信息采集与故障诊断研究与设计

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10KV 电网 D-SCADA 系统信息采集与故障诊断研究与设计

10KV 电网 D-SCADA 系统信息采集与

故障诊断研究与设计

摘要

近年来，虽然全国各地纷纷对城网和农网进行了改造，许多配电自动化系统投入了

使用，大大提高了供电可靠性、供电质量和服务质量。但是，由于各地在配电网结构、自动

化水平、经济实力和用户需求等方面存在差异，对于如何建设配电自动化系统一直都没有

一个同一的标准。如何选择适合本地情况的配电自动化系统并付诸实施，一直是各地供电

部门关心的问题。本课题以《上海电网 10KV 配电自动化技术原则》为依据，以应用于 35KV

及以上电压等级的 D-SCADA 系统为基础，对 10KV 电压等级的各类型变电站的配电自动化

中的数据采集及故障诊断。主要的研究内容有下面几个方面：

（1）结合上海市东供电公司的实际情况，对 10Kv 电网 SCADA 系统进行设计，并对

10Kv 电网 D-SCADA 系统配置及功能要求进行了详细的分析。

（2）研究了配电自动化网络数据采集系统的组成结构，对各个采集模块进行详细的

分析，同时按照配网通信的特点和结构层次，进行了各层通信规范的选择和设计，最后

进行通信软件的设计。

（3）研究专家系统和人工神经网络等人工智能技术与方法在输电网络故障诊断中的

应用，建造了一个基于 SCADA 系统的输电网络故障诊断专家系统。系统能在电网发生故障

时，根据故障数据信息和专家领域知识，判别发生故障的线路、母线，线路的故障类型以

及断路器、保护的动作性能，并给出维修建议。这对调度员处理故障是一个有力的辅助工

具，可起到缩短故障处理时间，阻止故障扩大的作用，对保证整个电力系统的安全稳定

运行。

关键词：SCADA 系统，数据采集，故障诊断，专家系统，输电网络

Study and Design of Data Collection and Fault

10KV 电网 D-SCADA 系统信息采集与故障诊断研究与设计

Diagnosis system in 10KV Distribute Network D-

SCADA System

Abstract

In recent years the city network and rural network have been reconstructed, many

distribution automation systems have been put into use, which improve security and quality of

power supply and service quality, but there is a big difference in distribution network,

automation quality, economic power and customers’ demand in different places, so there is no

union standard of how to construct distribution automation system. How to choose suitable for

local distribution automation system and put it into use are always problems which distribution

departments in different places concern. This paper is based on 《Shanghai 10kv distribution

network automation technology principals》 and D-SCADA system of 35kv and above, collects

data and diagnoses faults. The main research aspects including the following:

(1)Combining with the actual conditions of Shanghai East distribute power supply, designs

the SCDA system in 10Kv power grid and analysis the system configuration and function of the

SCDA system in 10Kv power grid in detailed.

(2) Study the components of data collection system in SCDA system, analysis each

collecting module in detailed. In combine with the character and structure layer of

communication network in power grid, designs each communication rules and the

communication software.

(3) Research expert system and neural network's application in transmission network fault

diagnosis, and established a fault diagnosis expert system for transmission network based on

SCADA system. According to the fault data information and expert's field knowledge, the

system can distinguish the lines and buses which fault occurs in, also judge the line's fault type

and the circuit breakers and relays’s maintenance suggestion. This is a powerful auxiliary tool for

dispatcher to dispose fault, and has an important effect on shorting the time in disposing fault,

preventing fault's enlargement and guaranteeing power system's safe and reliable operation. The

10KV 电网 D-SCADA 系统信息采集与故障诊断研究与设计

system has high diagnosis performance and kindly interface, and it is easy to use and maintain.

Key Words: SCADA system; Data collecting; Fault diagnosis; Expert system;

Transmission network

摘要.........................................................................................................................................................................1

10KV 电网 D-SCADA 系统信息采集与故障诊断研究与设计
Abstract.................................................................................................................................................................2
第一章 绪论...........................................................................................................................................................1
1 课题的研究背景......................................................................................................................................1
2 国内外研究动态......................................................................................................................................2
3 课题的研究意义......................................................................................................................................2
4 本文主要研究内容..................................................................................................................................3
第二章 SCADA 系统和输电网络故障概述............................................................................................................4
1 电网调度自动化系统的发展概况..........................................................................................................4
2 电网调度自动化系统的主要作用..........................................................................................................5
3 当前 SCADA 的基本功能模块..................................................................................................................5
3.1 数据采集与传输..........................................................................................................................6
3.2 事故追忆功能..............................................................................................................................7
3.3 历史数据存储..............................................................................................................................7
3.4 报表功能......................................................................................................................................7
3.5 特殊运算功能..............................................................................................................................7
4 输电网络故障分类..................................................................................................................................8
5 状态监测、故障诊断的基本概念与方法..............................................................................................9
6 本章小结................................................................................................................................................10
第三章 10Kv 电网 SCADA 系统设计....................................................................................................................11
1 10Kv 电网 D-SCADA 系统结构..............................................................................................................11
2 D-SCADA 系统的功能............................................................................................................................13
2.1 数据采集功能............................................................................................................................13
2.2 数据库管理功能........................................................................................................................13
2.3 人机会话功能............................................................................................................................14
2.4 报表处理和打印功能................................................................................................................15
2.5 主站遥控功能............................................................................................................................16
3 D-SCADA 系统基本配置........................................................................................................................17
3.1 实时监控子系统基本配置........................................................................................................17
3.2 准实时监测子系统基本配置....................................................................................................18
4 本章小结................................................................................................................................................19

10KV 电网 D-SCADA 系统信息采集与故障诊断研究与设计
第四章 数据采集和通信方式设计.....................................................................................................................20
1 配电数据采集系统的组成及功能........................................................................................................20
1.1 电量数据采集终端....................................................................................................................22
1.2 通信网络....................................................................................................................................22
1.3 综合数据采集平台....................................................................................................................22
2 变电站监控系统的数据采集和处理....................................................................................................23
2.1 实时监控子系统的数据采集....................................................................................................23
2.2 准实时监测子系统的数据采集................................................................................................23
3 继电保护及电网安全自动装置信息采集............................................................................................24
4 配网通信设计........................................................................................................................................24
4.1 配网通信方式的特点................................................................................................................24
4.2 通信网层次结构........................................................................................................................24
4.3 通信方式配置原则....................................................................................................................25
4.4 利用电力电缆屏蔽层载波通信方式........................................................................................26
4.5 利用音频电缆或光纤通信方式................................................................................................28
4.6 利用无线公网通信方式............................................................................................................28
5 通信系统软件设计...............................................................................................................................30
5.1 通信系统软件设计的原则........................................................................................................30
5.2 件间的接口协议........................................................................................................................30
6 本章小结................................................................................................................................................34
第五章  输电网络故障诊断专家系统的设计与实现......................................................................................35
1 输电网络的结构....................................................................................................................................35
2 系统总体结构设计................................................................................................................................36
3 系统的软件设计....................................................................................................................................37
4 系统开发工具的选择............................................................................................................................38
5 知识库设计............................................................................................................................................39
4.1 知识的获取................................................................................................................................39
4.2 知识的分类................................................................................................................................40
4.3 知识的表示................................................................................................................................42
5 推理机设计............................................................................................................................................47

10KV 电网 D-SCADA 系统信息采集与故障诊断研究与设计

5.5.1 基于规则知识的精确推理........................................................................................................48

5.5.2 基于神经网络知识的推理........................................................................................................49

5.5.3 推理机设计................................................................................................................................49

5．6系统接口设计......................................................................................................................................50

5.6.1 专家系统与 SCADA 系统的接口................................................................................................51

5.6.2 专家系统与用户的接口............................................................................................................52

第六章全文总结.................................................................................................................................................55

参考文献...............................................................................................................................................................56

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10KV电网D-SCADA系统信息采集与故障诊断研究与设计10KV电网D-SCADA系统信息采集与故障诊断研究与设计摘要近年来，虽然全国各地纷纷对城网和农网进行了改造，许多配电自动化系统投入了使用，大大提高了供电可靠性、供电质量和服务质量。但是，由于各地在配电网结构、自动化水平、经济实力和用户需求等方面存在差异，对于如何建设配电自动化系统一直都没有一个同一的标准。如何选择适合本地情况的配电自动化系统并付诸实施，一直是各地供电部门关心的问题。本课题以《上海电网10KV配电自动化技术原则》为依据，以应用于35KV及以上电压等级的D-SCADA系统为基础，对10KV电压等级的各类型变电站的配电自动化...

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