中美服务贸易国际竞争力比较研究及启示

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3.0 牛悦 2024-11-07 13 4 2.17MB 77 页 15积分
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随着全球经济一体化进程的不断深入和世界服务经济的快速发展,服务贸易
逐渐成为经济增长的主力军,全球竞争的焦点也逐渐转向服务业,服务贸易己经
成为当代国际竞争的重要内容,是否拥有富有竞争力的服务业和服务贸易已俨然
成为一国能否在国际竞争中获得优胜的关键之一
中国服务贸易在近些年得了前所未有的快速发展,日益成为国民经济的重
要组成部分,但我国服务业的比较优势还主要集中在传统的服务行业,现代新兴
服务业发展的滞后、缺乏竞争力已经成为影响我国经济可持续发展的结构上的隐
患。相较之下,发达国家尤其是美国在科学技术方面长期领先并拥有高度发达的
服务业,其高额的服务贸易顺差在填补货物贸易的巨大逆差发挥着重要作用,
在国际服务贸易中始终独占鳌头。所以,随着界服务贸易行业的快速增长,中
国服务业怎样才能适应世界经济形势的发展变化、怎样才能削弱贸易结构的劣势、
怎样才能提升服务业国际竞争力、怎样才能缩小与发达国家的差距甚至赶超他们,
已成为我们不得不面对和解决的课题。现阶段对中国服务行业的发展和服务贸易
国际竞争力的现状和影响因素的研究,对中国经济的可持续发展和提升中国在世
界的贸易地位具有重要的现实意义。
文章首先阐述研究的背景和意义,并对国内外关于服务贸易竞争力的研究进
行了综述,从劳动生产率、国际市场占有率、贸易出口和贸易进出口四个方面构
11 个衡量竞争力的指标的评价体系;其次,研究了世界服务业和服务贸易的发
展状况,在此基础上,对中国和美国服务贸易进行现状分析,对两大经济体的服
务贸易发展做出初步判断根据构建的 11 个竞争力评价指标对服务贸易竞争力
体进行比较,由于服务业包含的行业众多,总体服务业发展的趋势并不能充分
代表分行业的发展,为了进一步加强对服务分行业竞争力的了解,对分行业做出
正确的判断与评价,因此在对服务业分行业进行研究时,采用聚类分析的方法将
根据 BOP 统计的服务贸易 11 类划分为四大类,再根据聚类后的结果对中美两国竞
争力进行比较;最后,用典型相关分析方法来研究服务贸易影响因素变量组和服
务贸易国际竞争力变量组之间相关关系,发现影响中美服务贸易竞争力的各影响
因素变动对服务贸易竞争力的作用程度不同,根据分析结果,为了国更好的迎
接服务贸易国际市场的挑战,促进服务贸易和服务业向更高层次发展提出了具体
可行的政策建议
关键词:中美服务贸 国际竞争力 分析比较 典型相关
ABSTRACT
With the deepening of the process of global economic integration and the rapid
growth of the national economy, the development of services trade has gradually
become the main force of economic growth, the focus of global competition is also
gradually towards to services trade, services trade has become an important content of
the contemporary international competition whether possessing competitive service
industry and service trade has become one of the keys for a country to get better in the
international competition.
China's total import and export volume of services trade have received
unprecedented rapid development and services trade is increasingly becoming an
important part of the national economy, but the comparative advantage of China's
service mainly in traditional service industries, the development of modern emerging
service industries lag, lack of competitiveness has become a hidden affect in the
sustainable development of China's economic structure. In contrast, the United States
long-time leader in science and technology and has a highly developed service industry,
its high trade surplus plays an important role in fill the huge deficit of goods trade, and
always come out on top in the international services trade. ThereforeWith the rapid
growth of world services trade industries, China's service industry how to adapt to
changes in the development of the world economic situation, how to weaken the
disadvantage of trade structure, how to enhance international competitiveness of the
service industry, how to narrow the gap with the developed even catch up with them, we
have to face and solve the issue. At this stagethe research of the development of
China's service industry and service trade status and influencing factors of international
competitiveness has important practical significance for the sustainable development of
China's economy and enhance the trade status of China in the world.
This paper first describes the background and significance of the research, and
summarizes the research on services trade competitiveness at home and abroad and
introduces different schools of thought on the definition of the concept of international
competitiveness, then builds evaluation system of eleven indicators to measure
competitiveness from four aspects which are labor productivity, international market
share, trade exporting and trading import and export; according to the building eleven
competitive evaluation indicators to compare the whole competitiveness of services
trade Second, the study of the world's service industry and service trade development,
and to make an overall judgment on services tradeon this basis, have an analysis of the
situation on Sino-U.S. services trade and make a preliminary judgment of the two
largest economies of the development of services trade; because service industry
includes many industries the trend of the overall development of service industry is
not a very good representative of the development of sub-sectorsin order to further
strengthen the understanding of the services sub-sector competitiveness and make the
right judgment and evaluation, therefore for the research of services sub-sectors using
the cluster analysis method to divided eleven categories based on the BOP statistics into
four main categoriesthen according to the cluster analysis result to compare the
competitive of two countriesFinally, using canonical correlation analysis method to
study the relationship between the variable group of influential factors of services trade
and the variables group of services trade international competitiveness, find that the
influencing factors affecting the competitiveness of Sino-US services trade have
different degrees of bilateral services trade competitivenessaccording to the analysis
resultsin order to better meet the challenges of the international market of services
trade, promote services trade and services to higher levelsput forward concrete policy
recommendations.
Key WordSino-US Services TradeInternational Competitiveness
Analysis of ComparisonCanonical Correlation Analysis
目录
中文摘要
ABSTRACT
第一章 ........................................................ 1
1.1 研究的背景和选题的意义 ....................................... 1
1.1.1 研究的背景 .............................................. 1
1.1.2 研究的意义 .............................................. 2
1.2 国内外研究综述 ............................................... 4
1.2.1 国外服务贸易竞争力文献综述 .............................. 4
1.2.2 国内服务贸易竞争力文献综述 .............................. 7
1.3 研究的方法、内容与思路 ....................................... 9
1.3.1 研究方法 ................................................ 9
1.3.2 研究内容 ................................................ 9
1.3.3 本文创新之处 ........................................... 10
第二章 服务贸易国际竞争力评价指标体系构建 .......................... 11
2.1 国际竞争力的基本概念 ........................................ 11
2.1.1 国际竞争力内涵 ......................................... 11
2.1.2 定位于产业国际竞争力原则 ............................... 12
2.2 产业国际竞争力指标选择及数据来源说明 ........................ 13
2.2.1 产业国际竞争力指标选择 ................................. 13
2.2.2 中美两国数据来源及说明 ................................. 13
2.3 服务贸易国际竞争力评价指标 .................................. 14
2.3.1 反映劳动生产率的指标 ................................... 15
2.3.2 反映国际市场占有率指标 ................................. 15
2.3.3 反映贸易出口指标 ....................................... 16
2.3.4 反映贸易进出口的指标 ................................... 17
第三章 中美服务贸易总体国际竞争力比较 .............................. 19
3.1 世界服务贸易的发展 .......................................... 19
3.1.1 世界服务贸易的发展概况 ................................. 19
3.1.2 世界服务贸易的发展特征 ................................. 20
3.2 中美服务贸易发展状况比较 .................................... 23
3.2.1 服务贸易占世界服务贸易比重 ............................. 23
3.2.2 服务贸易总额 ........................................... 23
3.2.3 服务贸易差额 ........................................... 24
3.3 中美服务贸易总体国际竞争力指标比较 .......................... 25
3.3.1 中美服务贸易劳动生产率指标比较 ......................... 25
3.3.2 中美服务贸易国际市场占有率指标比较 ..................... 26
3.3.3 中美服务贸易出口指标比较 ............................... 29
3.3.4 中美服务贸易进出口指标比较 ............................. 32
第四章 基于聚类分析——中美服务贸易分行业国际竞争力比较 ............ 37
4.1 聚类分析基本介绍 ............................................ 37
4.1.1 聚类分析概念 ........................................... 37
4.1.2 聚类分析的基本步骤 ..................................... 38
4.1.3 常见距离函数 ........................................... 38
4.2 基于系统聚类分析——中美服务贸易分行业比较 .................. 39
4.2.1 系统聚类分析的基本概念 ................................. 39
4.2.2 系统聚类算法 ........................................... 40
4.2.3 系统聚类步骤 ........................................... 41
4.2.4 服务贸易出口聚类分析结果 ............................... 42
4.3 基于聚类分析结果 TC/RCA 比较 ................................. 43
4.3.1 TC 指数比较 ............................................ 44
4.3.2 RCA 指数比较 ........................................... 45
4.4 本章小结 .................................................... 46
第五章 基于典型相关分析 ——中美服务贸易国际竞争力影响因素实证分析 . 48
5.1 典型相关分析基本理论及方法 .................................. 48
5.1.1 典型相关分析基本概念 ................................... 48
5.1.2 典型相关分析逻辑图 ..................................... 49
5.2 研究样本的数据来源与变量选择 ................................ 49
5.2.1 研究样本与数据来源 ..................................... 49
5.2.2 研究变量选择 ........................................... 51
5.3 实证研究——中国服务贸易国际竞争力影响因素分析 .............. 52
5.3.1 指标相关性 ............................................ 52
5.3.2 典型相关系数及检验 .................................... 53
5.3.3 典型相关模型 .......................................... 54
5.3.4 典型结构分析 .......................................... 55
5.3.5 典型冗余分析 .......................................... 56
5.3.6 研究结论与分析 ........................................ 56
5.4 实证研究——美国服务贸易国际竞争力影响因素分析 .............. 57
5.4.1 指标相关性 ............................................ 57
5.4.2 典型相关系数及检验 .................................... 58
5.4.3 典型相关模型 .......................................... 58
5.4.4 典型结构分析 .......................................... 59
5.4.5 典型冗余分析 .......................................... 60
5.4.6 研究结论与分析 ........................................ 60
5.5 本章小结 .................................................... 61
第六章 结论与政策建议 .............................................. 62
6.1 结论 ........................................................ 62
6.2 政策建议 .................................................... 63
6.2.1 加大人才的培养、加速企业自主创新 ....................... 63
6.2.2 推进城镇化,提供服务业发展空间 ......................... 64
6.2.3 优化服务业内部结构,促进知识技术密集型服务业发展 ....... 65
6.2.4 促进货物贸易与服务贸易协同发展 ......................... 65
6.2.5 提高服务业利用 FDI 规模,加大服务业发展 ................. 66
参考文献 ........................................................... 68
............................................................. 71
在读期间公开发表的论文和承担科研项目及取得成果 ..................... 72
.............................................................. 73
摘要:

摘要随着全球经济一体化进程的不断深入和世界服务经济的快速发展,服务贸易逐渐成为经济增长的主力军,全球竞争的焦点也逐渐转向服务业,服务贸易己经成为当代国际竞争的重要内容,是否拥有富有竞争力的服务业和服务贸易已俨然成为一国能否在国际竞争中获得优胜的关键之一。中国服务贸易在近些年获得了前所未有的快速发展,日益成为国民经济的重要组成部分,但我国服务业的比较优势还主要集中在传统的服务行业,现代新兴服务业发展的滞后、缺乏竞争力已经成为影响我国经济可持续发展的结构上的隐患。相较之下,发达国家尤其是美国在科学技术方面长期领先并拥有高度发达的服务产业,其高额的服务贸易顺差在填补货物贸易的巨大逆差发挥着重要作用,...

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作者:牛悦 分类:高等教育资料 价格:15积分 属性:77 页 大小:2.17MB 格式:PDF 时间:2024-11-07

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