我国政府间转移支付效率分析

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3.0 李江 2024-11-06 4 4 541.02KB 53 页 15积分
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浙江财经学院硕士学位论文
III
摘 要
中央政府给予地方政府转移支付的意义在于,弥补地方政府的财力缺口和解
决公共产品收益的地区外溢性,以及均衡地区间财力差距。而我国现行转移支付
制度已经实行十几年,其目标实现的程度如何,不仅值得理论界探讨,更重要的
意义在于在实践中评价其优劣,从而不断改进,进而更加充分有效地发挥其作用。
转移支付制度目标实现的程度可以通过转移支付制度的目标效率来衡量,而
目标效率根据各类转移支付形式的目标,可以分为激励性目标效率和公平性目标
效率。本文通过理论分析来说明转移支付存在激励性目标效率和公平性目标效率
的必要性。但这两种目标效率有时是矛盾的,这就需要对这两种效率进行权衡取
舍从而达到最有效的水平。而我国现行的转移支付制度在这两者之间的权衡取舍
如何,是更加注重了激励性目标效率,还是公平性目标效率?同时根据我国的现
状,又应该如何权衡取舍呢?针对这些问题,本文主要通过建立计量检验模型来
进行分析和预测。
本文的计量检验模型主要是根据选举权扩大增长理论中的政府服务模型进行
推导的。而对于目标效率指标的衡量,激励性目标效率是通过政府间财政转移支
付对地方财政支出的弹性来衡量,而公平性目标效率则通过地区间财政支出增长
速度是否趋于收敛来判断。根据模型的推导,得出地方财政支出的增长与政府间
财政转移支付增长是存在线性关系的。因此,本文选取了全国 31 个省(自治区及
直辖市)从 1997 年到 2006 年的面板数据进行地方财政支出增长与政府间财政转
移支付增长之间关系的固定效应模型计量检验,同时又选取了我国东部、中部和
西部三个地区的从 2000--2005 年的面板数据进行地方财政支出的增长与各类政府
间财政转移支付(包括财力性转移支付、税收返还和专项转移支付这三类)增长
关系的固定效应模型计量检验。通过这两个计量检验,得出一些结论:(1)我国
现行的税收返还的激励性目标效率比较明显,但背离了公平性目标效率。(2)我
国现行的财力性转移支付的激励性目标效率虽然是反向的,但其反向作用还是比
较弱的,在一定程度上也背离了公平性目标效率。(3)我国现行的专项转移支付
的激励性目标效率弱于税收返还,而强于财力性转移支付的效率。对公平性效率
目标会产生一定的负面影响,但这种影响与税收返还相比较来说还是比较弱的。
(4)从我国现行的整体转移支付情况来看,其激励性目标效率还是比较强,而公
平性目标效率则相对较弱,但从其发展趋势来看,公平性目标效率正在得到强化,
而激励性目标效率正在弱化。
由于我国各地区间公共服务水平差异较大,所以我国的政府间财政转移支付
制度应该坚持以公平性目标效率为主,兼顾激励性目标效率的原则来安排和设计。
浙江财经学院硕士学位论文
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在该原则下还应该简化转移支付类别,建立以财力性转移支付为主,专项转移支
付为辅的转移支付体系。不断完善转移支付补助的计算方法,构建规范的转移支
付制度。从而更加充分有效地发挥其公平性和激励性的作用,使各地区的居民能
够享受均等化的公共服务。
关键词:政府间转移支付、公平性目标效率、激励性目标效率、政府服务模
浙江财经学院硕士学位论文
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ABSTRACT
The Central government gives the Local government transfer payment is for making up
Local government's financial resource gap and solving the public product income’s
overflow, as well as balancing the difference of financial resource among different areas.
But present transfer payment system in our country already actualizes several years,
how much the degree of the goal has realized is not only worth the theorists discussion,
is also lies in appraises its fit and unfit quality in reality, thus improves unceasingly,
plays its role effectively.
The degree of the transfer payment system goal realizes can be measured by the transfer
payment system's goal efficiency. And according to each kind of transfer payment
form’s goal the goal’s efficiency may divide into the efficiency of the fairness goal and
the efficiency of the excitability goal. Explains the necessity of the transfer payment
exist the efficiency of the fairness goal and the efficiency of the excitability goal
through the theoretical analysis. But sometimes these two kind of goal’s efficiency is
contradictory, so it needs to select the balance choices to these two kind of efficiencies,
thus achieves the most effective level. How does our country present transfer payment
system choice between these two goal’s efficiency, is paid more attention to the
efficiency of the fairness goal, or to the efficiency of the excitability goal. At the same
time, according to our country’s actuality, how should we choice? Aimed at these
questions, this paper analyses and forecasts our country’s transfer payment through
founded measurement examination model.
This paper measurement examination model is mainly deducted by the government
serves model of the voting right expansion growth theory. Towards the measure of the
goal’s efficiency, the efficiency of the fairness goal is measured by the elasticity of
transfer payment to local finance disbursement. And the efficiency of the excitability
goal is measured by the rising of the expenditure rate among areas whether to tend
restraining. According to the model deduct, obtains the growth of the local finance
disbursement and the increase of the finance transfer payment has the linear relationship.
Therefore, this paper selected the 31 provinces kneading board data from 1997 to 2004
to carry on the fixed effect model measurement examination of the relations of the local
finance disbursement’s growth and the finance transfer payment’s growth. Meantime, it
浙江财经学院硕士学位论文
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also selected the eastern, mid and western kneading board data from 2000 to 2005 to
carry on the fixed effect model measurement examination of the relations of the local
finance disbursement’s growth and each kind of the finance transfer payment’s growth.
According to these measurement examinations, we can obtain that: (1) The efficiency of
the excitability goal of our country’s present tax revenue returns is quite obvious, but it
departed from the efficiency of the fairness goal. (2)The efficiency of the excitability
goal of our country’s present financial resource transfer payment is inverted, but it is
little. And it departed from the efficiency of the fairness goal to a certain extent. (3)The
efficiency of the excitability goal of our country’s present special transfer payment is
ebb than tax revenue returns, but better than financial resource transfer payment. And it
affects the efficiency of the fairness goal, but it less than tax revenue returns. (4)
Looking from the whole of our country’s present transfer payment situation, its
efficiency of the excitability goal is quite strong, but the efficiency of the fairness goal
is weak. But looking from its trend of development, the efficiency of the fairness goal is
obtaining strengthening; the efficiency of the excitability goal is attenuating.
Because the difference of our country’s collective services horizontal among different
areas is big, therefore our country's transfer payment system should insist that by the
efficiency of the fairness goal primarily, and put proper attention to the efficiency of the
excitability goal, and according this to arrange and design transfer payment. Besides
that, we should predigest transfer payment category, and establish the transfer payment
system by the financial resource transfer payment primarily, special transfer payment
for auxiliary. We should consummates the computational method of the transfer
payment subsidy unceasingly, and construction standard transfer payment system. Thus
displays its fairness effectively and the excitability function fully, causes the resident of
various areas can enjoy more collective services in equalization.
Keywords: Intergovernmental Transfer Payment; the Efficiency of the Fairness Goal;
the Efficiency of the Excitability Goal; Government Services Model
浙江财经学院硕士学位论文
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目 录
第一章 引言 ........................................................ I
第一节 研究的背景及意义 ......................................... 1
第二节 相关研究综述 ............................................. 1
第三节 研究思路及方法 ........................................... 4
第四节 论文的创新点 ............................................. 5
第二章 政府间转移支付效率的理论分析 ................................ 6
第一节 政府间转移支付效率的界定 ................................. 6
第二节 转移支付的公平性目标效率分析 ................................ 8
第三节 转移支付的激励性目标效率分析 ............................ 10
第四节 各类转移支付形式的效率分析 .............................. 12
第三章 我国现行转移支付制度目标效率的实证分析 ..................... 17
第一节 我国政府间转移支付制度现状 .............................. 17
第二节 计量模型推导 ............................................ 20
第三节 我国现行转移支付总体目标效率的实证检验 .................. 22
第四节 我国现行各类转移支付形式目标效率的实证检验 .............. 28
第四章 结论与政策建议 ............................................. 33
第一节 研究结论 ................................................ 33
第二节 政策建议 ................................................ 34
第三节 局限与不足 .............................................. 37
参考文献 ........................................................... 38
附 录 .............................................................. 41
作者在读期间发表的学术论文及参加的科研项目 ......................... 49
致 谢 .............................................................. 50
浙江财经学院硕士学位论文
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第一章 引言
第一节 研究的背景及意义
1994 年我国实行分税制改革后,各级政府的事权与财权的划分并不能实现完
全的对等,有些地方政府的财力较弱,根本不能满足财政支出的需要;而有些地
方政府的财力则较为雄厚。中央政府为了弥补财力较弱的地方政府的财力缺口,
均衡地区间财力差距,弥补公共产品收益的地区外溢性,实现地区间基本公共服
务能力的均等化,实行了多种形式的转移支付方式。从广义上来说,包括原体制
补助或上解、公式化的财力性转移支付、税收返还、专项转移支付补助、年终结
算补助或上解等。但这些转移支付方式对均衡地区间财力的作用又是各不相同的,
甚至是相反的。这样,过多的转移支付形式容易导致其目标存在冲突,不能充分
发挥转移支付的作用。综上所述,中央政府给予地方政府转移支付的意义在于,
弥补地方政府的财力缺口和公共产品收益的地区外溢性,以及均衡地区间财力差
距。而我国现行转移支付制度已经实行十几年,其目标实现的程度如何,不仅值
得理论界探讨,更重要的意义在于在实践中评价其优劣,从而不断改进,进而更
加充分有效地发挥其作用。因此,本文通过实证检验我国现行的政府间财政转移
支付制度的目标效率,来分析其更偏向何种目标效率,从而确定优化转移支付结
构和地区分配的方向,利于地区间财政均衡,缩小地区间发展差距。
第二节 相关研究综述
一、国内文献
最近几年,国内学者对转移支付效率的研究主要从我国现行政府间财政转移
支付制度对均等化财力的效果和不同转移支付方式各自的效果两方面进行研究。
对于我国现行政府间财政转移支付制度对均等化财力的效果,大多数学者都
认为效果不显著。首先,他们认为我国现行政府间财政转移支付制度对区域(东、
中、西)财力差距缩小有一定作用,但效果不大。葛乃旭(2005)通过对改革前
后财政能力系数、基尼系数等指标的分析认为,现行转移支付制度有均等化的效
应,但是作用太小,不足以抵制地区差距不断扩大的趋势。曹俊文、罗良清(2006)
摘要:

浙江财经学院硕士学位论文III摘要中央政府给予地方政府转移支付的意义在于,弥补地方政府的财力缺口和解决公共产品收益的地区外溢性,以及均衡地区间财力差距。而我国现行转移支付制度已经实行十几年,其目标实现的程度如何,不仅值得理论界探讨,更重要的意义在于在实践中评价其优劣,从而不断改进,进而更加充分有效地发挥其作用。转移支付制度目标实现的程度可以通过转移支付制度的目标效率来衡量,而目标效率根据各类转移支付形式的目标,可以分为激励性目标效率和公平性目标效率。本文通过理论分析来说明转移支付存在激励性目标效率和公平性目标效率的必要性。但这两种目标效率有时是矛盾的,这就需要对这两种效率进行权衡取舍从而达到最...

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作者:李江 分类:高等教育资料 价格:15积分 属性:53 页 大小:541.02KB 格式:PDF 时间:2024-11-06

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