文学翻译中的意象转换及其策略

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3.0 赵德峰 2024-11-19 4 4 651.06KB 56 页 15积分

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Abstract

The thesis is intended to investigate image transformation in literary translation

and its strategies.

Imagery is a subject in both psychology and literary study. Simply speaking, image

is a picture formed in the mind. According to human senses, imagery can be classified

into visual, auditory, olfactory, tactile and gustatory images. According to the writer’s

intent and way of using images, imagery could be categorized into descriptive,

rhetorical, symbolic, synaesthetic and abstract images. Images abound in literary works,

esp. in poetry and novels. Then, how to actualize image transformation in literary

translation?

The thesis is based on Nida’s translation theory, Burke’s rhetorical theory and

schema theory. Nida deems that translating is communicating and its aim is to achieve

dynamic equivalence. The reader of a translated text should be able to understand and

appreciate it in basically the same manner as the original reader does. The

enlightenment that Burke’s rhetorical theory sheds on translation is: In translating, the

translator should achieve identification with both the writer of the source text and the

reader of the target text. Identification with the writer lies in content and form;

Identification with the reader consists in values, attitudes and knowledge structures.

Imagery can also be called schema. Schemata are sorted into formal schemata, content

schemata and cultural schemata. In accordance with schema theory, the translator first

comprehends the source text with his own schema, then transform it into the target text,

activating schema in reader’s mind and representing it.

Rooted in the above theories, the thesis expounds image transformation in different

literary texts and compares its features in poetry, novel and prose. Besides, it discusses

transformation of cultural images.

Then, a questionnaire which involves 121 persons is designed to evaluate whether

the translated versions actualize image transformation successfully and whether the

reader of the translation understands it basically the same way as the original reader.

Grounded in this, the thesis attempts to offer strategies for image transformation in

literary translation, i.e. analyzing formal schemata, cultivating and enriching content

schemata and establishing cultural schemata.

Key Words: Literary Translation, Imagery, Image Transformation,

Communicating, Identification, Schema

iii

摘要

本文的目的是研究文学翻译中的意象转换及其转换策略。

意象，是客观物象与主观感受结合而成的，是通过语言产生联想而反映在头

脑中的图象。意象按照给人的感官感受，可分为视觉、听觉、嗅觉、味觉及触觉

意象；按照作者使用的方式，可分为描述性、修辞性、象征性、抽象性及通感的

意象。意象在文学作品中大量存在，尤其在诗歌及小说中。那么，在文学翻译中

怎样实现意象的转换呢？

本文以奈达的翻译理论、伯克的修辞理论及图式理论作为论文的理论依据。

奈达认为，翻译是交际，翻译的目的是实现动态对等，即接受者语言中的信息接

受者应能产生与源语中的接受者基本相同的反应。伯克的修辞理论给翻译的启发

是，翻译中译者应取得两种同一，即与原文作者的同一及与译文读者的同一。与

原文作者的同一体现在内容和形式上；与译文读者的同一是基于与原文作者的同

一之上，并体现在价值观、态度及认知结构上。意象也可被称之为图式。图式可

分为形式图式、内容图式及文化图式。根据图式理论，译者首先运用自己已有的

图式去理解原文，然后将信息转换成译文，激活读者头脑中的图式，再现原文表

达的内容。

运用以上理论，本文论述了在不同文学体裁中的意象转换，比较了诗歌、小

说、散文中意象转换的不同特征。另外，还讨论了文化意象的转换。

为了比较译文中的意象是否得到成功转换、译文读者是否与原文读者取得基

本相同的反应，本文设计了共有 121 人参与的问卷调查。问卷针对中外读者，调

查译文读者是否与原文读者取得基本相同的感受，进而评断译文的成功与否。在

此基础上，本文试着提出了文学翻译中意象转换的策略，即分析形式图式、培养

和丰富内容图式及建立文化图式。

关键词：文学翻译，意象，意象转换，交际，同一，图式

Contents

Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................................i

Abstract .....................................................................................................................................ii

摘要 ...................................................................................................................................iii

Chapter One Introduction .................................................................................................. 1

Chapter Two Theoretical Framework and Basis ..............................................................3

§2.1 Nida’s Translation Theory .............................................................................................. 3

§2.1.1 Translating as Communicating and Receptor .......................................................... 3

§2.1.2 Dynamic Equivalence .............................................................................................. 4

§2.2 Burke’s Rhetorical Theory ..............................................................................................4

§2.2.1 Identification ............................................................................................................ 4

§2.2.2 Identification of the Translator with the Writer of the Source Text ......................... 6

§2.2.3 Identification of the Translator with the Reader of the Target Text ......................... 7

§2.3 Schema Theory ............................................................................................................... 7

§2.3.1 Definition of Schema ............................................................................................... 7

§2.3.2 Schema Theory .........................................................................................................8

§2.3.3 Types of Schemata ................................................................................................... 8

§2.3.4 Schema Activation and Instantiation ......................................................................10

§2.4 Summary ....................................................................................................................... 11

Chapter Three Image Transformation in Literary Translation ....................................13

§3.1 Literature and Literary Translation ............................................................................... 13

§3.2 Imagery in Literary Translation .................................................................................... 14

§3.2.1 Definition of Imagery .............................................................................................14

§3.2.2 Categories of Imagery ............................................................................................17

§3.3 Image Transformation in Literary Translation ..............................................................21

§3.3.1 Image Transformation in Poetry ............................................................................ 22

§3.3.2 Image Transformation in Novel ............................................................................. 29

§3.3.3 Image Transformation in Prose .............................................................................. 31

§3.4 Transformation of Cultural Images ...............................................................................33

§3.4.1 Cultural Images ...................................................................................................... 33

§3.4.2 Image Differences in Chinese and Western Cultures .............................................34

§3.5 Summary .......................................................................................................................36

Chapter Four Image Transformation Strategies ............................................................ 37

§4.1 Questionnaire ................................................................................................................37

§4.1.1 Procedures ..............................................................................................................37

§4.1.2 Results ....................................................................................................................38

§4.1.3 Discussion and Implication ....................................................................................38

§4.2 Image Transformation Strategies ..................................................................................40

§4.2.1 Form and Content ...................................................................................................40

§4.2.2 Analyzing Formal Schemata .................................................................................. 41

§4.2.3 Cultivating and Enriching Content Schemata ........................................................41

§4.2.4 Establishing Cultural Schemata ............................................................................. 42

Chapter Five Conclusion ....................................................................................................... 43

Appendix ................................................................................................................................. 45

Bibliography ............................................................................................................................50

在读期间公开发表的论文 ...................................................................................................... 53

Chapter One Introduction

Before my graduate study, I was already interested in translation. Yet it was made

clear later that translation I conceived that time was just translation skills. Translation is

a discipline closely related to linguistics, psychology, culture and society etc.

Contemporary translation studies endeavor to construct it as a science and explore its

rules. It is from this starting point that I begin to have a new vision of translation.

In recent years, researches on translation boom with the development of literary

theories. Many studies have been carried out in the field of literary translation, yet still

certain aspect is not covered. In translating, some translated versions fail to convey

images in the original text, lessening its appeal and resulting in ineffective translation.

Adequate transformation of images is not paid much attention to in the process of

translating which it deserves.

Though imagery has a long history in both West and China, especially in Chinese

literature, and imagery abounds in literary texts, mainly poetry, novel and idioms, etc.,

there is not a systematic research on image transformation in literary translation up to

now. The thesis is an attempt on this issue. On observing the reason and the way of

image transformation, the thesis finally arrives at some transformation strategies.

In the thesis, Nida’s translation theory, Burke’s rhetorical theory and schema theory

are referred to. Nida’s translation theory has exerted enormous influence on translation

studies in Western countries. He takes translating as communicating and deems that the

translator should accomplish dynamic equivalence while translating. Burke’s rhetorical

theory also sheds light on translation. In accordance with “identification” theory, the

translator should achieve identification with both the writer of the source text and the

reader of the target text to actualize their communication. Schema theory has been

widely applied to the teaching of reading, yet not much to translation. The thesis

borrows it as one of its theoretical bases.

Imagery was first put forth in the translation field by Czech translation theorist

Bohuslav Ilek in his “On Translating Images”1. According to him, imagery is a complex

fusing of specific literary and aesthetic traditions. Also some Chinese translation

researchers have attempted to propose views on it. For instance, Jiang Qiuxia proposes

1B. Ilek. “On Translating Images” in The Nature of Translation (ed.) James S. Holmes. Bratislava: Publishing House

of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, 1970.

Image Transformation in Literary Translation and Its Strategies

“Image Gestalt” transformation model in literary translation in her book Aesthetic

Progression in Literary Translation: Image-G Actualization (2002), which underlines

the actualization of aesthetic images through transformation. In the book, she elaborates

image-gestalt in literary translation and discusses the role of the translator. Besides,

many other studies extend over translation of images in poetry.

The thesis exemplifies image transformation in literary translation and explains the

reason and the way of it, elaborating in terms of translator-reader interaction.

The structure of the thesis is as follows: Chapter One is a brief introduction and

touches upon theories in general. Chapter Two is the theoretical framework and basis. It

analyzes Nida’s translation theory, Burke’s rhetorical theory and schema theory. Chapter

Three is of image transformation in literary translation. It discusses transformation of

images in different types of literary texts and, in particular, transformation of cultural

images. Chapter Four presents a questionnaire and draws image transformation

strategies afterwards. Chapter Five comes to a conclusion of the thesis.

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iiAbstractThethesisisintendedtoinvestigateimagetransformationinliterarytranslationanditsstrategies.Imageryisasubjectinbothpsychologyandliterarystudy.Simplyspeaking,imageisapictureformedinthemind.Accordingtohumansenses,imagerycanbeclassifiedintovisual,auditory,olfactory,tactileandgustatoryimages.Acco...

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