民主建设与居委会选举制度的研究

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民主建设与居委会选举制度的研究

摘要

社区基层民主包括民主选举、民主决策、民主管理和民主监督四个方面，其

中最基础的是民主选举，民主选举是发展基层民主、实现社区自治的最基本的途

径。改革开放以来，市场经济蓬勃发展，城市居民经济生活水平不断提高，自己

管理自己事务的意识和愿望不断增强，中国城市基层组织—居民委员会己经不

适应城市居民的需求，居民委员会开始向社区居委会进行改革，在改革过程中，

直接选举这种产生社区居委会成员的民主方式应运而生。到现在，社区居委会直

接选举由试点到逐步推开，己经走过了十年的风风雨雨，取得了一定的成就，

产生了许多宝贵经验，极大地推动了城市基层民主的发展，基本建立起城市社

区自治的基础，同时也暴露出制度不统一，程序不规范等诸多问题，制约着这

一重要民主形式在全国范围内的普及。

本文通过回顾社区居委会改革的发展历程，充分肯定了社区居委会直接选

举十年实践的重要贡献，同时也总结了实践中存在的问题并分析其产生的原因，

最后，从在全国范围内建立一套规范、统一的社区居委会选举制度层面提出了一

系列切合实际的探索和设计，力求在扩大直接选举在城市社区中的范围和完善

社会主义基层民主形式方面做出一些贡献。

关键词：民主建设，居委会选举，社区居委会

Abstract

Community grass-roots democracy, including democratic elections, democratic

decision-making, democratic management and democratic supervision in four areas,

one of the most basic of democratic elections, democratic elections are the

development of grassroots democracy, to achieve the most basic way to community

autonomy. Since the reform and opening up the market economy booming, the

economic life of urban residents continued to improve, manage their own affairs,

growing awareness and aspirations, China's urban grass-roots organizations -

Residents Committee has not meet the needs of urban residents, neighborhood

committees began to community living Authority to reform, the reform process, the

direct election of members of community committees that have emerged democratic

way. To now, the community committees directly elected by the pilot to gradually

open, and has gone through decades of ups and downs, made some achievements,

resulting in a lot of valuable experience, which greatly promoted the development of

the urban grass-roots democracy, the basic foundation to build on city community

autonomy, but also exposed the system is not unified, procedures are not standard and

many other issues, restricting this important form of democracy in the country's

popularity.

This paper reviews the development process of reform and community

committees, community committees fully affirmed the practice of direct election of

the important contribution years, but also summed up the problem in practice and to

analyze its causes, and finally, from across the country the establishment of a

standardized, uniform level of community committees made a series of electoral

system exploration and design practical, strive to expand direct elections in the range

of urban communities and improve the socialist form of grassroots democracy has

made some contributions.

Key words： democracy, election committees, community committees

目录
摘要.....................................................................................................................................................1
Abstract...............................................................................................................................................2
引言.....................................................................................................................................................3
1 城市社区居委会直接选举的发展历程........................................................................................5
1.1 城市社区居委会直接选举的内涵及其意义......................................................................5
1.2 城市社区居委会直接选举的意义.......................................................................................6
2.3 城市社区居委会直接选举的发展历程..............................................................................7
2．居委会选举中存在的问题...........................................................................................................8
2.1 观念上的问题.......................................................................................................................8
2.2 体制上的问题.....................................................................................................................10
2.3 选举程序上的问题.............................................................................................................11
2.4 投票过程中存在的问题.....................................................................................................14
3 城市社区居委会直接选举制度完善的建议...............................................................................15
3.1 立法完善.............................................................................................................................15
3.2 组织机构的完善.................................................................................................................16
3.3 选举程序完善.....................................................................................................................16
3.4 司法制度的完善.................................................................................................................18
4 结论...............................................................................................................................................19
参考文献...........................................................................................................................................20
致谢...................................................................................................................................................22

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摘要：

民主建设与居委会选举制度的研究摘要社区基层民主包括民主选举、民主决策、民主管理和民主监督四个方面，其中最基础的是民主选举，民主选举是发展基层民主、实现社区自治的最基本的途径。改革开放以来，市场经济蓬勃发展，城市居民经济生活水平不断提高，自己管理自己事务的意识和愿望不断增强，中国城市基层组织—居民委员会己经不适应城市居民的需求，居民委员会开始向社区居委会进行改革，在改革过程中，直接选举这种产生社区居委会成员的民主方式应运而生。到现在，社区居委会直接选举由试点到逐步推开，己经走过了十年的风风雨雨，取得了一定的成就，产生了许多宝贵经验，极大地推动了城市基层民主的发展，基本建立起城市社区自治的基础，同...

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