畲族契约文书的伦理思想分析
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浙江财经学院硕士学位论文
I
摘要
畲族是一个历史悠久的民族,在长期的辗转迁徙、负重拼搏中,畲族不仅创
造了绚烂多姿的民族传统文化,还形成了独具民族特点的生活方式和内容丰富的
传统伦理思想。几千年来,畲族的传统伦理思想在调节畲族和谐稳定的社会生活
当中发挥了相当重要的作用。尽管时代环境不断演变,畲族优秀的传统伦理思想
却代代传承沿袭,始终浸染于畲族社会生活中的方方面面。随着近几年来畲族文
献大普查工作的顺利展开,大量具有史料价值的畲族文献得以收集出来整理成册,
而在这些文献当中,畲族的契约文书尤其引起了学界的较大关注。本文即以在浙
江境内发现的畲族契约文书为切入点,试图从伦理学的视角对其中的分关书、田
契及婚书进行分析,一方面可以更加如实地还原畲族生存发展的道德场景,另一
方面也可以彰显畲族独具特色的伦理文化。
本文主体由三个部分组成:
第一部分主要引入契约伦理的研究范畴,指出契约伦理是民族伦理研究的一
个重要领域。契约伦理的研究路径基本可以概括为两点,即“契约的伦理特征研
究”以及“契约的伦理实现探究”,这两种研究路向都有其内在的理论依据与现
实价值,主要表现为:自由是契约伦理的核心精神、平等是契约伦理的必然诉求、
诚信是契约伦理的德性主张。契约伦理作为民族伦理研究的一个重要视角,有其
自身的进步性,它不仅彰显了个人的独立性、凸现了社会的有序性,还阐扬了道
德的规范性。本文主要从具体的契约文书出发,分析其中所蕴藏的伦理思想。
第二部分主要针对当前伦理学界对于畲族契约文书研究的缺失,分别对畲族
分关书、田契和婚书进行家庭伦理、经济伦理以及女性伦理方面的分析。畲族的
分关书是一种关于家庭财产分配的契约,在这类分关书中,畲族家庭伦理的主要
内涵表现为以宗族至上为核心精神、以孝亲为本为主要内容、以差序有别为基本
原则。畲族的田契是关于畲民田地买卖与出当的一种契约文书,畲族在经济伦理
方面着重以自愿合意为基本原则,以诚实节制为重要品质,以互信互利为目标追
求。除此以外,畲族还有关于招亲上门、入赘等婚姻形态的婚书,现存的婚书虽
然较少,但足以能够体现出畲族所独具特色的女性伦理思想,如畲族对男女平等
的价值追求以及畲族女性人格独立的显著特色。
第三部分主要在对畲族契约文书进行伦理思想分析的基础上,对畲族契约伦
理的价值取向进行总结与提炼,以及分析畲族伦理思想对现代畲族生活的一些影
响。本文认为,畲族契约伦理的价值取向主要涵盖了两个方面,即个体的角度与
民族的角度。就个体而言,畲族契约伦理体现了人的自足要求、自主规划和自由
浙江财经学院硕士学位论文
II
追求;就民族而言,畲族契约伦理体现了畲族的诚信精神、宽容精神和互助精神。
这些优秀的价值取向对现代畲族的社会生活也产生了相应的影响,如沿袭至今的
畲族“三月三”节,畲民不忘祭祀缅怀祖先,借铭记祖先的功德来训勉、砥砺畲
族的子孙保持自主与尊严。此外,畲族妇女的教育权利和政治地位的提高也与畲
族契约伦理中的价值取向密不可分。
关键词:畲族;契约文书;家庭伦理;经济伦理;女性伦理
浙江财经学院硕士学位论文
III
ABSTRACT
The She people are a Chinese ethnic group which enjoys a long history. During the
long-term migration, hard working and struggling for their reservation, the She has not
only created a gorgeous national culture, but also formed a unique lifestyle and valuable
traditional ethical thoughts. For thousands of years, the She traditional ethical thought
played a vitally essential role in regulating the politically stable of social life. Despite
the changing of times and generations, the She people remained their superior
traditional ethical thoughts, and the influence of it still remain in all aspects of the She
people’s social life. Recent years, the study of the She historical document, a huge
number of voluble the She ethnic group historical document has been collected into
books, the Contract Documents. Among those document, scholars were especially
attracted by the contract documents. This paper began with the She Contract Documents
in Zhejiang, and try to interpret the sub-off books, the land deeds and marriage
certificates from the perspective of ethics. On the one hand, in this way we could more
truthfully restore the She people’s moral state in the history; on the other hand, the
unique ethical culture of the She people can be revealed.
This paper can be divided into three parts:
The first part is mainly to introduce the perspective of contractual ethics, and then
make it an essential dimension of national ethical research. The path of contract ethics
can be summarized as two points, namely, "the ethical characteristics of the contract
research" and "explore the ethical implementation of the contract", both of them have
their own interior theoretical basis and practical values: freedom is the core spirit of
contract ethics, equality is the inevitable demands of it, and honesty is the virtue
advocate of it. Contract ethics, as an important perspective of the study of national
ethics, has its progressive meaning, which means contract ethics not only demonstrated
the independence of the individual, and highlighted the social order, but also
emphasized the moral norms.
The second part focused on the study of the She Contract Documents in Zhejiang,
and interpreted the sub-off books, the land deeds and marriage certificates from the
perspective of family ethics, economic ethics, as well as female ethics. The family
ethics of the She people were vividly reflected in those sub-Off books. That is, clan
浙江财经学院硕士学位论文
IV
supremacy as the core spirit, Filial-oriented as the content, and the highlight of
differential order. The She’s land deeds are contractual instruments for land trade. The
She people’s economic ethics mainly shown as the principles of free will, and put the
emphasis on some important qualities such as honesty and temperance, the pursuit of
mutual trust and benefit. In addition, the She people has marriage certificates of
Zhao-Qin home, which means marry into and live with one's bride's family. The existing
marriage certificates were rare but still enough to reflect the She people’s unique female
ethics, such as the pursuit of gender equality, and the She’s female personal
independence.
The third part is mainly based on the ethical interpretation of the She people’s
contract documents. Through extracting and summarizing the ethical meaning of those
contract documents, as well as analysis the impact of She people’s traditional ethical
thought to the modern life of their nation. This paper argues that, the ethical value of the
She’s contract ethics mainly covers two aspects, namely the individual perspective and
the perspective of the nation. The individual aspect embodies power of autonomy and
human dignity while the national aspect suggests the spirit of integrity and tolerance.
The influence of those spirit continues today, such as the She’s Double- third Day, the
She people would always remember to memorize their ancestors, by bearing in mind
that the merit of their ancestors, the She’s descendants are expected to maintain
autonomy and dignity. In addition, the enhancement of the She people’s female
education rights and political status are inseparable from the value of She Contract
Ethics.
Keywords: She; Contract; Family Ethics; Economic Ethics; Female Ethics
浙江财经学院硕士学位论文
V
目 录
绪论 ................................................................ 1
一、研究缘起 ..................................................... 1
二、研究现状 ..................................................... 1
三.研究思路 ..................................................... 4
第一章 契约伦理:民族伦理研究的重要领域 ............................. 5
第一节 契约伦理的概念演绎 ........................................ 5
第二节 民间契约文书的研究视角 ................................... 10
第三节 畲族契约文书的伦理意蕴 ................................... 14
第二章 畲族分关书中家庭伦理思想分析 ................................ 17
第一节 宗族至上:畲族家庭伦理的核心精神 ......................... 17
第二节 孝亲为本:畲族家庭伦理的主要内容 ......................... 21
第三节 差序有别:畲族家庭伦理的基本原则 ......................... 24
第三章 畲族田契中经济伦理思想分析 .................................. 27
第一节 自愿合意:畲族经济伦理的前提基础 ......................... 27
第二节 诚实节制:畲族经济伦理的德性主张 ......................... 30
第三节 互信互利:畲族经济伦理的目标追求 ......................... 33
第四章 畲族婚书中女性伦理思想分析 .................................. 37
第一节 男女平等:畲族女性伦理的内在要求 ......................... 37
第二节 人格独立:畲族女性伦理的显著特色 ......................... 40
第五章 畲族契约伦理的价值取向及其现代影响 .......................... 43
第一节 畲族契约伦理的价值取向 ................................... 43
第二节 从“三月三”看畲族契约伦理价值的现代影响 ................. 50
参考文献 ........................................................... 53
附录 ............................................................... 56
致谢 ............................................................... 57
浙江财经学院硕士学位论文
1
绪论
一、研究缘起
2008 年,在浙江松阳一畲村发现的大量古契约(最早为乾隆十三年,即公元
1748 年)引起了学界的关注,随后对于浙江畲族民间契约文书的整理工作逐步展
开。2011 年,由丽水学院吕立汉教授主编的《丽水畲族古籍总目提要》问世,该
提要首次对丽水地区的畲族契约进行了详细分类、整理与收录。此后,在浙江省
委和浙江民宗委的领导下,吕立汉教授又于 2012 年完成了《浙江畲族民间文献资
料总目提要》的编纂任务,该提要对分布在浙江省内的丽水、温州、金华、衢州
等地区的 18 个畲族乡(镇)的民间契约文书进行了收录与整理。通过这一提要,
可以全面了解浙江畲族契约文献的大概情况。
对于学界来说,这些保存下来的古契约不啻是一个宝藏,我们可以从多个角
度切入进行深入研究。如厦门大学蓝美芬在其硕士论文《闽北畲族社会经济文化
变迁考察——松溪民间契约文书研究》中从历史学的角度对闽北畲族的契约进行
了探析,这开拓了对畲族文化研究的新思路。令人遗憾的是,对于浙江畲族的古
契约才刚刚完成整理与编纂的工作,多角度深入的研究尚未充分展开。
畲族是一个古老的民族,在历史的长河中,畲族形成了自身独特的民族伦理
文化。因此,从伦理学的角度对这些契约文书进行理论分析,是极具学术意义的
事情。在畲族形式多样的契约当中,尤以分关书、婚书与田契最为典型,因此,
从伦理层面对它们进行分析可以更好地还原畲族真实生存的道德场景、展现畲族
经济活动的时代烙印以及彰显畲族独特的伦理文化与优秀品质。
二、研究现状
如前所述,当前学界从伦理学的角度对畲族契约进行相关审视与深入研究的
成果几近空白。但对于民族伦理、畲族文化和契约伦理的研究则分别取得了一定
的成果。本文首先对此作一个简要的回顾与总结。
(一)关于民族伦理的研究
民族伦理学作为一门学科,是在民族学和伦理学的交融下产生的,但民族伦
理自古有之。在中国这片以汉文化为主导的土地上,民族伦理研究经历了一个从
无到有、从忽略到积极响应的过程。生活在少数民族地区的人们由于受地域及生
态环境的影响,表现出来的与其他民族在生活模式、行为方式及伦理观念上很大不同,
摘要:
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浙江财经学院硕士学位论文I摘要畲族是一个历史悠久的民族,在长期的辗转迁徙、负重拼搏中,畲族不仅创造了绚烂多姿的民族传统文化,还形成了独具民族特点的生活方式和内容丰富的传统伦理思想。几千年来,畲族的传统伦理思想在调节畲族和谐稳定的社会生活当中发挥了相当重要的作用。尽管时代环境不断演变,畲族优秀的传统伦理思想却代代传承沿袭,始终浸染于畲族社会生活中的方方面面。随着近几年来畲族文献大普查工作的顺利展开,大量具有史料价值的畲族文献得以收集出来整理成册,而在这些文献当中,畲族的契约文书尤其引起了学界的较大关注。本文即以在浙江境内发现的畲族契约文书为切入点,试图从伦理学的视角对其中的分关书、田契及婚书进行...
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作者:周伟光
分类:高等教育资料
价格:15积分
属性:60 页
大小:1005.13KB
格式:PDF
时间:2024-09-30