear vibration
characteristics, HHT, frequency-amplitude
中文
ABSTRACT
章 绪 ...............................................................................................................1
1.1 结构损伤识别研究.....................................................................................1
1.1.1 结构损伤识别研究背景意义...........................................................1
1.1.2 结构损伤识别方法...................................................................................2
1.1.3 结构损伤识别研究的难.......................................................................3
1.2 非线性振动损伤识别研究的现状.....................................................................4
1.3 钢筋混凝U形梁.....................................................................................7
1.3.1 钢筋混凝U梁特...........................................................................7
1.3.2 U 形梁在国内工程中的应用...............................................................8
1.3.3 国内外研究现.......................................................................................9
1.4 本文研究的主.......................................................................................11
第二非线性振动理...........................................................................................13
2.1 引言....................................................................................................................13
2.2 非线性振动的经典理论方法...........................................................................13
2.2.1 ......................................................................................................14
2.2.2 渐进KBM ...............................................................................15
2.2.3 多尺度法.................................................................................................17
2.2.4 .................................................................................................18
2.3 非线性振动的影响...................................................................................19
2.3.1 材料对结构非线性振动的影.............................................................19
2.3.2 裂缝对结构非线性振动的影.............................................................20
2.4 小结............................................................................................................22
非平稳信号的处理方法...............................................................................23
3.1 引言....................................................................................................................23
3.2 小波变换............................................................................................................23
3.3 希尔-HHT..................................................................................25
3.3.1 HHT .................................................................................................25
3.3.2 经验模态分解EMD....................................................................25
3.3.3 Hilbert .........................................................................................27
3.3.4 小结..........................................................................................................29
3.4 小结............................................................................................................30
第四钢筋混凝U形梁试验...............................................................................31
4.1 引言....................................................................................................................31
4.2 钢筋混凝U形梁试验...........................................................................31
4.2.1 试验.................................................................................................31
4.2.2 试件与制.....................................................................................31
4.2.3 静载试验过程.........................................................................................33
4.2.4 动测试验过程.........................................................................................35
4.3 试验结果............................................................................................................38
4.4 小结............................................................................................................40
第五钢筋混凝U形梁的非线性振动损伤识别...............................................41
5.1 引言....................................................................................................................41
5.2 分析术手...............................................................................41
5.2.1 分析.................................................................................................41
5.2.2 FFT 析论..................................................................................42
5.2.3 EMD 解论........................................................................................43
5.2.4 Hilbert 换时频分析论.....................................................................45
5.2.5 小结..........................................................................................................46
5.3 钢筋混凝U形梁非线性振动特性分......................................................46
5.3.1 选择测点信号.........................................................................................46
5.3.2 U 形梁各状态下的频率识别.................................................................48
5.3.3 EMD 状态一阶和三阶频率信...............................................49
5.3.4 各状Hilbert 变换时频分.................................................................53
5.3.5 U 形梁各状态频率-振幅....................................................................57
5.4 U 形梁结构的非线性振动特性在损伤检测中的应用...................................59
5.5 小结............................................................................................................60
第六结论...................................................................................................61
6.1 结论....................................................................................................................61
6.2 ....................................................................................................................62
参考.........................................................................................................................63
1
第一
1.1 结构损伤识别研究
1.1.1 结构损伤识别研究背景意义
随着我国的不断提发展多的大型化、
复杂化和智能化的结构生。型桥梁、高层超高构、度长悬臂结构
等以外形,较力和较强越能
筑还早已服役辈建在使用过程中都会避免地遭受到地震
灾、风暴疲劳和材破坏周围境的腐蚀事件的影
响,这些影响都会对结构的健康加结构不同程度的损伤
降低结构力,极端情况导致灾难性的事故,造大的
人员
役建筑的重大事故的报道屡见
1967 12 国俄亥俄河银突然倒塌事件就使46
1994 年韩国汉江圣水大桥中段落入江1
1632 17
1999 庆綦垮塌40 14 代价,而
631 2004 52E
屋顶,造成 6人死亡受伤,其中包2
对工生了目惊的数也使人们很多工程结构
安全产生我们每天要生恐惧之中
1-1 国俄亥俄河银 1-2 国汉江圣大桥断落
摘要:

摘要工程结构的损伤使得结构材料性质和几何条件发生改变,再加上裂缝的产生和发展,结构的振动特性会因此受到很大影响,所以,实际结构的振动都会表现出或强或弱的非线性特点。用线弹性假定来描述结构损伤前后的振动特点,便遗漏了包含非线性特性的损伤信息,影响结构损伤识别的效果。因此,采用非线性振动特征来进行损伤识别就显得尤为重要。钢筋混凝土U形梁,以其结构合理、外形美观、施工方便、环境和谐等特点逐渐成为公路、铁路桥梁和市域快轨等交通线路敷设的首选形式。在U形梁得到广泛应用的同时,为延长其使用寿命,避免灾难性事故的发生,其损伤检测也成了众多学者热门研究的领域。本文研究的工作主要有:首先,在非线性振动分析的经典...

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作者:侯斌 分类:高等教育资料 价格:15积分 属性:68 页 大小:23.8MB 格式:DOC 时间:2024-11-19

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