USST_Arts_112480740不对称信息下逆向供应链激励机制研究
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摘要
近年来,随着经济全球化进程的加快,产品需求也变得更加多样化,由此带
来的废弃产品也就逐渐增多,对环境的破坏力度也越来越大,由此人们开始关注
愈加严重的环境问题。许多国家相应地从立法上加大了对环境保护的力度,我国
也相应地开始制定与环境保护相关的法律,并提出了可持续发展的环境观念。而
废弃产品的回收利用可以在很大程度上节约资源,保护生态环境。
对废弃产品进行回收利用的过程是逆向供应链的一部分,由于逆向供应链的
复杂性和信息的不确定性,导致逆向供应链同步性差,影响了协调信息的有效传
递,其管理难度也相应地增加,因此逆向供应链需要协调系统。如何建立合理的
激励机制来协调逆向供应链的运行,激励回收商更好地回收废弃产品,并实现逆
向供应链的整体利益最大化,已经成为逆向供应链管理领域的一个重要研究课题。
本文是从逆向供应链的激励机制研究的角度出发,讨论了如何设计有效的激
励契约以实现逆向供应链的协调以及制造商期望效益最大化。本论文研究的是由
一个制造商和一个回收商构成的二级逆向供应链系统,其中制造商作为委托方,
回收商作为代理方,以激励机制作为逆向供应链协调的手段,回收商回收运营能
力作为不对称信息的主要参数,将不对称信息分为两种类型,分别为离散类型和
连续类型,探讨了这两种类型下制造商和回收商之间的协调优化模型。通过对模
型的优化结果和仿真图形的分析得到以下几个结论:
1.回收商回收运营能力为离散类型时,根据是否区分回收商的类型分为两种激
励契约,分别为分离激励契约和汇合激励契约,通过对结果进行对比分析,发现
分离激励契约下制造商的期望收益大于汇合激励契约下的期望收益,因此制造商
可以选择分离激励契约,并且分离激励契约可以有效地甄别回收商的类型和激励
回收商回收努力水平达到最优。
2.回收商回收运营能力为连续类型时,支付契约中的固定收入部分和收益共享
份额部分与市场中回收商的回收运营能力的分布函数紧密相关,不同类型的回收
商各自对应不同的激励契约,因此每种类型的回收商均能找到适合自己的契约。
3.通过对数值仿真图形分析,制造商期望收益与回收运营能力正相关,与回收
商回收成本系数和回收市场不确定因素均负相关,因此制造商需要关注回收商的
这些参数情况,并且可以优先选择回收运营能力高、回收成本系数小的回收商,
同时需要对市场情况进行调查分析,争取将回收市场不确定参数降至最低。
关键词:逆向供应链 激励机制 委托代理理论 最优控制理论
ABSTRACT
In recent years, with the accelerated process of economic globalization, the product
demand is becoming more diverse and the waste products are gradually increasing, so
the damage to the environment is becoming fierce. People begin to focus increasingly
serious environmental problems. Many countries make more efforts on the environment
protection by laws and our country also begin to set laws related to the environmental
protection, and put forward the concept of sustainable development. It is useful to save
resources and protect the ecological environment by recycling the waste products.
Process of recycling waste products is a part of the reverse supply chain.
According to the uncertain characteristics of information in complex reverse supply
chain, the synchronization is poor, coordination information transfer is ineffective and
the management is getting more difficult, so the reverse supply chain requires a
coordinate system. It has been an important research in the field of reverse supply chain
management that how to establish a reasonable incentive mechanism to coordinate the
operation of the reverse supply chain, encourage recyclers to make more effects in
recycling waste products, and realize the maximization of the overall interests of the
reverse supply chain.
This article which studies from the perspective of the incentive mechanism about the
reverse supply chain discusses how to design effective incentive contracts to implement
the reverse supply chain coordination and maximize the manufacturer’s expected
revenue. In the system of reverse supply chain with one manufacturer and one collector,
the manufacturer is the delegate and the recycler is the agent. The reverse supply chain
coordination mechanism is studied with incentive mechanism as means of the reverse
supply chain coordination. As the recycling operational capability of the recyclers is the
main parameter in the asymmetric information situation, the asymmetric information
can be divided into two types, these are discrete type and continuous type, the optimal
model of the two types are established and analyzed. Through the optimization of the
results of the model and simulation graphical analysis, there are some following
conclusions.
1. When the recycling operational capability is discrete type, there are two types of
incentive contact, one is the separate incentive contact, and the other is the non-separate
incentive contract. By comparative analysis of the results, the expected revenue of the
manufacturer under the separate incentive contract is more than it under the
non-separate incentive contract, and the separate incentive contract can effectively
identify the type of recyclers and incentive the recyclers to achieve optimal effort level.
2. When the recycling operational capability is continuous type, the portion of
fixed income and the share of the contract are closely related to the distribution function
of recycling operational capabilities. Different type of recyclers are corresponding to the
different incentive contract, so each recycler can find a suitable contract.
3. Through the numerical simulation, there is a positive correlation between the
expected revenue of the manufacture and the recycling operational capability, however,
the expected revenue of manufacture is negatively correlated to the cost recovery of
recyclers and the recycling market uncertainty. So the manufacturer needs to analyze the
parameters, and choose the recycle which has high recycling operational capability and
low cost recovery. The manufacturer also need to investigate and analyze the market
situation and minimum the market uncertainty parameter as can as possible.
Key Words: Reverse supply chain, Incentive mechanism, Principal-
agent theory, The optimal control theory
目录
中文摘要
ABSTRACT
第一章绪论 ............................................................................................................... 1
1.1 课题来源及研究意义 .................................................................................... 1
1.2 国内外研究现状 ............................................................................................ 2
1.3 研究内容 ........................................................................................................ 3
1.4 研究框架 ........................................................................................................ 4
1.5 主要创新点 .................................................................................................... 5
第二章模型相关理论 ............................................................................................... 6
2.1 逆向供应链的基本理论 ................................................................................ 6
2.1.1 逆向供应链的概念 ................................................................................. 6
2.1.2 逆向供应链的价值体现 ......................................................................... 7
2.2 委托代理理论 .................................................................................................. 8
2.2.1 委托代理问题的产生 ............................................................................. 8
2.2.2 委托代理关系的概念和基本条件 ......................................................... 8
2.2.3 委托代理模型 ......................................................................................... 9
2.3 逆向供应链的激励机制理论 ........................................................................ 11
2.3.1 激励机制的概念 ................................................................................... 11
2.3.2 激励机制与契约的关系 ....................................................................... 11
2.3.3 逆向供应链中的激励机制 ................................................................... 12
2.4 最优控制理论 ................................................................................................ 13
2.4.1 最优控制问题的提出 ........................................................................... 13
2.4.2 最优控制理论的研究内容 ................................................................... 13
2.4.3 最大值原理 ........................................................................................... 14
2.5 本章小结 ....................................................................................................... 15
第三章模型的建立与激励机制的设计优化 ......................................................... 17
3.1 引言 ............................................................................................................... 17
3.2 模型描述 ...................................................................................................... 17
3.2.1 符号定义 ............................................................................................... 17
3.2.2 基本假设 ............................................................................................... 18
3.3 对称信息下的激励机制设计 ...................................................................... 19
3.4 本章小结 ...................................................................................................... 20
第四章不对称信息为离散类型的激励机制设计 ................................................. 21
4.1 区分回收商类型的分离激励契约的设计 .................................................. 21
4.1.1 问题的提出 ........................................................................................... 21
4.1.2 模型问题的求解 ................................................................................... 21
4.1.3 模型优化解分析 ................................................................................... 24
4.2 不区分回收商类型的汇合激励契约的设计 ............................................... 25
4.2.1 模型优化设计 ....................................................................................... 25
4.2.2 模型优化解分析 ................................................................................... 27
4.3 分离激励契约与汇合激励契约的比较分析 .............................................. 27
4.4 本章小结 ...................................................................................................... 28
第五章不对称信息为连续类型的激励机制设计 ................................................. 29
5.1 问题的提出 .................................................................................................. 29
5.2 模型问题的求解 .......................................................................................... 29
5.3 模型优化解分析 .......................................................................................... 32
5.4 本章小结 ...................................................................................................... 32
第六章模型的仿真分析 ......................................................................................... 33
6.1 参数的设定 .................................................................................................. 33
6.2 不对称信息为离散类型的模型仿真分析 .................................................. 33
6.3 不对称信息为连续类型的模型仿真分析 .................................................. 40
6.4 本章小结 ...................................................................................................... 46
第七章结论与展望 ................................................................................................. 47
7.1 研究结论 ...................................................................................................... 47
7.2 展望 ............................................................................................................... 48
参考文献 ................................................................................................................. 49
在读期间公开发表的论文和承担科研项目及取得成果 ..................................... 52
致谢 ......................................................................................................................... 53
第一章 绪论
1
第一章 绪论
1.1 课题来源及研究意义
随着全球经济一体化,人们生活质量的提高,对产品的要求越来越高,由此
产品更新换代的速度逐步加快,被人们淘汰的产品也就逐渐增多。同时,人们对
环境的保护意识不断增强,许多国家相应的从立法上加大了对环境保护的力度,
有些国家开始要求生产企业对产品生命周期全过程负责,尤其是废旧产品的回收
利用,废旧产品回收是逆向供应链的第一个环节,由此逆向供应链的研究变得尤
为重要。
逆向供应链的概念是近些年才提出来的,目前还没有一个统一的概念。通常
认为它是在正向供应链和逆向物流的概念上逐步发展起来的[1]。逆向供应链主要由
五个部分组成,第一部分是产品获得;第二部分是回收废弃产品,也称逆向物流;
后面三部分是对回收来的废弃产品进行处理的过程,即检验和分类、再加工处理
以及分销和销售。本论文涉及的主要是前面两个部分,产品获得是指从消费者那
里获得产品的过程;逆向物流是为了科学合理地处理废弃产品,同时又可以重新
获得产品的使用价值,而对被淘汰的产品从供应链的下游消费者返回到上游生产
商的过程。本文研究的是制造商委托回收商回收废弃产品。逆向供应链的实施,
一方面可以有效减少资源浪费和环境污染,符合我国可持续发展的战略思想;另
一方面可以捕捉到对供应链中的节点企业具有价值的一些库存信息等方面的产品
使用信息情况,从而也可以有效地减小在供应链管理中可能存在的信息失真与放
大效应所产生的影响。由于逆向供应链的复杂性和不确定性,导致逆向供应链同
步性较差,影响了协调信息的有效传递,其管理难度也相应增加,因此逆向供应
链需要协调系统。
如何设计有效的激励机制以实现供应链协调,同时满足目标企业效益最大化,
是逆向供应链协调系统的关键所在。以往文献对信息不对称情况下逆向供应链协
调机制的研究很少,本论文研究的是单一制造商和单一回收商构成的逆向供应链,
以激励机制作为逆向供应链协调的手段,在信息不对称情况下,深入探讨逆向供
应链节点企业间的协调机制,设计并优化制造商和回收商之间的协调机制模型。
由于企业间各自掌握的信息不对称,在逆向供应链中存在着不可预测的逆向选择
和道德风险问题,运用激励机制理论和信息经济学中的委托代理理论,分别探讨
了不对称信息为离散类型和不对称信息为连续类型情况下的激励机制的设计。本
摘要:
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摘要近年来,随着经济全球化进程的加快,产品需求也变得更加多样化,由此带来的废弃产品也就逐渐增多,对环境的破坏力度也越来越大,由此人们开始关注愈加严重的环境问题。许多国家相应地从立法上加大了对环境保护的力度,我国也相应地开始制定与环境保护相关的法律,并提出了可持续发展的环境观念。而废弃产品的回收利用可以在很大程度上节约资源,保护生态环境。对废弃产品进行回收利用的过程是逆向供应链的一部分,由于逆向供应链的复杂性和信息的不确定性,导致逆向供应链同步性差,影响了协调信息的有效传递,其管理难度也相应地增加,因此逆向供应链需要协调系统。如何建立合理的激励机制来协调逆向供应链的运行,激励回收商更好地回收废弃...
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作者:赵德峰
分类:高等教育资料
价格:15积分
属性:56 页
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时间:2024-11-11