浙江省农村最低生活保障

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硕士学位论文

摘要

农村最低生活保障制度是对农村传统社会救济制度的改进，改变了以往救济

制度的范围狭窄、救济标准低、工作制度不规范等弱点，实现了制度化救助，缓

解居高不下的城乡差距。它与农村社会养老保险、新型农村合作医疗构成农村社

会保障体系的三大基石，它能否顺利运转关系到农村社会的稳定、国家的政治稳

定和新农村建设问题，因此它在构建农村和谐社会及推动社会主义新农村建设过

程中具有不可替代的重要作用。随着农村最低生活保障制度在全国展开之际，审

视已经实行十余年的浙江省农村最低生活保障制度，分析该制度在全省实施状况，

总结农村最低生活保障制度的“浙江经验”，并依据公共财政、行政管理等理论对

现存问题的原因进行深入探讨，以此提出改进农村最低生活保障制度的建议，研

究逻辑分如下五部分展开：

第一部分为引言。说明本论文研究的研究背景、研究问题的理论意义与实际

意义，研究方法与数据来源、论文的框架与研究思路、文章可能的创新之处、理

论研究综述。

第二部分为浙江省农村最低生活保障制度历史演进。在对浙江省民政档案史

志文献等资料分析基础上，分别考察了从 1949 年到 1991 年前的农村社会救济阶

段和 1991 年以来的农村最低生活保障制度发展阶段两大阶段，系统认识浙江省农

村最低生活保障制度政策，从而总结该制度实施现状。

第三部分为最低生活保障制度国际比较。用比较分析法分别对德、美、日、

韩具有不同文化底蕴的四国社会救助政策进行研究，并总结出这些国家的社会救

助制度具有国家是救助的主体、种类繁多而又人性化救助内容、强有力的救助执

行机构等启发性经验。

第四部分为浙江省农村最低生活保障制度评价。在阐述公平、效率和可持续

性三大标准评价依据的基础上，依据这三大标准提出适合农村最低生活保障制度

的评价子项目。结合浙江省 11 个地市的实际情况，运用该评价指标对浙江省农村

最低生活保障制度进行实证分析，总结浙江省农村最低生活保障制度存在公平性

低、整体效率低及财政可持续性不高等不足之处。

第五部分为浙江省农村最低生活保障制度存在问题原因分析及建议。根据第

四部分总结的问题，从历史与现实两大角度分析这些问题存在的原因，并从公共

财政投入、财权与事权相匹配、农村低保制度组织机构设置、农村低保制度自身

建设等方面提出相应建议。

硕士学位论文

为了能够较好地完成上述各部分研究内容，本文在研究中采用定性分析为主，

定量分析为辅的研究方法。本文的主要创新之处在于：研究视角上，以社会保障

基本目标为评价标准，对浙江省农村最低生活保障制度实施效果进行评价，扩展

了研究视角，这在目前研究中较少涉及，并着重探讨了农村最低生活保障制度评

价指标，形成系统、完整的分析研究框架；研究内容上，在梳理浙江省农村最低

生活保障制度历史和对最低生活保障制度的国际经验进行总结之后，以公平、效

率、可持续性为评价指标，并据此运用社会保障学、行政管理学、财政学等学科

对该制度进行评价，指出该制度存在公平性低、整体效率低及财政可持续性不高

等问题，在此基础上从历史与现实两方面来探讨这些问题的形成原因，进而提出

从公共财政、组织机构及农村最低生活保障制度自身建设等方面完善农村最低生

活保障制度。

关键词：最低生活保障；公共财政；公平；效率；可持续性

硕士学位论文

III

ABSTRACT

For the rural area, subsistence allowance system is the improved version of

troditional social relief system, which improved in the past the narrow relief scale, the

low relief standard and the misruling management, realized the systematized relief and

provided an approach for releasing the deeper gap between the urban area and the rural

area. Together with old-age pension and now type of cooperative medical insurance of

the rural area, the subsistence allowance consist the three essential parts for the social

sucurity for the rural area, and whose successful excution has an important bearing on a

variety of social issues such as maintaining social stability in the rural area and political

stability throughout the country and, new countryside construction. It can be said that

the subsistence allowance system takes an important role in the construction of

harmonious society and the promotion of progress in new socialist countryside

construction. It is necessary to review the subsistence allowance system which has

already been carried out for about 10 years, analyze and estimate the excuting condition

of it in Zhejiang Province, make an in-depth study on the issues in carrying out the

system in accordance with relatively theory of public finance and Administrative

Management, put forward the advice for improving the subsistence allowance of the

rural area with the subsistence allowance for th rual area spranding throghout the

country. The research context of the article mainly develops the following five portions.

The first portion of the article is introduction,which illustrates the context of this

research; theoretical and practical meaning; data resource, strcuture of this paper,

research method and innovations.

The second portion of the article is the historical evolvement on subsistence

allowance system in Zhejiang Province.Separately reviewed the development and

improvement of the subsistence allowance system from 1949 to 1991 and, 1991 to 2009,

and systematic analyzed the establishment and implementation condition of each items

of the policy in the subsistence allowance in Zhejiang Province, basing on the analysis

of documents and literatures relative to the civil affairs of Zhejiang.

The third portion of the article is the comparative relation of the subsistence

allowance in the world.Sepratively analyzed the social relief policy in Gemany, the

United State, Japan and Korea in adopting the comparative analysis method,

硕士学位论文

summarizing thefollowing preverant experiences, such as nation is the main body of the

relief, the contexts of the social relief are numerous and human-centric, it is necessary to

build up powerful relief excuting organization.

The fourth portion of the article is the estimation of the subsistence allowance for

the rural area, in Zhejiang Province. Putting forward suitable sub-programm for the

subsistence wllowance for the rural area and constrtucting the estimating system for it,

basing on setting forth the standartd estimating basis(e.g.fairness, efficiency and

sustainability). And making demonstrative analysis to the subsistence allowance system

in Zhejiang Province under using the estimating system in conbination with the pratical

conditions of 11 cities in Zhejiang Province, draw some important conclusions that the

characteristics of the system show unfairness, low efficiency and weak sustainability.

The fifth portion of the article presents the problems in the subsistence allowance

system for the rural area, the reason analysis and advices thereis. According to the

resulting conclusions of the fourth portion, spread the analysis on the reasons of

forming these problem from historical point and present point,and put forward relative

advices on public finance input, match controlling between financial power and

enterprise, the construction of subsistence allowance system orgnization for rural

area,and its self-improvement.

This article Make the qualitative analysis primary and the quantitative analysis

supplementary on the research progress. The main innovations are: on the point of the

research vision of view, it took estimation, which is less involved in current research, on

the excuting effect of subsistence allowance system of Zhejiang Province under taking

the essential purpose of social security as estimating standard, this Enlarged the research

vision of view, and emphatically discussed about subsistence allowance in rural area

estimating index, forming system, entire sturcture of analysis and research; on the

context of research, with arranging the history of subsistence allowance in rural area in

Zhejiang Province and the conclusion of experience of the subsistence allowance in the

world,constructing the estimating system of subsistence allowance for rural area in

Zhejiang Province, and hereby applying subjects, for example, Social Security science,

Administration Science and cameralistics to estimating the system such that indicate

that the system presents some serious problem such as unfairness, low efficiency and

weak sustainability, upon of which spread the analysis on the reasons of forming these

problem from historical point and present point, subsequently, put forward the advices

for improving the subsistence allowance for the rural area on the public finance,

硕士学位论文

organization and the construction of the subsistence allowance itself.

Keywords: Minimum Living Security; Public Finance; Justice; Efficiency; Sustaining

硕士学位论文

第一章导论................................................................................................................3

第一节选题的背景和意义................................................................................3

第二节论文研究思路和框架............................................................................3

第三节论文的研究方法、数据来源与创新之处............................................3

第四节文献综述................................................................................................3

第二章浙江省最低生活保障制度演进....................................................................3

第一节 1949-1991 年浙江农村社会救济制度发展历程.................................3

第二节浙江省农村最低生活保障制度发展历程............................................3

第三节浙江省农村最低生活保障制度现状分析............................................3

第三章农村最低生活保障制度国际比较研究........................................................3

第一节德国：完善而又人性化的最低生活保障制度....................................3

第二节美国：受价值观影响的公共救助政策................................................3

第三节日韩：相邻国家最低生活保障制度的特色........................................3

第四节国外最低生活保障制度的主要经验总结............................................3

第四章浙江省农村最低生活保障制度评价............................................................3

第一节农村最低生活保障制度评价指标确立................................................3

第二节浙江省农村最低生活保障制度公平标准分析....................................3

第三节浙江省农村最低生活保障制度效率标准分析....................................3

第四节浙江省农村最低生活保障制度可持续性标准分析............................3

第五节浙江省农村最低生活保障制度评价总结............................................3

第五章浙江省农村最低生活保障制度存在问题的原因分析与建议....................3

第一节原因分析................................................................................................3

第二节浙江省农村最低生活保障制度建议....................................................3

第三节论文的不足之处与研究展望..................................................................3

参考文献........................................................................................................................3

后记

............................................................................................................................3

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摘要：

硕士学位论文I摘要农村最低生活保障制度是对农村传统社会救济制度的改进，改变了以往救济制度的范围狭窄、救济标准低、工作制度不规范等弱点，实现了制度化救助，缓解居高不下的城乡差距。它与农村社会养老保险、新型农村合作医疗构成农村社会保障体系的三大基石，它能否顺利运转关系到农村社会的稳定、国家的政治稳定和新农村建设问题，因此它在构建农村和谐社会及推动社会主义新农村建设过程中具有不可替代的重要作用。随着农村最低生活保障制度在全国展开之际，审视已经实行十余年的浙江省农村最低生活保障制度，分析该制度在全省实施状况，总结农村最低生活保障制度的“浙江经验”，并依据公共财政、行政管理等理论对现存问题的原因进行深入...

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