静电纺丝制备复合纳米纤维及其在废水处理中的应用

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摘要
摘要
随着工速发展,环境污日益受到社会和重视。在境治
理领域中重金料废水的理一研工作者究的热点,也是
社会广泛注的六价铬容被人并在体内累,癌并诱发基
因突变的害。多数染料染料都具有致、致突变效应,
而染料废因具复杂,度高性大可生化解性等特点,一直
是废水治理的点,生态环境和人健康危害非常之大。因重金属六价
铬及染料废水的治理的研究具有十分重要的意义
纳米纤维具有独特新颖理及化学特性被广泛应用于环境治理领域。
研究米纤维为结合电纺技术制备具有表面积、高孔隙
及易修饰的复纳米纤维材料,用于附处理六铬和降解染料废
水。采用高分子聚丙烯腈制备纺丝溶液分别负载 Fe2+于纤维上制备 Fe/PAN
合纳米纤维既利用纳米纤维大比表面积和高孔隙率又利用二还原特性
附还原六价铬负载铁纳米二氧化钛于纤维上制备 Fe-TiO2/PAN 合纳米纤
TiO2进行改性,有效其对太阳光利用提高光催化氧化性
光催化降解染料 RG19 MG
论如下:
1 Fe/PAN 复合纳纤维
1研究通过胶凝胶法Fe/PAN 溶液后成功利用静电纺丝技术制
Fe/PAN 合纳纤维材料。纤维比表面13.8m2 g-1,并具有
稳定纤维态结构均匀为纳米孔结通过 XRD
纳米纤维具有无定形
2、作的铬分利用修饰 Fe2+还原特性纤维表面
PANFe(Π) (OH)+能与 Cr()生氧化还原应,氧化Fe(),而
Cr()还原为 Cr()或形成 PANFe1-xCrx(OH)x 构形式提高
合纳米纤维对的吸能力能将其还原为毒性Cr3+弱了铬的
毒性
3在研究实验参附处理效影响中,1.4%Fe 含量的复合纳米纤维对
去除高;研究发处于 pH 5弱酸环境,复合纳
米纤维对去除果最明显
4研究吸附等温线动力学可以Langmuir 模型动力更适
研究实验。复合纳米纤维对的吸附为分子模式
理工大学硕士位论文
108mgCr/gFeCl2
5研究利用动力模型-附行为进行
值与实验很好合度证明实验可行性;根据学分可以
-72.63KJ mol-1 研究实验热的化学过程吉布斯自由
能值随着明反由自趋向性进行
2Fe-TiO2/PAN 复合纤维
1研究通过胶凝胶法Fe-TiO2/PAN 纺丝溶液后成功利用静电纺丝技
术制备Fe-TiO2/PAN 合纳米纤维Fe-TiO2很好镶嵌在复合纳米纤
维表面纤维100nm。并具有很好的热稳定对可的吸收
2在研究光催化降解种不质染料RG19 MG 实验中,通过
实验参对光催化降解影响,发RG19 条件催化果更
,而 MG 条件理效果更1.4%Fe 含量的复合纳纤维表
的染料降解
3、研究pH 条件,同时合处染料,互相竞争影响
料的光催化都有明显根据对电子-空穴与自由添加的研究,
TBA 染料的更显实验自由基在光催化降解
染料中重要的作
4根据Julson-Ollis 模型光降解染料经一降解中间
分解为色物质,Julson-Ollis 模型研究实验值与论值很好
合性可行性
关键:静电纺丝 聚丙烯腈 二氧化钛 复合纳米纤维 染料
ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT
With the rapid development of industry, environment pollution has been
increasingly brought to the attention of the society and people. In the field of
environmental governance, heavy metals and dyes wastewater treatment has been the
focus and hotspot in the research of the scientific research worker. As is known to all,
hexavalent chromium easily absorbed and accumulated in the body, which has induced
gene mutations and cancer. At the same time, most of the dyes and dye intermediates
have carcinogenic, teratogenic and mutagenic effects, and because the dye wastewater
treatment has complex water quality, high chromaticity, high toxicity, poor biochemical
degradability, has always been the difficulty of wastewater treatment on the ecological
environment and human health hazard is very large. Therefore, for heavy metal
hexavalent chromium and dye wastewater management is imminent.
Nanometer fiber has a unique and novel physical and chemical properties, which
widely used in environmental governance, and other fields. This study is nanofibers as
base material, combined with the electrostatic spinning technology, preparation with
large specific surface area, porosity and surface modification of nanometer fiber
composite materials, which used to deal with the adsorption of hexavalent chromium
and light catalytic degradation of dye wastewater. Research in this paper, a polymer
preparation polyacrylonitrile spinning solution load Fe2+ on the fiber, the preparation of
Fe/PAN composite nanofibers, both using nanofibers large specific surface area and
porosity and using bivalent iron reduction properties, adsorption reduction hexavalent
chromium; Loaded with iron and nanometer titanium dioxide fiber, the preparation of
Fe-TiO2/PAN composite nanofibers, modification of TiO2 effectively extend its use
efficiency of sunlight, improving the performance of photocatalytic oxidation RG19 and
MG closing to the visible light.
And test conclusions are as follows:
1Fe/PAN composite nanofibers
1Preparation of the composite nanofiber morphological structure and specific surface
area is about 13.8 m2 g-1 and the existence of the nanoporous structure. The success
of Fe2+ introduction can be obtained by FTIR characteristics analysis; The XRD
analysis, this study the preparation of composite nanofiber has the characteristics of
amorphous structure.
2As a new type of chromium ion adsorbent, making full use of the modified reduction
理工大学硕士位论文
characteristics of Fe2+. On the surface of the fiber PANFe(Π) (OH)+ with Cr ()
reaction, ferrous ion is oxidized to Fe(), and Cr() is reduced to Cr(), or form
the structure of PAN Fe1-xCrx(OH)x. The composite fiber has excellent
performance of removing Cr6+, than the previous studies of the report has a faster
removal rate.
3In the study the influence of different experimental parameters on the adsorption
process efficiency, 1.4% Fe content in the composite nanofibers of chromium ion
removal efficiency is highest; At the same time, the chromium removal efficiency
with the loss of the pollutant concentration and composite nanofibers dosing
quantity increases; And, the study found that when in weak acidic conditions, pH of
5 composite nanofibers on chromium ion removal effect is most obvious.
4The adsorption isotherm and reaction kinetics can be found that Langmuir model and
fake secondary dynamics more comfortable. Composite nanofibers of chromium ion
adsorption for monolayer adsorption mode, maximum adsorption capacity for 108
mgCr/gFeCl2.
5This study also used the transient dynamics model of chromium ion adsorption -
fitting behavior of stripping, found that the theory have good fitting, numerical and
experimental data prove the feasibility of the experiment; Thermodynamic analysis
can see, enthalpy change value is 72.63 KJ mol-1 in this study for exothermic
chemical adsorption experiments reaction process; The gibbs free energy values
with the increase of temperature from negative to positive, reaction by spontaneous
tendency in the spontaneous.
2Fe-TiO2/PAN composite nanofibers
1SEM analysis suggested that Fe-TiO2 good dispersion and embedded in composite
nanofiber surface, fiber diameter of about 100 nm. And has good thermal stability
and to visible light absorption performance.
2In the research of photocatalytic degradation of two dyes with different properties
experiments, RG19 acidic and alkaline MG. By comparing the influence of different
experimental parameters light catalytic degradation, found that under acid condition
RG19 photocatalytic effect is better, and MG in alkaline conditions better treatment
effect; 1.4% of Fe content in the composite nanofibers showed the highest dye
degradation efficiency; And photocatalytic degradation efficiency of the dye with
the loss of the pollutant concentration and composite nanofiber increased with the
ABSTRACT
increasing of the dosing quantity.
3Research under the condition of different pH value, at the same time, mixed with two
kinds of dyes, because of the influence of competing with each other, photocatalytic
effect of two kinds of dyes are significantly reduced. According to the electronic -
hole with free radical inhibitor added research, found that associates to the
inhibitory effect of two kinds of dye is more significant, namely the experiment of
free radicals in the photocatalytic degradation of dye plays more important role.
4From the model of Julson - Ollis, the light degradation of dye degradation by the step
to intermediate, and then was decomposed into colorless substance, Julson - Ollis
model data suggest that this study has a good fitting experimental value with the
theoretical and feasibility.
Key wordelectrospinning, PAN, Fe, TiO2, composite nanofibers, Cr,
dye
目录
1
摘要
ABSTRACT
.................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 纳米材 ........................................................................................................... 1
1.1.1 纳米材简介 ........................................................................................ 1
1.1.2 纳米材料的特性 .................................................................................... 2
1.1.3 纳米纤维简介 ........................................................................................ 3
1.2 静电纺丝技术 ................................................................................................... 6
1.2.1 静电纺丝简介 ........................................................................................ 6
1.2.2 静电纺丝装置 ........................................................................................ 7
1.2.3 静电纺丝原 ........................................................................................ 8
1.2.4 静电纺丝 ........................................................................................ 9
1.3 聚丙烯腈纳米纤维 .......................................................................................... 11
1.3.1 聚丙烯腈纳米纤维简介 ....................................................................... 11
1.3.2 聚丙烯腈纳米纤维改性 .................................................................. 12
1.3.3 聚丙烯腈纳米纤维的应 .................................................................. 12
1.4 研究意义、内容和实验方案 ......................................................................... 13
1.4.1 研究据与意义 .................................................................................. 13
1.4.2 研究内容 .............................................................................................. 14
1.4.3 实验方案路线 .................................................................................. 15
实验内容 .......................................................................................................... 16
2.1 实验仪器 ............................................................................................. 16
2.1.1 实验 ...................................................................................... 16
2.1.2 实验 ...................................................................................... 17
2.2 实验 ......................................................................................................... 18
2.2.1 Fe/PAN 合纳纤维制备 ............................................................. 18
2.2.2 Fe-TiO2/PAN 合纳米纤维制备 .................................................... 19
2.3 ................................................................................................. 20
2.4 污染检测方 ............................................................................................. 21
2.4.1 水中残留重金属 Cr()理及 ...................................... 21
2.4.2 水中残余染料的理及 ...................................................... 22
理工大学硕士位论文
2
第三章 合纳米纤维 .............................................................................. 24
3.1 Fe/PAN 合纳米纤维 ................................................................ 24
3.1.1 SEMEDX .................................................................................. 24
3.1.2 BET ............................................................................................... 26
3.1.3 FTIR ............................................................................................. 28
3.1.4 XRD .............................................................................................. 29
3.1.5 TGA .............................................................................................. 30
3.2 Fe-TiO2/PAN 合纳米纤维 ....................................................... 31
3.2.1 SEM .............................................................................................. 31
3.2.2 FTIR ............................................................................................. 33
3.2.3 UV-vis ........................................................................................... 34
3.2.4 TGA .............................................................................................. 35
第四章 Fe/PAN 米纤维Cr()研究 ............................................. 37
4.1 实验参影响研究 ................................................................. 37
4.1.1 Fe2+含量影响 ............................................................................ 37
4.1.2 pH 影响 ......................................................................................... 38
4.1.3 纤维投加影响 .............................................................................. 40
4.1.4 Cr6+影响 .................................................................................... 41
4.2 模型 ......................................................................................................... 42
4.2.1 动力模型 .................................................................................. 42
4.2.2 附等温线模型 .................................................................................. 46
4.2.3 模型 .............................................................................. 49
4.2.4 模型 .......................................................................................... 50
4.3 ................................................................................................................. 53
第五章 Fe-TiO2/PAN 合纳米纤维光催化性研究 ................................................ 54
5.1 实验参对光催化降解影响研究 ..................................................... 54
5.1.1 Fe2+含量影响 ............................................................................ 54
5.1.2 pH 影响 ......................................................................................... 55
5.1.3 纤维投加影响 ............................................................................... 57
5.1.4 染料影响 .................................................................................. 58
5.1.5 染料的影响 .................................................................................. 59
5.1.6 电子-空穴与自由基的影响 ................................................................. 60
目录
3
5.2 模型 ......................................................................................................... 61
5.2.1 动力模型 .................................................................................. 61
5.2.2 光降解模型 .......................................................................................... 62
5.3 ................................................................................................................. 63
论与建议 ...................................................................................................... 65
6.1 ................................................................................................................. 65
6.1.1 Fe/PAN 合纳纤维重金属铬实验 ................................. 65
6.1.2 Fe-TiO2/PAN 合纳米纤维光催化染料实验 ............................ 65
6.2 建议 ................................................................................................................. 66
........................................................................................................................ 67
读期公开论文承担科研项目取得成果 ............................................ 77
................................................................................................................................ 78
1
第一章 绪论
纳米技术Nanotechnology是在世纪末诞纳米0.1nm 100nm
电子原子分子等物间的相互规律时,并
质的纳米特性用于中的科学技术纳米技术包括纳米生物学
纳米材料、纳米子学纳米动力纳米物学等中,具有独特新颖
光学电学学等特性纳米材料,受关注,研究米技术的热
广泛应用于健康航天电技术环境与能领域。
纳米技术发展,寻求提高纳米材料的特性功能性纳米材料的用性
势必人们对纳米材料研究的重点[1, 2]
1.1 纳米材料
1.1.1 简介
1米材历程
1959 诺贝尔奖获者理查德德德·费恩曼在一
演讲可以对小尺操控大扩
物性认识范围也是人历史纳米度上的科技术问题
指出研究纳米材料的特性仪器。到 时,
根据人们的地安原子奢望的环境多科
纳米技术这个概念随着科学技术20 世纪 70 年代
能实现化学生物材料,纳米技术概念被科
有关纳米技术问题[3]直到 1974 Haniguchi 早使
纳米技术词描述精密工。纳米技术才慢慢被人们
1982 扫描隧道微镜STM的发使观原子愿望了现
这个重要工具的生对纳米的发展1990 7
美国巴尔举办届国纳米技术于纳米
生物学米材纳米子学概念标志纳米学技术
[4]1991 纳米的发使纳米技术们研究的热点。
IBM 首席Armstrong 预言纳米信息
段占并发革命的作随着米材料的深入研究,
纳米使这个预言逐现实[5]
2米材定义
摘要:

摘要摘要随着工业的迅速发展,环境污染已经日益受到社会和人们的重视。在环境治理领域中,重金属及染料废水的治理一直是科研工作者研究的重点和热点,也是社会广泛关注的焦点。六价铬容易被人体吸收并在体内积累,具有致癌并诱发基因突变的危害。同时,多数染料及染料中间体都具有致癌、致畸及致突变效应,而染料废水因具有水质复杂,色度高、毒性大、可生化降解性较差等特点,一直是废水治理的难点,对生态环境和人类健康危害非常之大。因此,对重金属六价铬及染料废水的治理的研究具有十分重要的意义。纳米纤维具有独特和新颖的物理及化学特性,被广泛应用于环境治理等领域。本研究以纳米纤维为基材,结合静电纺丝技术,制备具有大的比表面积、...

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