投资者行为与股市波动规律分析

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3.0 陈辉 2024-11-19 4 4 827.42KB 69 页 15积分
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摘 要
本文选题来源于国家自然科学基金项目《投资者行为规律与行为模型研究
(项目编号 70471066
随着我国市场经济建设的高速发展,人们的金融意识和投资意识日益增强
而作为市场经济的重要组成部分——股票市场,正逐步走向成熟与规范,越来越
多的投资者把眼光投向了股票。
股票市场的波动性是其内生特征,波动性是衡量股票市场的质量和效率如
的重要指标之一。自股票市场诞生以来,有关市场波动性的研究就成为吸引广大
学者和投资者的一个核心内容,国内外学者进行了大量的研究。以资本资产定价
(Capital Asset Pricing Model)有效(Efficient Market Hypothesis)
础的传统金融理论从投资者理性角度出发,认为股票价格围绕其内在价值随机波
动。然而随着现代金融市场出现越来越多的市场异象(Anomaly)使传统金融理论受
到了严峻地挑战。行为金融学运用社会学、心理学、行为学、认知科学、人类学
和经济学的原理来研究股市的实际投资行为,采取了有限理性和有限套利的假设,
很好地解释了金融市场中的异常现象和行为偏差。行为金融理论认为,股票的市
场价格还在很大程度上受到各参与主体行为的影响,即投资者心理与行为是造成
股票市场波动的根源。
本文描述的投资者行为包含两个层面:第一个层面是投资者的决策心理——
投资者有限理性的分析及其心理预期,第二个层面是投资者参与股票市场的动作
——投资者的投资决策。投资者行为对股市波动有驱动作用,同时股市波动情况
会反作用于投资者行为,两者是互相影响的关系。研究投资者行为和股票市场波
动规律具有重要的理论意义、现实意义和应用价值。从理论意义上看,这是对我
国金融理论的挑战、补充和发展;从现实意义上看,这有益于政府宏观调控、经
济和社会生活稳定、投资者利益保障;从应用价值上看,这对政府加强监督和指
导有一定的决策意义。
本文采用行为金融学作为理论框架,通过分析我国股票市场的价格波动情况,
找出我国股市波动的规律和特征。文中所采用的数据是上海证券交易所每日综合
指数。数据时间跨度为上海证券交易所成立至 2005 11 17 日的所有数据(
据来源《大智慧股票交易系统》)。考虑到 1993 年以前,市场还处于初创时期,
市场规模非常小,供需矛盾十分突出,加上市场参与者各方面风险意识单薄,市
场波动特征被严重扭曲。因此,我们把样本范围确定为 1993 142005
11 17 日。本文以上海证券交易所综合指数上升、下降的波幅及波距为指标
进行分析,以每个波的上升幅度、上升持续时间、下降幅度、下降持续时间为变
量进行聚类,对各类相似性进行分析,找到每个类上升、下降的大致范围,根据
股价波动情况总结股票市场波动及投资者行为的特点。
本文将股票价格自发波动研究和投资者行为因素结合起来,把波定义为即
括上升又包括下降的全过程。通过对上证综合指数的统计分析发现,中国股票市
场的股价波动除了存在多变性和周期性外,还有心理性、聚集效应和处置效应这
三个新规律。心理性特征是指股票市场价格波动受到投资者心理因素的影响,并
且这种心理特征会反过来对股价波动造成影响。聚集效应是指在各个连续的价格
波动周期中,具有相似波形的波动周期往往连续出现,即类似波形存在聚集现象。
处置效应指投资者往往对亏损股票存在较强的惜售心理,即继续持有亏损股票,
不愿意实现损失;投资者在盈利面前趋向回避风险,愿意较早卖出股票以锁定利
润。高频率、剧烈波动的市场显然不是投资者和管理层期望看到的,要保证我国
股票市场稳定、持续地发展,本文结合股票市场波动规律,从多个角度对政府管
理股市提出建议。
关键词:投资者 行为 股票市场 波动
ABSTRACT
The volatility analysis of investors’ behavior is a new subject recently. It explains
many phenomena that traditional economic theories cant interpret via exerting
demotics, psychics and so on. It has infiltrated some fields of finance and economics.
With the development of our market economy system, Chinese stock market has made a
booming development and Chinese people have stronger consciousness of finance and
investment than before. As an important part of economy system, stock market become
ripper and more normative. An increasing number of investors pay their attention to this
area.
Volatility is decided by the nature of stocks, and is the essential characteristic of
stock markets. A stock market that does not fluctuate will be unvalued and meaningless.
Since the stock market boron, the research about the market fluctuation has become and
attracted scholars. The domestic and international scholars have carried on a large
amount of research. Traditional Finance theory, which bases on Capital Asset Pricing
Model and Efficient Market Hypothesis, says that all of investors are rational and stocks
price volatilize around its value. However, with more and more anomaly, traditional
Finance theory is challenged seriously. After the behavioral finance theory learns to
develop, financial scholars of the behavior generally adopt the achievements, such as
some psychology, sociology, etc. to explain that the over-reaction and under-reaction of
stock market. It says that stock price is mainly affected by investors’ behavior.
Consequently, having an empirical study on the volatility of Chinese stock market is not
only meaningful but also necessary.
This literary is learnt as analyzing the frame with the behavioral finance theory,
through analyzing the situation that the price on the stock market of our country
fluctuates. Using daily closing quotation price of Shanghai Stock Exchange until 17th
November 2005, we find out the characteristic about fluctuation of stock market of our
country. Due to some disadvantages of Chinese stock market, such as small size, week
consciousness, we choose price data from 4th January 1993 to 17th November 2005 to
being swatch. This literary cluster every wave by ascending range, ascending duration,
descending range and descending duration, analyses every genus comparability, finds
out the characteristic about volatility of Chinese stock market and Chinese investors.
This literary bands spontaneity volatility and investors behavior together and
defines that a whole wave includes ascending and descending aspects. Besides
frequency and periodic fluctuation, we get three new rules of volatility through analysis:
mental characteristic, assembly effect and disposition effect. Mental characteristic
means that stock price is influenced by investors’ mind and volatility of stock price will
retroact to investors. Assembly effect is that seriate waves in continuous volatility
cycles always appear continuously. Disposition effect means that investors don’t like
sell stock when stock is to the bad and like sell stock if payoff correspondingly. All
these three new rules are for infection of investors’ behavior. Stock market with high
frequency, violent volatility is not the market that we expect. Developing the stock
market of our country steadily and continuously, need us to carry on new thinking from
many angles, such as investors, market and administration and supervision authorities,
etc.
Key WordInvestors, Behavior, Stock Market, Volatility
目 录
中文摘要
ABSTRACT
第一章 绪 论 .........................................................1
§1.1 研究背景与问题提出 ..........................................1
§1.1.1 研究背景 .................................................2
§1.1.2 问题提出 .................................................3
§1.2 研究意义 ....................................................4
§1.2.1 理论意义 .................................................4
§1.2.2 现实意义 .................................................5
§1.2.3 应用价值 .................................................5
§1.3 论文结构 ....................................................5
第二章 文献综述 ......................................................7
§2.1 传统金融理论对股票价格波动的研究 ............................7
§2.2 行为金融理论对股票价格波动的研究 ............................8
§2.3 ARCH 模型族 ................................................. 9
§2.4 混沌分析 ...................................................10
§2.5 股票价格自发波动研究——波浪原理 ...........................11
§2.6 已有研究的不足之处 .........................................12
§2.6.1 ARCH 模型族自身缺陷 ..................................... 12
§2.6.2 难以广泛应用 ............................................13
§2.6.3 自发波动研究未投资者行为结合 ............................13
§2.6.4 波形的定义不完全 ........................................13
第三章 投资者与投资者行为 ...........................................15
§3.1 投资者 .....................................................15
§3.2 投资者行为 .................................................16
§3.3 投资者行为与股票市场波动 ...................................17
§3.3.1 投资者行为对股票市场的驱动作用 ..........................18
§3.3.2 股票市场波动对投资者行为的反作用 ........................18
第四章 股票市场波动实证研究 .........................................19
§4.1 聚类分析 ...................................................19
§4.2 数据来源 ...................................................19
§4.3 数据处理 ...................................................20
§4.4 数据处理结果描述 ...........................................21
§4.4.1 小波聚类分析结果描述 ....................................21
§4.4.2 二级波聚类分析结果描述 ..................................28
第五章 股票市场波动规律总结 .........................................37
§5.1 股票市场波动多变性 .........................................37
§5.2 股票市场波动周期性 .........................................39
§5.3 股票市场波动心理性 .........................................42
§5.4 股票市场波动聚集效应 .......................................43
§5.5 股票市场波动处置效应 .......................................45
第六章 若干建议 .....................................................47
§6.1 根据股市波动规律决定措施的方向与力度 .......................48
§6.2 注意措施出台时机 ...........................................49
§6.3 剔除股市内在规律的影响评估措施效果 .........................50
§6.4 建立反常预警机制 ...........................................51
§6.5 努力降低信息不对称程度 .....................................52
第七章 总结与展望 ...................................................53
附表 政府管理与上海股票市场大幅波动关系一览表 .......................55
参考文献 ............................................................59
在读期间公开发表的论文和承担科研项目 ................................65
谢 ...............................................................66
摘要:

摘要本文选题来源于国家自然科学基金项目《投资者行为规律与行为模型研究》(项目编号70471066)。随着我国市场经济建设的高速发展,人们的金融意识和投资意识日益增强,而作为市场经济的重要组成部分——股票市场,正逐步走向成熟与规范,越来越多的投资者把眼光投向了股票。股票市场的波动性是其内生特征,波动性是衡量股票市场的质量和效率如何的重要指标之一。自股票市场诞生以来,有关市场波动性的研究就成为吸引广大学者和投资者的一个核心内容,国内外学者进行了大量的研究。以资本资产定价模型(CapitalAssetPricingModel)和有效市场假说(EfficientMarketHypothesis)为基础...

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作者:陈辉 分类:高等教育资料 价格:15积分 属性:69 页 大小:827.42KB 格式:PDF 时间:2024-11-19

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