楼宇温度远程智能控制系统研究与开发

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摘要

改革开放以来，中国社会生产力空前增强，经济实力稳步增长，人民对生活

水平、生活质量的呼声也愈加强烈。在居住环境方面，传统的供暖设备已经无法

满足人们的需求。尤其进入新世纪以来，人们更加地追求家居生活的舒适度、方

便性和智能化。要实现这一目标，使家居环境随时随地在于掌控之中，关键在于

网络化。现行的有线组网技术设备移动不便、布线复杂的缺陷使之无法担当这一

重任，而传统的无线网络技术传输成本相当高，而且极其不稳定。

无线传感器网络（Wireless Sensor Networks,WSN），是基于传感器节点架构

的网络，具有易使用、成本低及泛在感知等特点，可有效地采集到其分布区域内

的信息。目前，楼宇控制领域使用的 WSN 节点有 50%是基于 IEEE 802.15.4 协议，

包括：ZigBee 协议、Wireless HART 与6LoWPAN 标准，以及中国自主研发的

WIA-PA 标准等。由于其运行成本低、易于扩展、传输可靠、性能稳定，在军事

侦察、工农业生产、环境监测、医疗监护、家居和建筑等领域有广泛的应用前景。

鉴于此，本文介绍一种基于 WSN 的楼宇温度远程智能控制系统。系统采用

高性能、低功耗的 32 位ARM7 处理器作为内核，其控制模块作为主 MCU 完成

对整个系统的主要控制。系统采用复杂度低、成本和功耗均较小的低速短距离的

WSN——ZigBee 技术，完成短程无线组网。ZigBee 核心模块相当于一个网关，

ZigBee 节点根据协议完成短程无线组网，以实现对固定区域的监测。为了实现远

程控制，系统引入了 GSM 模块。运行时，系统通过 ZigBee 终端节点携带的温度

传感器，周期性地采集环境温度，并发送数据给 ZigBee 网关，网关通过串口将数

据回馈给主 MCU 分析处理。系统 MCU 通过网关将结果反馈给 ZigBee 终端节点。

用户通过发短信或上网的方式对系统进行远程控制。系统预留了 ADXL 和GPS

外设，可以方便用户对发生意外的楼层迅速定位，使损失降到最低。

本文先概述了 ZigBee、GPS 和GSM 三种协议标准，主要介绍 ZigBee 短程无

线组网协议；然后详细介绍了楼宇温度远程智能控制系统的整体设计方案、终端

硬件设计和软件实现；最后对实验结果及系统整体性能分析总结。通过实验测试

表明，基于 ZigBee 协议的 WSN 可以随意增减温度采集点、自动组网、具有较长

的生命周期、使用方便。GSM 模块可以准确接收手机短信，并完成相应操作。

关键字：楼宇温度、智能控制、无线传感器网络、ZigBee 协议

ABSTRACT

Since China's reform and opening up, China's social productivity has got an

unprecedented enhancement, and China has been a steady rise in economic strength.

People's calling for standard of living and quality of life has also become more and

more strong. In terms of living environment, the traditional heating equipments

obviously can't satisfy people's needs. Especially since entering new century, the

people to pursue household life more comfortable, dictionaries and intellectualization.

To achieve this goal, make household environment is under control at anytime and

anywhere, the key lies in the network. The existing cable network technology of

mobility, complex wiring defect can't bear this responsibility. And wireless network

technology transmission cost is quite high, and extremely unstable.

Wireless Sensor network (Wireless Sensor Networks, WSN), is a network of

Sensor nodes, is easy to use, low cost and extensive in perception and other

characteristics, which would collect information in its distribution area effectively and

provide a large amount of data for processing. At present, more than half of WSN

nodes in the field of building control based on the IEEE 802.15.4 protocol, mainly

includes: ZigBee protocol, Wireless HART and 6LoWPAN standard, and the standard

of Chinese independent research and development of WIA - PA. Because of its low

running cost, easy extension, reliable transmission, stable performance, in the military

reconnaissance, industrial and agricultural production, environmental monitoring,

medical care, home and construction, and other fields, it will have broad application

prospects.

In view of this, this paper introduces a remote adaptive building temperature

control system based on WSN. System, with a low complexity and smaller cost and

power consumption's low-speed short distance wireless sensor technology which called

ZigBee, complete the short-range wireless networking. The system adopts ARM7

processor as the core, communicates with the main ZigBee node which is like a

gateway. System also designed the ADXL and GPS module to precise positioning

system, GSM module of it implements remote real-time control. At running time, the

system ,with the temperature sensor of ZigBee module, periodically collects

environmental temperature, and sends the data to the ZigBee gateway, the gateway

reback data to the main controller for analysis and processing via a serial port.

This paper first summarizes the ZigBee, GPS and GSM protocol standard, mainly

introduces the ZigBee short-range wireless networking protocol; And then introduced

overall design scheme of the remote adaptive building emperature control system,

terminal hardware design and software implementation; Finally, the experimental

results and the performance of the system are analyzed. Experimental tests show that

the WSN based on ZigBee protocol can casually plus or minus temperature field sites,

automatic network, has a long life cycle, easy to use. The GSM module can accurately

communicate with mobile phone, and complete the corresponding operation.

Key Word: Temperature of the Building，

Intelligent Control, Wireless

Sensor Network, ZigBee Protocol

摘要

ABSTRACT

第一章绪论............................................................................................................1

1.1 课题来源及其研究意义.................................................................................1

1.2 国外楼宇自动化研究进程及趋势.................................................................2

1.3 国内楼宇自动化研究进程及趋势.................................................................2

1.4 本文章节安排.................................................................................................3

第二章 ZigBee 协议及 GPS 和GSM 技术概述.....................................................4

2.1 国内外无线传感器网络现状及发展前景.....................................................4

2.2 ZigBee 协议概述.............................................................................................5

2.2.1 互操作性..................................................................................................6

2.2.2 设备类型..................................................................................................6

2.2.3 设备角色..................................................................................................6

2.3 ZigBee 网络拓扑及其形成过程....................................................................7

2.4 ZigBee 协议通信基石....................................................................................9

2.4.1 多路访问机制..........................................................................................9

2.4.2 数据传输方式..........................................................................................9

2.4.3 寻址方式..................................................................................................9

2.5 ZigBee 无线网络协议层功能.......................................................................10

2.5.1 PHY 层....................................................................................................10

2.5.2 MAC 层...................................................................................................11

2.5.3 网络层....................................................................................................12

2.5.4 APL 层.................................................................................................... 13

2.5.5 安全性....................................................................................................13

2.6 GPS 技术概述............................................................................................... 13

2.6.1 GPS 发展状况........................................................................................ 13

2.6.2 GPS 系统构成........................................................................................ 14

2.6.3 GPS 定位基本原理................................................................................ 14

2.6.4 GPS 定位技术应用................................................................................ 15

2.7 GSM 技术概述..............................................................................................15

2.7.1 GSM 系统结构.......................................................................................15

2.7.2 GSM 移动数据业务...............................................................................16

2.8 本章小结.......................................................................................................17

第三章楼宇温度远程智能控制系统整体设计....................................................18

3.1 系统整体设计...............................................................................................18

3.1.1 系统的整体设计要求............................................................................18

3.2 设计方案.......................................................................................................18

3.2.1 远程控制方案........................................................................................18

3.2.2 短程组网方案........................................................................................19

3.2.3 温度测量方案........................................................................................21

3.2.4 微处理器选择方案................................................................................22

3.3 结构图...........................................................................................................22

3.3.1 系统通信结构图....................................................................................22

3.3.2 ZigBee 网络拓扑结构............................................................................23

3.4 本章小结.......................................................................................................23

第四章系统硬件设计............................................................................................25

4.1 基于 LPC2103 的微处理器核心模块设计................................................. 25

4.1.1 系统 MCU 时钟和复位电路................................................................ 25

4.1.2 系统 MCU 电源滤波电路及调试接口电路........................................ 27

4.2 GPS 定位模块设计....................................................................................... 28

4.3 GSM 模块设计..............................................................................................29

4.4 CC2530 通信模块设计................................................................................. 32

4.5 温度采集模块设计.......................................................................................34

4.6 ADXL345 模块设计......................................................................................35

4.7 电源模块设计...............................................................................................36

4.8 本章小结.......................................................................................................36

第五章软件设计与实现........................................................................................38

5.1 LPC2103 微处理器系统控制功能程序设计............................................... 38

5.1.1 PLL 频率计算.........................................................................................38

5.1.2 外部中断逻辑........................................................................................39

5.2 LPC2103 微处理器外设控制功能程序设计............................................... 40

5.2.1 GPS 模块通信程序设计（UART0）....................................................40

5.2.2 GSM 模块通信程序设计（UART1）.................................................. 41

5.2.3 ADXL 模块程序设计（I2C）............................................................... 44

5.2.4 CC2530 串口通信程序设计（SPI）.................................................... 46

5.3 CC2530 短程组网程序设计......................................................................... 48

5.4 温度信号采集程序设计...............................................................................50

5.5 本章小结.......................................................................................................51

第六章系统运行调试及实验结果分析................................................................52

6.1 实验环境搭建...............................................................................................52

6.1.1 实验目的................................................................................................52

6.1.2 实验平台搭建........................................................................................52

6.2 实验结果及分析...........................................................................................53

6.2.1 短程组网分析........................................................................................53

6.2.2 远程控制分析........................................................................................59

6.3 实验结果整体分析.......................................................................................64

6.4 本章小结.......................................................................................................65

第七章结论与展望................................................................................................66

7.1 设计工作总结...............................................................................................66

7.2 研究展望.......................................................................................................66

参考文献..................................................................................................................68

攻读硕士学位期间公开发表的论文和承担的项目..............................................72

一、论文..............................................................................................................72

二、科研项目......................................................................................................72

致谢......................................................................................................................73

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摘要：

摘要改革开放以来，中国社会生产力空前增强，经济实力稳步增长，人民对生活水平、生活质量的呼声也愈加强烈。在居住环境方面，传统的供暖设备已经无法满足人们的需求。尤其进入新世纪以来，人们更加地追求家居生活的舒适度、方便性和智能化。要实现这一目标，使家居环境随时随地在于掌控之中，关键在于网络化。现行的有线组网技术设备移动不便、布线复杂的缺陷使之无法担当这一重任，而传统的无线网络技术传输成本相当高，而且极其不稳定。无线传感器网络（WirelessSensorNetworks,WSN），是基于传感器节点架构的网络，具有易使用、成本低及泛在感知等特点，可有效地采集到其分布区域内的信息。目前，楼宇控制领域使用...

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