我国上市公司OCI列报对会计信息质量的影响研究
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浙江财经学院硕士学位论文
I
摘 要
在与国际财务报告准则持续趋同的背景下,财政部发布《企业会计准则解释
第3号》(财会[2009]8号),正式引入“其他综合收益”(OCI)的概念,并要求
我国上市公司自 2009 年起在利润表和所有者权益变动表中同时列报 OCI 项目,这
与现行国际会计准则理事会(IASB)和美国财务会计准则委员会(FASB)的做法
均有所差异,这一独特的列报模式表明我国准则制定机构对 OCI 项目的重视。但
由于 OCI 概念较为宽泛,相关方对其认识尚存诸多模糊之处,导致实务中对 OCI、
直接计入所有者权益的利得和损失、权益性交易、资本公积等概念出现较多的混
淆误用。本文立足这一实然现状,通过厘清 OCI 与相关易混概念的异同剖析其深
层内涵及特点,并以此为基础展开本文的理论构建。具体而言,本文在探析 OCI
内涵特点及具体分类列报项目的基础上,对相关文献进行回顾,并结合会计信息
质量定义及研究现状,以相关准则的发展脉络为时间主线,顺次对传统会计收益、
未实现利得和损失、综合收益、OCI 及各自对会计信息质量影响的研究文献进行
梳理评析,进而总结 OCI 相关研究的理论缺口。最近几年,OCI 的列报要求在国
际层面一直是相关方之聚焦,其列报方式、重分类调整及分类列报要求也一直是
各国及地区准则制定机构争论的议题。本文尝试性对英国会计准则委员会(ASB)、
FASB、IASB 等西方代表机构的相关准则规范沿革进行溯源及梳理,以结合我国
制度背景,寻求列报准则进一步发展与完善的有益启示。上述内容即本文之理论
框架。
解释第 3号实施 3年来,OCI 项目列报在我国资本市场收效如何?是否有助
于改善我国企业信息披露及信息不对称等问题?OCI 项目同时在利润表和所有者
权益变动表中反映,是否有助于提高企业会计信息质量?本文实证部分试图通过
我国上市公司 2009 年至 2011 年3年的 A股数据对上述问题展开一定的研究。具
体而言,本文立足现有的研究范式,选取价值相关性、盈余管理和损失确认及时
性三个维度就 OCI 列报对我国上市公司会计信息质量的影响进行全面考察,这也
是本文的创新点之所在。首先,通过描述性统计,本文发现 OCI 列报准则实施效
果良好,但总金额呈逐年递减趋势,且对传统净收益及综合收益的影响逐年增强,
其中,以可供出售金融资产产生的利得(损失)金额项目的影响最为显著。通过
OLS 回归发现,OCI 具备增量价值相关性,即 OCI 项目的列报使得整体盈余及账
面净资产对股价的解释力有所上升,但同时,OCI 列报在一定程度上削弱了净收
益对股价的解释力;综合收益较净收益不具备相对价值相关性;OCI 列报可有效
浙江财经学院硕士学位论文
II
抑制公司盈余管理行为,且 OCI 列报的透明度与盈余管理程度呈负相关关系;没
有证据表明 OCI 列报能提高公司大额损失的报告频率。总体而言,OCI 列报在一
定程度上增强了公司会计信息质量。
关键词:OCI;列报;会计信息质量;价值相关性;盈余管理
浙江财经学院硕士学位论文
III
ABSTRACT
In the context of continuing convergence with the International Financial
Reporting Standards, the Ministry of Finance (MOF) of the People's Republic of China
issued < No. 3 Interpretation of Accounting Standards for Business Enterprises> (Cai
Kuai [2009] No.8), formally introduced the concept of “Other Comprehensive
Income”(OCI), and required that the listed company of China present the OCI in the
Statement of Profit and Statement of Changes in Owners’ Equity since 2009, that is
different with the current approaches of Internation Accounting Standards Board(IASB)
and Financial Accounting Standards Board(FASB), and the unique presentation model
reveals the high attention on the OCI item from MOF. But because of the rather general
concept of OCI and the unclear understand by related people that lead the confusion and
misapplication on the OCI, the profit and loss which is directly counted into owner’s
equity, equity transaction and capital reserve. On the basis of the factual state, this paper
takes an in-depth analysis on the connotation and characteristics of OCI by clarifying
the similarities and differences between confusing concepts related to OCI. That is the
base of theoretical construction of this paper. Specifically, this paper analyses the
connotation, characteristics and specific items of OCI, reviews related literature, and
defines the quality of accounting information and its current research situation, follows
the development of related standards, in turn to sort, review and research the traditional
accounting earnings, the unrealized gains and losses, comprehensive income, OCI and
the researching literatures of effect on the quality of accounting information, and thus to
summary theoretical gaps of research related to OCI. In recent years, at the international
level, the presentation of OCI has been the focus of related parties. The presentation
mode、reclassification adjustment and classification presentation requirements have
been the subject of debate by national and regional standard-making institutions.
Combing with the system background of our country, this paper tries to trace and sort
the evolution of the related standards of Accounting Standards Board(ASB), FASB,
IASB and some other western representative institutions, then to seek a beneficial
enlightenment for the further development and improvement of presentation standards.
So above is the theoretical framework of this paper.
Three years have past since the implementation of the “Interpretation No.3”, and
浙江财经学院硕士学位论文
IV
what is the effect of the presentation of OCI items in domestic capital market? Does it
have any help to improve information disclosure and information asymmetry problems
in domestic? Would the OCI items reflecting in the income statement and statement of
changes in owner's equity at the same time contribute to improving the quality of
accounting information? The empirical part of this paper tries to make a research on
those questions through our country's data of the listed company of a-share between
2009-2011 years. Specifically, this paper bases on the existing research pattern, chooses
the three dimensionalities of the value-relevance、earnings management and timely loss
recognition to take a comprehensive investigation on the effect to accounting
information quality of OCI presentation. This is the innovation of this paper. Firstly,
with the descriptive statistics, this paper shows that the implementation effect of OCI
presentation standards is satisfactory, but the total amounts take on degressive tendence
year by year, and the effect to traditional net income and comprehensive income
increases gradually. Secondly, this paper carries OLS regression analysis, the results
show that OCI items have the character of incremental value-relevance, namely, the
presentation of OCI items makes it possible to improve the explanatory power of the
whole surplus and book net assets, while the explanatory power of the stock market for
net income weakened; Compared with net income, comprehensive income does not
have the character; The presentation of OCI can inhibit the earnings management
behavior, and the relationship of diaphaneity of presentation of OCI and earnings
management is in inverse correlation; There is no evidence that the presentation of OCI
can increase the frequency of reports on large loss. Overall, to a certain extent the
presentation of OCI enhances a company's accounting information quality.
Key words: OCI; Presentation; Accounting Information Quality; Value-Relevance;
Earnings Management
浙江财经学院硕士学位论文
V
目 录
第一章 绪论 ......................................................... 1
第一节 研究背景及意义 ............................................ 1
第二节 研究思路、方法和可能的创新 ................................ 2
第二章 概念界定与文献综述 ........................................... 5
第一节 OCI的概念界定 ............................................ 5
第二节 OCI列报项目比较 .......................................... 8
第三节 OCI相关国内外研究综述 .................................... 9
第四节 会计信息质量的概念界定及文献综述 ......................... 11
第五节 OCI列报对会计信息质量的影响研究综述 ..................... 14
第六节 文献评述与研究问题的提出 ................................. 20
第三章 OCI列报的理论溯源与规范变迁 ................................. 21
第一节 理论溯源:当期经营收益观与总括收益观 ..................... 21
第二节 OCI列报规范的变迁 ....................................... 22
第四章 实证研究设计 ................................................ 36
第一节 研究假设 ................................................. 36
第二节 样本选取和数据来源 ....................................... 38
第三节 模型构建和变量设计 ....................................... 38
第五章 实证检验及结果分析 .......................................... 41
第一节 描述性统计 ............................................... 41
第二节 实证检验回归结果 ......................................... 48
第三节 多重共线性与稳健性检验 ................................... 51
第六章 结论与展望 .................................................. 55
第一节 本文结论 ................................................. 55
第二节 研究局限及展望 ........................................... 56
参考文献 ........................................................... 58
附录 ............................................................... 65
致谢 ............................................................... 66
浙江财经学院硕士学位论文
1
第一章 绪论
第一节 研究背景及意义
2001 年,原国际会计准则委员会(International Accounting Standards
Committee,以下简称IASC)改组为国际会计准则理事会(International Accounting
Standards Board,以下简称IASB),正式拉开会计准则国际趋同(Convergence)的
大幕,IASB将趋同目标定位于“制定一套高质量的、可理解的、具有实施效力且
为全球接受的财务报告准则”,并致力于各国会计准则向国际财务报告准则
(International Financial Reporting Standards,以下简称IFRS)的趋同。经过 10 多
年的努力,以欧盟和美国为代表的世界各国及地区相继加入这一目标,据德勤统
计,目前全球共有 125 个国家和地区允许或要求辖区内上市公司采用IFRS①,会 计
准则国际趋同已成为大势所趋。
我国会计准则的制定步伐始终紧跟IFRS的发展,2006 年,随着“十一五”规
划的开局,中国正式建成了由 1项基本准则、38 项具体准则及应用指南、解释公
告等组成的“新会计准则体系”,并于 2007 年1月1日起在上市公司范围内施行,
该体系是以IFRS为蓝本并根据中国具体情况制定的,新会计准则体系的出台实现
了我国与IFRS的趋同。目前,该体系的实施范围已扩展至中央大中型企业、金融
企业及部分地方企业。财政部会计司在企业会计准则讲解中指出,企业会计准则
体系较好地实现了新旧转换和平稳实施。②然而,企业会计准则体系并未要求披露
综合收益,也未提出“其他综合收益”(Other Comprehensive Income,以下简称OCI)
的概念。
会计准则体系应用以来,财政部又先后出台了《企业会计准则解释第 1号》(财
会[2007]14 号)、《企业会计准则解释第 2号》(财会[2008]11 号)、《企业会计准
则解释第 3号》(财会[2009]8号)(以下简称解释第 3号)、《企业会计准则解释第
4号》(财会[2010]15 号)和《企业会计准则解释第 5号(征求意见稿)》(财会
[2011]72 号)等补充文件,就《企业会计准则》中未明确事项作出解释,以解决
会计准则实施中的问题,实现会计准则的持续趋同与等效。
在解释第 3号中,第七条对利润表作了重要调整,首次正式提出OCI的概念,
并要求企业在利润表“每股收益”项下增列“其他综合收益”项目和“综合收益
① Deloitte IAS Plus[EB/OL].http://www.iasplus.com/en/resources/use-of-ifrs.
② 财政部会计司编写组.企业会计准则讲解[M].北京:人民出版社,2010:9-20.
摘要:
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浙江财经学院硕士学位论文I摘要在与国际财务报告准则持续趋同的背景下,财政部发布《企业会计准则解释第3号》(财会[2009]8号),正式引入“其他综合收益”(OCI)的概念,并要求我国上市公司自2009年起在利润表和所有者权益变动表中同时列报OCI项目,这与现行国际会计准则理事会(IASB)和美国财务会计准则委员会(FASB)的做法均有所差异,这一独特的列报模式表明我国准则制定机构对OCI项目的重视。但由于OCI概念较为宽泛,相关方对其认识尚存诸多模糊之处,导致实务中对OCI、直接计入所有者权益的利得和损失、权益性交易、资本公积等概念出现较多的混淆误用。本文立足这一实然现状,通过厘清OCI与相关...
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作者:周伟光
分类:高等教育资料
价格:15积分
属性:69 页
大小:1.21MB
格式:PDF
时间:2024-09-30