环境管制与污染产业区际转移——基于中国省际面板数据的实证研究

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浙江财经学院硕士学位论文

摘要

改革开放以来，在得天独厚的区位优势和外向经济共同推动下，我国东部沿

海地区率先发展劳动密集型产业，并形成集聚效应。但人类环保意识增强，产业

结构亟待升级，迫使这些区域内劳动力、土地、资源等要素需求骤升，生产要素

供不应求导致产品成本价格上涨，部分行业的生存和发展空间受到局限，其中特

别是能耗大、污染重的劳动密集型产业。与此同时，受先天条件制约的中西部地

区目前正处于工业加速发展时期，在财政分权体制下，各地方政府为吸引投资促

进本地 GDP 增长不惜以牺牲当地生态环境为代价竞相降低环境管制标准，甚至是

“零管制”。短期内，污染产业的迁出地和迁入地均获得经济效益，而长远来看，

这会给承接地区生态环境带来的负外部性将会凸显出来。污染产业转移一方面导

致东部地区环境质量的改善，另一方面也将导致中西部地区的环境质量恶化。因

此，一个现实的问题就摆在面前，要建立合理有效的环境管制体制，促使区域经

济可持续发展，就需立足社会经济视角，把握污染产业区际转移特征和内在机制，

透析当前环境管制政策。

本文以我国现阶段污染产业区际转移为研究对象，在考察工业化进程中污染

产业转移的内在机制以及分析当前各地区环境管制差异的基础上，探讨各地区环

境管制差异对污染产业转移影响，并尝试找出环境管制、污染产业转移、经济发

展之间的动态演化关系，验证“污染避难所”假说是否在国内产业转移中存在，

以期引起有关各方重视，防止中西部地区走先污染后治理的老路。本文第三章到

第四章以及第五章到第六章将主要回答以下两个问题：（1）环境管制约束下我国

污染产业转移一般特征及内在机制是什么？其中侧重探讨各地方环境管制差异与

污染产业转移的内生关系。（2）基于产业转移的大背景下，考察和对比影响产业

转移的主要因素，验证中西部欠发达地区地区是否可能成为东部发达地区“污染

避难所”？

全文共分为六章，第一章就研究背景、意义及结构安排进行说明。第二章阐

述环境管制与污染产业转移相关理论基础，并对国内外相关研究文献分两个方面

进行梳理，对现有文献研究结果和不足之处总结，进而确定本文的研究方向。第

三章与第四章分别对污染产业转移和环境管制两方面分析，首先从污染产业种类、

特征、动因三个方面分析污染转移的内在动力机制，并以浙江省为例，初步探讨

我国污染产业转移情况。其次基于环境管制视角，分析目前污染产业的环境管制

状况，尝试找出各地区存在的环境管制差异。在此基础上，第五章对环境管制约

束下污染产业区际转移进行实证研究。引进劳动力成本、人口密集度、市场化程

浙江财经学院硕士学位论文

度、运输成本等因素，运用偏离份额法，构建污染产业区际转移指标，动态化刻

画当前我国的环境管制与污染产业转移之间的关系。第六章是对全文进行总结，

并分析理论与实证结果中所包含的政策含义。

通过以上理论与实证分析，本文认为目前各地区环境管制强度差异对我国产

业区际转移中污染转移有促进影响，中西部地区已成为东部沿海地区“污染避难

所”。其中，特别是重度污染产业，明显呈现从东部沿海地区向中西部欠发达地区

转移趋势，同时这类产业受环境管制因素、劳动力成本、运输成本、市场规模等

因素影响较大。此外，我国各地区之间环境管制强度存在显著差异，虽然环境管

制这一因素并不是引起污染产业从东部转移到西部的决定性因素，但却已成为污

染产业转移的主要因素之一。该研究结论对我国中西部地区招商引资以及产业政

策的制定和调整提供了有价值的参考。中西部落后地区需要接受经验和教训，进

一步调整环境保护与经济发展之间关系，走经济与环境相协调的可持续发展道路。

关键词：环境管制;污染产业;区际转移;区位分布;偏离份额法

浙江财经学院硕士学位论文

III

ABSTRACT

Since the reform and opening, In the coastal advantage condition and extroversion

economy, The eastern coastal area in China take the lead in the development of

labor-intensive industries. But the human environmental protection consciousness

enhancement, industrial structure upgrades urgently, forcing these regional labor, land,

resource factor demand soared, factor of production demands exceeds supply to cause

product cost price rise, part of the industry's survival and the development space is

limited, especially the large energy consumption, heavy pollution and labor intensive

industry. At the same time, affected by congenital conditions, is currently in a period of

accelerated development of industries in the Midwest, under the fiscal decentralization,

local government to attract investment to promote the local GDP growth at the expense

of the local ecological environment to reduce environmental control standards, or even

“zero control”. In the short term, industrial pollution, emigration and immigration have

access to economic benefits, and in the long run, this will give the following area

ecological environment bring great damage. Therefore, a realistic problem in front of

us, to establish rational and effective environmental control system, promote the

sustainable development of regional economy, will be based on the social economic

perspective, grasp the pollution industry inter-regional transfer characteristic and

inherent mechanism, dialysis current environmental regulation policy.

Our country pollution industrial transfer as the object of study, analysis of

China's industrialization in the process of pollution industry transfer mechanism, as

well as various places of current our country difference of environmental regulation,

environmental regulation differences on regional transfer of industrial pollution effect,

and try to find out the dynamic evolution of the relationship between the

environmental regulation and pollution industry transfer, validation in the industrial

transfer in the presence of the "Pollution Haven Hypothesis", and caused relevant

parties take seriously, prevent center-west region to go after the first pollution control

in the old road. In the third chapter to the four chapter and the fifth chapter to the sixth

chapter answer the following two questions: (1) under the limitation of environment,

what is China's pollution industry transfer general characteristics and intrinsic

浙江财经学院硕士学位论文

mechanism? which focuses on the local environmental regulatory differences and

industrial pollution transfer endogenous relation.(2) under the background of industrial

transfer, study the main influence factors, to verify whether become western

underdeveloped regions in eastern developed regions "pollution haven"?

Through the above theory and the empirical analysis, our country existing

pollution regional industry transfer phenomenon, mainly concentrated in the heavy

pollution industry, present from the eastern coastal areas to central and western owe

develop area move trend. At the same time, this kind of industry is influenced by

environmental control factors, labor cost, transportation cost, market scale and other

factors influenced. In addition, between different regions in China Environmental

Regulation intensity differences exist between environmental regulation, although this

is not caused by industrial pollution from the eastern moved to the west of the decisive

factor, but it has become one of the main factors of pollution industry transfer. This

also explains the current environmental protection policy of China to develop defects.

This paper argues that the current regional environmental regulation intensity

difference on our inter-regional industry transfer of pollution transfer in promoting

effect, center-west region has become the foreland of the east part "pollution haven".

The conclusion of our country center-west region capital attraction and the formulation

and adjustment of industrial policy and provides valuable reference. Midwest

backward areas need to accept the experiences and lessons, to further adjust the

relation between environmental protection and economic development, walk along the

road of sustainable development.

Keywords：Environmental Regulation ; Pollution Industries ; Regional Transfer;

Regional distribution; Shift-Share analysis

浙江财经学院硕士学位论文

第一章导论 ......................................................... 1

第一节选题的背景与意义 .......................................... 1

第二节研究方法及结构安排 ........................................ 2

第三节论文可能创新点及难点之处 .................................. 3

第二章相关理论及文献综述 ........................................... 5

第一节重要概念界定 .............................................. 5

第二节相关理论 .................................................. 6

第三节环境管制与污染产业转移相关实证研究 ....................... 11

第三章我国污染产业区际转移的特征及内在机制分析 .................... 16

第一节污染产业的界定及分类 ..................................... 16

第二节我国污染产业转移变化特征 ................................. 17

第三节我国污染产业区际转移的动因分析 ........................... 19

第四节我国目前污染产业转移情况初步分析——以浙江省为例 ......... 22

第四章我国污染产业的环境管制状况分析 .............................. 29

第一节我国面临的环境问题及环境管制状况分析 ..................... 29

第二节我国对污染产业的环境管制现状 ............................. 31

第三节我国各地区环境管制的差异分析 ............................. 35

第五章环境管制强度差异下我国污染产业转移问题的实证分析 ............ 39

第一节我国污染产业区位分布变化分析及污染产业转移指标选取 ....... 39

第二节环境管制指标度量 ......................................... 44

第三节模型设定及变量说明 ....................................... 46

第四节计量检验及实证分析 ....................................... 49

第五节实证结论分析 ............................................. 55

第六章论文结论及相关政策启示 ..................................... 56

第一节论文结论 ................................................. 56

第二节相关政策启示 ............................................. 57

参考文献 ........................................................... 59

附录 .............................................................. 62

致谢 .............................................................. 63

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摘要：

浙江财经学院硕士学位论文I摘要改革开放以来，在得天独厚的区位优势和外向经济共同推动下，我国东部沿海地区率先发展劳动密集型产业，并形成集聚效应。但人类环保意识增强，产业结构亟待升级，迫使这些区域内劳动力、土地、资源等要素需求骤升，生产要素供不应求导致产品成本价格上涨，部分行业的生存和发展空间受到局限，其中特别是能耗大、污染重的劳动密集型产业。与此同时，受先天条件制约的中西部地区目前正处于工业加速发展时期，在财政分权体制下，各地方政府为吸引投资促进本地GDP增长不惜以牺牲当地生态环境为代价竞相降低环境管制标准，甚至是“零管制”。短期内，污染产业的迁出地和迁入地均获得经济效益，而长远来看，这会给承接...

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