文化语境与苏州旅游景点名的翻译

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ⅰ

Acknowledgements

This thesis is the most challenging work of my postgraduate study. Without the

help of all the following people, this thesis would not have been possible. I hereby

convey to them my thanks from the bottom of my heart.

First and foremost, I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to Associate

Professor Jiang Cheng, my supervisor, for his intellectual guidance and for his warm

and constant encouragement. He not only inspired me in the selection of the topic, but

also gave me insightful suggestions during the process of writing the thesis. With

patience and prudence, he pointed out defects in my theorizing. On top of these, he gave

me timely spiritual support whenever I felt frustrated and hesitant, keeping me moving

on. My heartfelt thanks also go to Associate Professor Wei Yongjia, who generously

spared the time from her busy schedule to offered me valuable advice on my language

polishing.

My sincere thanks also go to Prof. Shi Huifeng and Prof. Zhang Shunsheng,

extremely kind teachers in Suzhou University of Science and Technology. Prof. Shi

extended great help in conducting the Questionnaire survey, and Prof. Zhang inspired in

me interest in the research by his wonderful lectures on the appreciation of the Suzhou

Classical Gardens; I am also grateful to the adorable students, majoring in Tourism

Management of this college, serving as subjects of the Questionnaire.

I am also indebted to all the teachers in the College of Foreign Languages of USST,

who offer interesting and informative programs which have benefited me a lot during

the two years, among whom are Prof. Lü Le, Prof. Dai Weihua, Prof. Deng Zhiyong,

Prof. Wang Bin. What I gained from their profound knowledge, remarkable expertise

and intellectual ingenuity will be of everlasting significance to my future life and career.

I am also very grateful to my classmates and friends, who have given me a lot of

help and courage during my stay at the University and throughout the process of writing

this thesis.

Finally, big thanks go to my parents, who have shared with me my worries,

frustrations, and joys. They are a constant source of help, encouragement and support.

ⅱ

ABSTRACT

With the deepening of China’s opening-up, more and more foreign travelers come

to China. Places of interest are where foreigners get to know China and the Chinese

culture. Thus the translation of the names of the scenic spots becomes pivotal. However,

the names of the scenic spots contain various cultural elements, such as historical

characters, stories and poems. This makes the translation of the names of the scenic

spots extremely difficult. So the translation of the names requires the translator to

analyze the general and specific character of them, which could help to translate the

scenic spots better.

As a symbol of the Chinese culture, Suzhou classical gardens play an important

role in cross-cultural communication. An important feature of the Suzhou Classical

Gardens is that, as cultural heritage, they carry information on Chinese traditional

ideology and culture. Actually, they are the artistic gems of the country. Better

translation of the scenic spots could help to build bridges between China and other

nations, and make travelers sense the romance of the ancient poetry and prose that

influenced the gardens’ creators, which could even promote the image of our Chinese

nation in the world.

Because of the historical and cultural characteristics of the Suzhou Classical

Gardens, there is no uniform standard for translating the names of the scenic spots.

Although there are well translated versions of the scenic spots, problems still remain.

Some translations are done word-for-word. This could neither show the cultural

implication of the scenic spots, nor help the foreign travelers understand correctly.

Therefore, to improve the translation of the scenic spots is very urgent.

The author discusses the translation of the names of scenic spots of the Suzhou

Classical Gardens from the perspective of cultural context. The thesis mainly analyzes

the problems in the current translation of the scenic spots, applying Peter Newmark’s

translation theory and the characteristics of travel English to probe into the translation

of the scenic spots of the major Suzhou Classical Gardens. The author analyzes and

classifies the names of the typical and famous scenic spots of the Suzhou Classical

Gardens, namely, the Surging Waves Pavilion ( 沧浪亭), the Humble Administrator’s

Garden (拙政园), the Lion Forest Garden (狮子林), the Lingering Garden (留园), the

Master-of-Nets Garden (网师园).

ⅲ

In the core part of the thesis, the author analyzes the problems of the current

translation of the names of the scenic spots, and, on the basis of the translation theory,

brings forward some suggestions for the translation of the names of scenic spots, some

guidelines and specific methods aimed at the translation. By those principles, the author

also has a try on translating some names of the scenic spots. In addition, a questionnaire

is conducted to test the effectiveness of the translation guidelines, and the thesis

analyzes the results of the test in the last part of the chapter. The questionnaire was

conducted among the junior students majoring in Tourism Management of Suzhou

University of Science and Technology. The results of the questionnaire show that the

author’s considerations of the translation methods are all approved by most of the

respondents, and without some influencing factors, the translation methods proposed in

this thesis are quite effective and feasible in the scenic spots translation practice.

In the conclusion part, the author sums up the main idea of this thesis and points

out the limitation, and the further research of the study.

Key Words: Scenic spots in Suzhou, cultural context, characteristics of

the scenic spots, translation methods

ⅳ

摘要

随着中国对外开放的日益深入，使得外籍游客的数量与日俱增。作为了解中

国的重要窗口，旅游景点名称所起的作用是不可忽视的。但是由于旅游景点名称

中包含许多文化因素，比如著名历史人物、典故等，景点名称的翻译就变得异常

困难。进行旅游景点名称的翻译，首先要清楚景点名称有哪些共性，然后再分析

具体名称的个性。这样才能在翻译时达到最好的效果。

苏州园林，素来以山水秀丽，园林典雅而闻名天下，是江南园林的精华和代

表，素有 “江南园林甲天下，苏州园林甲江南”之誉。苏州古典园林的重要特色

之一是它不仅是历史文化的产物，同时也是中国传统思想文化的载体。因此，苏

州园林景点名的翻译，是沟通世界与中国传统文化的一座重要桥梁。好的翻译能

激发游兴，使游客身临其境而留连忘返，从而起到加强中国传统文化的对外宣传，

改善对外文化交流，提升中国的国际形象的作用。

苏州园林的名称翻译由于其历史、文化的特殊性，还没有一个标准文本，现

有的翻译版本虽也不乏佳译，但也存在许多的不足之处，有些甚至采用逐字翻译

的办法，不仅无法将其真正的文化内涵展示给世人，更有可能使一些外国游客产

生错误的理解。由此可见，如何改善苏州园林景点名的翻译是一个亟待解决的问

题，这不仅关系到我们悠久历史文化的传播和传承，更影响到我们国家的历史文

化在世界上的重要形象。

本文尝试从文化语境的角度入手，分析现存苏州园林景点名翻译的缺陷和不

足，并结合英国著名翻译理论家纽马克教授的翻译理论及旅游英语文本的特点，

着重对苏州主要古典园林景点名的翻译进行探讨。作者重点对苏州最具代表性的

园林景点进行了分析和分类，景点选取了沧浪亭、拙政园、狮子林、留园、网师

园内的著名景点。在本文的核心部分，作者首先分析了目前苏州园林景点名翻译

所存在的问题，并结合理论，提出了在景点名翻译过程中所要考虑的因素和针对

景点名的翻译方法，并据此对部分景点名进行了试译，最后作者通过问卷调查的

方法对此进行了其有效性的验证。被调查者选取了苏州科技学院旅游管理专业三

年级学生。问卷调查的结果显示，绝大部分被调查者都赞同作者提出的有关文化

语境的翻译因素，除一定的外部因素影响以外，作者提出的翻译方法是有效的可

行的。

结论部分，作者概述了全文的主要内容，指出了本研究的局限性，及进行进

一步研究的可能性。

关键词：苏州旅游景点文化语境景点特征翻译方法

CONTENTS

Acknowledgements...………………………………………………………………..…..i

ABSTRACT.....................................................................................................................ii

摘要………………………………………..............………………………………..…..iv

Chapter ⅠIntroduction .................................................................................................1

1.1 Significance of the Research ................................................................................1

1.2 Purpose of the Research .......................................................................................2

1.3 Configuration of the Thesis ................................................................................. 3

Chapter ⅡLiterature Review ....................................................................................... 4

2.1 The Definition of Translation .............................................................................. 4

2.2 A Brief Review of Translation Studies and Practice ........................................... 5

2.2.1 The Translation Strategies ............................................................................. 7

2.2.2 The Translation of Some Culture Specific Text............................................ 8

2.2.3 The Translation of Allusions ....................................................................... 10

2.3 Peter Newmark’s Translation Theory ................................................................ 11

2.3.1 Newmark’s Translation Methods .................................................................12

2.3.2 Newmark’s Translation Procedures .............................................................13

2.3.3 Newmark’s View of Translating Proper Names .......................................... 14

2.4 Translation and Culture ......................................................................................15

2.5 Translation in the Context ..................................................................................17

Chapter ⅢAnalysis of the Names of the Scenic Spots of the Major Suzhou

Classical Gardens ..........................................................................................................19

3.1 A Brief Introduction of the Suzhou Classical Gardens ......................................19

3.2 The Characteristics of the Suzhou Classical Gardens ........................................20

3.3 The Classification of the Naming Principles of the Scenic Spots ..................... 22

3.3.1 Naming after the Shape and the Content of the Architecture ......................22

3.3.2 Naming after the Plants, the Animals and the Environment ....................... 23

3.3.3 Naming after People’s Daily Life and Activities .........................................24

3.3.4 Naming after Poems, Literary Quotations and Stories ................................25

Chapter ⅣTranslation on the Scenic Spots of the Suzhou Classical Gardens ....... 27

4.1 The Problems of the Current Translation of the Scenic Spots ...........................27

4.1.1 One Chinese Name vs. Several Different English Versions........................27

4.1.2 Mistranslation Caused by Misunderstanding .............................................. 30

4.1.3 Other Mistakes in the English Versions .......................................................31

4.2 The Current Translation Methods of the Scenic Spots ...................................... 32

4.2.1 Transliteration ..............................................................................................32

4.2.2 Literal Translation ....................................................................................... 33

4.2.3 Free Translation ........................................................................................... 34

4.3 Translation Factors of the Scenic Spots .............................................................35

4.3.1 The Differences between Chinese and English Language .......................... 35

4.3.2 The Features of the Words Used to Translate ..............................................36

4.3.3 The Cultural Context of the Scenic Spots ................................................... 36

4.3.4 Communicative vs. Semantic Translation ...................................................37

4.4 Some Guiding Principles for Translating the Scenic Spots ............................... 38

4.4.1 Original-name-oriented Translation ............................................................ 38

4.4.2 Content-oriented Translation .......................................................................39

4.4.3 Background-oriented Translation ................................................................41

4.4.4 Culture-oriented Translation ....................................................................... 43

4.5 A Questionnaire to Test the Effectiveness of the Translation Guiding

Principles ..................................................................................................................46

4.5.1 Research Procedures ....................................................................................47

4.5.2 Results ......................................................................................................... 47

4.5.3 Discussion and Implications ........................................................................49

Chapter ⅤConclusion ............................................................................................... 53

Appendix Ⅰ..................................................................................................................55

Appendix Ⅱ..................................................................................................................57

Appendix Ⅲ...................................................................................................................63

References ...................................................................................................................... 67

在读期间公开发表的论文 ............................................................................................ 71

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ⅰAcknowledgementsThisthesisisthemostchallengingworkofmypostgraduatestudy.Withoutthehelpofallthefollowingpeople,thisthesiswouldnothavebeenpossible.Iherebyconveytothemmythanksfromthebottomofmyheart.Firstandforemost,IwouldliketoexpressmyheartfeltgratitudetoAssociateProfessorJiangCheng,mysupervisor,forh...

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