商品房调控政策下消费者行为变动的仿真研究

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3.0 刘畅 2024-11-07 4 4 1.42MB 74 页 15积分
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房地产业在我国社会和经济发展中起着至关重要的作用。近十年来,我国房
地产业持续膨胀发展,房地产投资发展过热、房价持续飙给社会经济造成了严
重的影响,引发了全社会的关注。1993 年至今,国家先后进行了六次重要的房
地产宏观调控,一系列调控政策的实施旨在稳定房产业的发展局面,抑制房地产
投资开发过热,引导房地产业回归健康稳定的发展。
房地产市场的发展受多种因素的影响,市场中的消费者行为一定程度上加剧
了房地产市场的正向或反向发展。从消费者角度说,调控政策的实施通过影响房
地产市场上各消费者的心理预期,对其消费行为产生了影响,进而在一定程度上
影响房地产市场的供求关系,起到宏观调控的作用。
我国房地产宏观调控政策频繁出台却收效甚微,如何从微观角度去了解消费
者行为对房地产市场的影响,从消费者行为角度来探讨调控政策对房地产市场的
作用机制是本文研究的重点。
本文将多 Agent 建模理论用于房地产市场中消费者行为的模拟。首先,基于
消费者行为理论,对房地产经济系统中消费者行为及其主要影响因素进行了相关
分析,重点分析了房地产消费刚性需求、消费者预期、消费者收入及可支配能力、
调控政策及消费者从众心理等因素对消费者行为的影响作用;
其次,基于多 Agent 建模理论,对房地产经济系统中不同类型消费者进行细
化,按需求类型将系统中消费者划分为基于自住需求的一般型消费者和基于投资
投机需求的投机型消费者,建立消费者个体概念模型;对房地产经济系统中不同
类别消费者行为规则及市场作用机制进行设定,细化模型各参数及属性值,确定
仿真流程,基于 Netlogo 平台建立房地产经济系统多 Agent 模型;
再次,基于仿真平台进行了消费者行为实验,从消费者心理偏差及羊群效应
两方面研究投机型消费者“非理性”决策行为对房地产经济系统的影响,得出
论:投机型消费“非理决策会加剧自身的行为波动,导致房地产经济系统
的不稳定波动。
最后,1993 年至今我国房地产调控历程及调控政策进行了相关梳理;分别
进行了房产税政策实验及贷款利率政策实验。得出结论:实施房产税对房地产市
场上投机型消费行为有明显的抑制作用,但同时,对一般型消费者的住房买卖行
为也有所抑制;实施房产税对房价攀升有较为明显的减缓和抑制作用。上调贷款
利率对抑制房地产投机行为作用不明显。
关键词:房地产 Agent 调控政策 消费者行为 仿真
ABSTRACT
The real estate industry plays a vital role in Chinas social and economic
development. During the last decade, China’s real estate industry has witnessed a
continuous expansion development. The overheating investment and remarkable house
price increase has brought a great social and economic impact, drawn the whole
nationals concern. Since 1993, six important macro-control was implemented by the
state. The purpose of the macro-control mainly were to stable the real estate
development situation, inhibit the overheating investment, guide a healthy and stable
development of the real estate industry.
The development of real estate market is impacted by a variety of factors.
Consumers behavior to some extent can bring the market a promote development or an
aggravated reversed development. The policies play the role in macro-control through
affecting the expectations of the consumers to make a great impact on their behavior,
thus to some certain extent affect the supply and demand of the market.
Frequent macro-control in our country just achieved little effect. So, how to
understand the impact of consumers behavior on the real estate market, and to explore
the affect mechanism of the national policies from the perspective of consumers
behavior is the focus of this research.
This paper uses the multi-agent modeling for the consumers behavior simulation.
First, based on the consumers behavior theory, the correlation analysis of consumers
behavior and its major influencing factors were conducted, the influence analysis focus
on the five factors: housing rigidity demand, consumers expectations, income and
disposable capacity, the control policies and the herd mentality of consumers.
Secondly, based on the multi-agent modeling theory, a detail analysis of the
different consumers behavior were conducted, two types were set to divide the
consumers according to their housing demand, one is the common consumers , the other
is speculative consumers. Also, a conceptual model of consumer agent was established.
Then different type consumers behavior rules and market running rules were settled,
the model parameters and property values were refined, the simulation process was
determined, and last, the real estate multi-agent model based on Netlogo was
established.
Thirdly, based on the simulation platform, a series of behavior experiments were
conducted, after researching the two irrational decision-making behavior of psychology
deviations and herding of the speculative consumers, the research found that the
irrational behavior can aggregate the fluctuations of their own behavior, leading the
unstable fluctuations in real estate market.
Finally, the paper combed the real estate market regulation process and control
policies from 1993 till now; two policy experiment were conducted to find how the
property tax policy and lending rate policy works on the real estate market. Through the
first policy study, significant inhibit effect was showed on the speculative consumers
trading behavior after the property tax implemented, but the common consumers’
trading behavior were inhibited at the same time; also an obvious effect was showed on
mitigating and inhibiting housing price climbing. Through the second policy study, we
dont see the obvious effect of raising the lending rate to curb real estate speculation.
Key words: real estate, multi-agent, control policies, consumers
behavior, simulation
摘要
ABSTRACT
第一章 .................................................................................................................. 1
1.1 研究背景和意义 ................................................................................................ 1
1.1.1 研究背景 .................................................................................................. 1
1.1.2 研究目的与意义 ...................................................................................... 2
1.2 国内外研究现状 ................................................................................................ 3
1.2.1 国外研究现状 .......................................................................................... 3
1.2.2 国内研究现状 .......................................................................................... 5
1.3 本文的研究思路及主要内容 ............................................................................ 7
1.4 本文的创新之处 ................................................................................................ 9
第二章 房地产交易市场消费者行为分析 ................................................................... 11
2.1 消费者行为理论概述 ....................................................................................... 11
2.1.1 需求动机理论 ......................................................................................... 11
2.1.2 预期理论 ................................................................................................ 12
2.1.3 消费者群体行为理论 ............................................................................ 13
2.2 房地产市场消费者行为影响因素分析 .......................................................... 14
2.2.1 房地产消费刚性需求影响 .................................................................... 15
2.2.2 消费者预期影响 .................................................................................... 16
2.2.3 消费者收入及支付能力水平影响 ........................................................ 16
2.2.4 房地产调控政策影响 ............................................................................ 18
2.2.5 消费者从众心理影响 ............................................................................ 19
第三章 多智能体模拟介绍 .......................................................................................... 20
3.1 Agent 与多 Agent 系统 ..................................................................................... 20
3.1.1 Agent 定义及特性介绍 ........................................................................... 20
3.1.2 Agent 系统 ........................................................................................ 21
3.2 CAS 理论与多 Agent 建模 ............................................................................... 22
3.2.1 CAS 理论介绍 ........................................................................................ 22
3.2.2 Agent 建模原理介绍 ........................................................................ 24
3.2.3 Agent 建模步骤 ................................................................................ 26
3.2.4 Agent 建模特点总结 ........................................................................ 27
3.3 Agent 建模平台介绍 ......................................................................................... 28
3.4 Netlogo 平台特性 ............................................................................................. 30
3.5 基于 Agent 模型的房地产市场 ...................................................................... 30
第四章 基于 Netlogo 的房地产经济系统仿真 ........................................................... 32
4.1 模型设计思路 .................................................................................................. 32
4.1.1 仿真主体及行为设定 ............................................................................ 32
4.1.2 模型假设 ................................................................................................ 33
4.2 模型构建 .......................................................................................................... 36
4.2.1 模型属性值设定 .................................................................................... 36
4.2.2 Slider 参数设计 ....................................................................................... 37
4.2.3 仿真模型规则设定 ................................................................................ 38
4.2.4 仿真实验流程设计 ................................................................................ 43
4.3 仿真结果分析 .................................................................................................. 45
4.3.1 投机型消费者决策只受房价上涨激励影响(实验一) .................... 45
4.3.2 投机型消费者决策存在非理性因素(实验二) ............................. 47
4.3.3 羊群效应对消费者决策行为的影响(实验三) ................................ 49
第五章 房地产经济系统政策实验 .............................................................................. 52
5.1 国家房地产调控及调控政策梳理 .................................................................. 52
5.1.1 19931995 年我国房地产首轮调控 ................................................... 52
5.1.2 19972002 年房地产市场宽松调控 ................................................... 52
5.1.3 2003 至今房地产政策调控四阶段 ........................................................ 53
5.2 政策实验 .......................................................................................................... 58
5.2.1 房产税政策调控实验(实验四) ........................................................ 58
5.2.2 金融政策调控实验(实验五) ............................................................ 61
5.2.3 政策实验结论总结 ................................................................................ 62
第六章 总结与展望 ...................................................................................................... 63
6.1 本文总结 .......................................................................................................... 63
6.2 本文的不足及后续研究 .................................................................................. 63
参考文献 ........................................................................................................................ 65
在读期间公开发表的论文和承担科研项目及取得成果 ............................................ 70
............................................................................................................................ 71
第一章 绪论
1
第一章
1.1 研究背景和意义
1.1.1 研究背景
本研究选题来源于导师主持的国家自然科学项目(7087108071171134)
房地产业作为我国国民经济的支柱产业,与知识、经济、文化、金融等多个
产业有着密切的关联性,产业带动效应明显;同时,房地产住宅作为人民生活的
根本需求之一,关乎人民的切身利益。我国房地产业发展时间较短,发展不平衡,
周期波动性大,国家一方面鼓励房地产业健康发展的同时,一方面通过宏观政策
调控来稳定房地产市场发展,减缓波动和不平衡带来的不利影响。
我国房地产业发展至今,大致经历了两个发展历程:1988 年至 1997 年从房地
产改革开始推进到住房商品化全面发展;1998 年至今从住房制度改革到房地产业
高速膨胀发展。1980 年邓小平同志提出住房商品化的构想到住房制度改革落实、
房地产改造全面推进再到房地产业高速膨胀发展,国家观调政策在我国房地
产发展历程中起着至关重要的影响作用。
1988 年至 1992 年,我国房地产业初期发展,随着房地产改造在全国范围内推
行,房地产业开始快速发展,住房价格也一路走高。1993 年,此前发展较热的房
地产业开始显现“泡沫化”现象,同年年底国家进行了首轮房地产宏观调控,致
使房地产投资回落,房价涨势减缓。1998 年,我国实行住房制度改革,政府鼓励
住房建设和消费信贷,家庭住房开始走向商品化和市场化,房地产业由此进入了
持续快速的发展阶段,逐渐成为国民经济的支柱产业。2003 年,面对过热的房
地产发展趋势,一方面国家出台加强房地产借贷管理的政策着手调控,一方面有
关促进房地产市场持续健康发展通知的颁布,重申了房地产经济支柱的地位,推
动了房地产行业的大力发展。此后,我国房地产业进入高速发展阶段,房地产市
场供应和需求量持续高涨,房价开始极速攀升。2004 年开始,房地产宏观调控
施行,国家收紧土地与信贷两个闸门,控制住房供给。2005 年宏观调控力度进一
步加大,调控从严控供给转向需求与供给双向调控。2006 年至 2007 年,针对房地
产投资持续过热、房价持续过快上涨,中央密集出台了土地、金融、财政等一系
列调控措施,严控住房供给的同时,旨在抑制过热的房地产投资投机行为。2008
年下半年开始,房地产市场转向低迷,一系列积极宽松的信贷、税收等“救市”
政策的出台,在满足消费者刚性需求的同时,也吸引了大批的投机炒房行为。2009
3月开始楼市房价急速回升,需求空前高涨,多地开始“挤泡沫”。自 2009
12 月底至今,新一轮宏观调控开始施行,2010 4月“新国十条”的出台,房地
摘要:

摘要房地产业在我国社会和经济发展中起着至关重要的作用。近十年来,我国房地产业持续膨胀发展,房地产投资发展过热、房价持续飙升给社会经济造成了严重的影响,引发了全社会的关注。自1993年至今,国家先后进行了六次重要的房地产宏观调控,一系列调控政策的实施旨在稳定房产业的发展局面,抑制房地产投资开发过热,引导房地产业回归健康稳定的发展。房地产市场的发展受多种因素的影响,市场中的消费者行为一定程度上加剧了房地产市场的正向或反向发展。从消费者角度说,调控政策的实施通过影响房地产市场上各消费者的心理预期,对其消费行为产生了影响,进而在一定程度上影响房地产市场的供求关系,起到宏观调控的作用。我国房地产宏观调控...

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作者:刘畅 分类:高等教育资料 价格:15积分 属性:74 页 大小:1.42MB 格式:PDF 时间:2024-11-07

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