我国地方政府融资平台贷款信用风险控制研究

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摘要
地方政府通过融资平台举债发展,一定程度上促进了我国城市化的发展,
有效解决我因地方政府财力不足制约地方经济发展的问题,同时在经济危机下
通过拉动投资对宏观经济运行下行形成一定阻力。而融资平台贷款与其他融资方
式相比,因与商业银行的联系具有天然的便利性,融资平台贷款敞口在 2008 年
金融危机后因而有了爆发式扩张。但是由于地方政府融资平台本身也存在很多问
题,影响到债务的偿付能力,进而通过其贷款将信用风险传导至商业银行。我国
银监会目前对商业银行以“降新控旧”为目标的监管,但目前一方面融资平台
贷款虽然增速有所下降,但有一定的新增贷款授信;另一方面,融资平台贷款
存量规模仍然处于高位,需要在贷款期内进行监控,到期后对是否展期续贷作
出决策。
现阶段我国对融资平台贷款信用风险研究也比较多,但绝大部分都是或者
是研究融资平台贷款的规模和总量的研究,本文将融资平台贷款的信用风险形
成机理、原因的定性分析与信用风险测度的定量分析结合进行分析研究。
全文共分为五大部分:
第一部分问题的提出,主要是梳理了国内外专家学者对地方政府融资或融
资平台贷款的信用风险的研究成果及几种不同信用风险度量方法的综述。
第二部分理论基础,界定地方政府融资平台的相关概念,通过融资平台公
司的分类,分析其政府背景市场定位的性质。同时,作为融资平台贷款信用风险
的主要承担者,对商业银行信用风险控制理论从风险管理目标、风险控制原则及
信用风险控制基本方法来阐述,并分析融资平台与银行贷款信用风险的关系。
第三部分为主线,对我国融资平台贷款形成进行分析阐述,结合融资平台
贷款数据的现状,分析出目前融资平台贷款信用风险的原因。在定性分析的基础
上,、基于上海市融资平台公司的财务数据与上海市经济、财政指标构建融资平
台贷款的信用风险度量模型,认为地方经济、财政收支情况,公司规模,利息保
障能力与信用风险由正相关关系。而企业的盈利能力和偿债能力则没有体现这种
关系。运用多分类 Logistic 模型探析融资平台贷款的信用风险度量,是本文的
特色,通过定性与定量分析的结合,希望探讨出商业银行对融资平台贷款在授
信以及贷后监管时的度量其信用风险的科学的方法和途径。
第五部分为商业银行对地方融资平台贷款在授信,贷后管理的政策建议,
以及 地方政府对融资平台贷款的总量控制、制度管理控制的政策建议。
关键词:地方政府融资平台贷款 信用风险控制 有序多分类 Logistic 模型
ABSTRACT
A series of government-funded infrastructure investment was conducted all over
China, to drive local economic grow due to sluggish overseas demand suffered from
global financial crises. The volume of local government debt has increased drastically
since then. Lack of money has long been the key factor to restrain local social and
economic development, therefore, to some extent, financing through fiscal debt
address the capital issues when all local and central government are facing finance
gaps between income and expenditure. This stimulates urbanization in China and
inflicts an adverse impact on economic downtrend due to economic crisis.
However, there’re also many factors that may leads to solvency issues in local
government financing platform, generating credit risk and then transferred credit risk
to commercial banking system. Therefore, from the commercial bank side, there’s still
a giant amount of outstanding exposure regarding to local government financing
platform on the one hand, on the other hand is that there is still few part of local
government financing platform get new facility granting. This paper will mainly
concentrate on the credit risk of local government financing platform through
qualitative and quantitive analysis. The conclusion may bring positive effect to
measure and control of credit risk of local government financing platform
theoretically and in practice.
Analyzing from phenomenon to nature cause, the entire paper can be divided into
six chapters. In Chapter 1, the major is about paper focuses on credit risk of local
government financing platform facility. There is a brief background introduction and
organized related paper on this issue. Chapter 2 is mainly about theories. First the
credit risk management of commercial banks theory and local government financing
theory are stated separately. And with the 2 methodology introduced above,
summarize the theory about credit risk of local government financing platform loans.
In Chapter 3, in the beginning is the historical development of local government
platform, and followed by the statistic figures on its debt and loans. Based on the two
parts, the article begins to summarize the characteristics of credit risk of local
government financing platform loan and then digs the root cause of its credit, which
lies in facility granting preferences from bank, solvency problem from local
government platform and also about the own operation uncertainties in government
financing platform companies nature. The fourth Chapter uses Shanghai financing
platform companies as sample to establish the measure model of its credit risk of its
local government financing platform loans based on Logistic model. And we arrived
at the conclusion that factors combined economic and fiscal side with company
financial ratios are needed to estimate credit risk of local government financing
platform. Especially, the result show no direct statistical relation between probability
ratio and credit risk. In Chapter 5, the article proposes some policy advice for banks to
make bank facility granting and loan management.
Key Word :Local Government Financing Platform Facility Credit
risk Control Principal Component Analysis
目录
摘要
ABSTRACT
第一章 问题提出.............................................................................................................1
§1.1 研究背景及意义................................................................................................1
§1.2 文献综述...........................................................................................................2
§1.2.1 国外文献综述..........................................................................................2
§1.2.2 国内文献综述..........................................................................................4
§1.3 研究内容和研究方法........................................................................................7
§1.3.1 研究内容..................................................................................................7
§1.3.2 研究方法..................................................................................................7
§1.4 研究的难点与本文框架结构............................................................................8
§1.4.1 研究难点..................................................................................................8
§1.4.2 本文框架结构..........................................................................................8
第二章 地方政府融资平台贷款信用风险控制的理论基础........................................10
§2.1 我国地方政府融资平台概念的界定与分类..................................................10
§2.1.1 地方政府融资平台概念界定................................................................10
§2.1.2 融资平台的性质....................................................................................10
§2.1.3 融资平台分类.........................................................................................11
§2.2 商业银行信用风险控制理论..........................................................................12
§2.2.1 信用风险成因........................................................................................13
§2.2.2 信用风险管理目标和控制原则............................................................14
§2.2.3 信用风险控制的基本方法....................................................................15
§2.3 地方政府融资与银行信用风险......................................................................16
§2.3.1 地方政府融资与银行信用风险的关系................................................16
§2.3.2 地方政府融资造成信贷配给................................................................17
本章小节.........................................................................................................................17
第三章 地方政府融资平台贷款形成机理及信用风险形成原因................................18
§3.1 地方政府融资平台贷款的形成机理..............................................................18
§3.1.1 分税制是地方政府融资平台贷款产生的背景....................................18
§3.1.2 城镇化推进是地方政府融资平台贷款生存的土壤............................20
§3.1.3 现行法律规定导致地方正如融资转向贷款........................................21
§3.1.4 适度宽松的货币政策是融资平台贷款爆发式增长的诱因................22
§3.2 地方政府融资平台信用风险现状..................................................................22
§3.2.1 地方政府融资平台贷款数据................................................................23
§3.2.2 地方政府融资平台贷款信用风险控制的政策背景............................27
§3.3 融资平台贷款信用风险形成原因分析..........................................................29
§3.3.1 银行授信偏好推动平台贷款总量规模持续增加................................30
§3.3.2 贷款偿还依赖外部资源支持................................................................31
§3.3.3 平台公司经营的不确定性弱化偿债能力............................................33
本章小节.........................................................................................................................34
第四章 地方政府融资平台贷款信用风险度量............................................................35
§4.1 构建基于有序多分类 Logistic 模型的信用风险测度模型............................35
§4.1.1 信用风险模型比较................................................................................35
§4.1.2 主成分分析与有序多分类 Logistic 模型基本思想..............................38
§4.1.3 构建融资平台贷款信用风险度量模型................................................40
§4.2 有序多分类 Logistic 模型实证分析...............................................................42
§4.2.1 样本选取——上海市融资平台公司....................................................42
§4.2.2 样本数据预处理....................................................................................45
§4.2.3 基于有序多分类 Logistic 模型的信用风险度量模型结果.................49
§4.3 地方政府融资平台信用风险度量模型应用..................................................52
§4.4 融资平台贷款信用风险模型实证分析..........................................................53
§4.5 本文观点..........................................................................................................54
本章小节.........................................................................................................................54
第五章 地方政府融资平台贷款信用风险控制的政策建议........................................55
§5.1 银行对融资平台贷款信用风险控制的政策建议..........................................55
§5.1.1 注重贷前授信的分析与评价................................................................55
§5.1.2 加强贷后的监督管理与检测................................................................56
§5.1.3 推进地方政府融资平台贷款资产证券化进行信用风险转移............57
§5.2 政府对融资平台贷款信用风险控制的政策建议..........................................58
§5.2.1 发展地方政府债券防止风险过度集中在商业银行............................58
§5.2.2 加强融资平台信用风险评级建设及完善信息披露体制....................58
§5.2.3 完善监控地方政府融资平台的法律法规............................................59
第六章 结论与展望........................................................................................................60
§6.1 结论..................................................................................................................60
§6.2 展望..................................................................................................................61
参考文献.........................................................................................................................64
摘要:
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摘要地方政府通过融资平台举债发展,一定程度上促进了我国城市化的发展,有效解决我因地方政府财力不足制约地方经济发展的问题,同时在经济危机下通过拉动投资对宏观经济运行下行形成一定阻力。而融资平台贷款与其他融资方式相比,因与商业银行的联系具有天然的便利性,融资平台贷款敞口在2008年金融危机后因而有了爆发式扩张。但是由于地方政府融资平台本身也存在很多问题,影响到债务的偿付能力,进而通过其贷款将信用风险传导至商业银行。我国银监会目前对商业银行以“降新控旧”为目标的监管,但目前一方面融资平台贷款虽然增速有所下降,但有一定的新增贷款授信;另一方面,融资平台贷款存量规模仍然处于高位,需要在贷款期内进行监控,...
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作者:赵德峰
分类:高等教育资料
价格:15积分
属性:61 页
大小:4.45MB
格式:DOC
时间:2024-11-19