工业行业能源消费压力与节能潜力研究

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3.0 周伟光 2024-09-30 4 4 745.64KB 54 页 15积分
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浙江财经学院硕士学位论文
能源是经济发展过程中必不可少的要素之一,中国依靠高投入高产出的增长
模式,实现了经济的腾飞,在这一过程中,工业行业的贡献巨大。同时,工业行
业历年的能源消耗量占能源消耗总量的比重一直很高,维持在 70%左右,工业行
业能耗逐年大量增长是中国总能源消费大量增加的主要推动力。长期以来,工业
经济增长与节能之间存在着对立关系。中国是煤炭能源较为丰富、油气能源相对
不足的国家,总体能源储量并不丰富,能源质量低。能源品种结构和能源地区分
布结构的先天不足,给经济发展带来了巨大的成本。工业行业的能源的利用效率
与发达国家相比,差距明显。在这种粗放的增长模式之下,能源的稀缺性和不可
再生性使得能源渐渐成为制约工业经济发展的瓶颈,中国面临的能源压力日益严
峻。十二五节能目标的确定,给工业行业节能降耗增加了新的压力。因此,
须在工业经济增长与节能之间寻求平衡,研究工业行业的能耗问题就至关重要。
本文以工业内部各行业为研究对象,通过大量的理论和实证分析,对工业行业的
能源消费状况进行了研究。本文的主要内容和相应观点可以归纳为以下三个方
面:
第一,在对经济发展中能源消耗问题的重要性进行分析的基础上,结合中国
工业行业能源消费的资料和数据及国内外相关研究,运用计量模型及因素分解模
型对近年来工业行业能源消耗总量、结构、效率的影响因素及其影响力进行了测
算。研究认为,工业各行业由于自身的特性,在能源消费总量和能源利用效率上
存在较大差距,但是工业行业的整体能源消费状况不容乐观。规模效应是导致工
业行业能源消费总量增长的主要因素。而技术进步则对行业能源效率的提高和能
源消费总量的降低都有明显作用。
第二,在当前的能源消费模式下,工业行业在未来发展中必将面临能源约束
压力。本文对能源压力的定义、来源等进行了论述,使用工业行业未来的能源需
求来量化能源压力。为了提高预测的可信度,分别运用灰色关联模型和情景分析
法对工业行业未来的各种能源需求量进行了测算。根据预测结果,按照目前的发
展趋势,在没有突发情况的前提下,未来的 20 年间,工业行业各种能源消费数
量还会大幅上涨,能源供需平衡面临极大的挑战。
第三,针对能源紧缺问题,工业行业是否具有相应节能潜力以缓解能源压力
就变得十分关键。本文使用了数据包络模型来测算工业行业的节能潜力,用无效
损失的能源投入量化各行业历年的节能潜力。根据实证结果,虽然工业行业节能
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浙江财经学院硕士学位论文
潜力占工业能源消费总量的比重在不断的下降,但是仍然保持在年均 30%以上的
高度,节能空间巨大。不同行业的节能空间也差异很大,煤炭开采和洗选业、
学原料及化学制品制造业、非金属矿物制品业等行业可节约能源量很高,是实现
节能的重点行业。
应该看到,一方面,工业行业的经济增长方式、产业结构、能源结构等等都
影响着工业行业的能源利用效率和能源消费总量,未来各种能源需求的大量增长
给经济发展带来不小压力。但是另一方面,工业行业的节能空间巨大。因此,
该采取一系列的措施来发掘和利用这一潜力,特别是针对那些节能空间较大的行
业,要加大督促和监管的力度。
关键词: 工业行业;能源消费;能源压力;节能潜力
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浙江财经学院硕士学位论文
ABSTRACT
Energy is one of the essential elements in the process of economic development,
Relied on the high input and high growth mode, China has achieved economic
take-off. In the process, the contribution of the industrial sector is huge. Over the
years, the industrial sector's energy consumption accounted for the proportion of total
energy consumption has been very high, maintained at about 70%. the huge growth in
industrial sector's energy consumption every year is the main driving force for a
substantial increase in China's total energy consumption. For a long time, the is a
antagonistic relationship exists between industrial economic growth and the
energy-saving. China has relatively abundant coal energy, but lack of oil and gas
energy. On the whole , energy reserves not only poor but also with low quality. The
disadvantage is abvours on the varieties of energy and the distribution structure of
energy region.those all have brought great costs to economic development. The gap is
significant between China and developed countries' energy efficiency. Under such an
extensive growth mode, the scarcity and non-renewable nature of energy make energy
gradually become a bottleneck that restricting the development of the industrial
economy, The energy pressure China faces is increasingly severe . Especially after the
"12th Five-Year Plan" has been publiced , the pressure is increasing. Therefore, we
must seek a balance between the industrial economic growth and energy saving. It is
crucial to study the energy consumption of the industrial sector. Objected on every
industries, the research makes a large number of theoretical and empirical analysis
on energy consumption of the industrial sector,.The main content of this paper and the
corresponding point of views can be summarized in the following three aspects:
First, analysis the importance of energy consumption in economic development
from the theoretical level. And then combines with the industrial energy consumption
information, data and research at home and abroad, uses of econometric models and
factor decomposition model calculates the factors that influencing and its influence on
the total energy consumption, structure, efficiency of the industrial sector,. The studies
suggest that the various sectors of the industry due to its own characteristics, there is a
larger gap in the total energy consumption and energy efficiency, but the overall
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浙江财经学院硕士学位论文
energy consumption of the industrial sector is not optimistic. Structural effects are the
main factors leading to growth in total energy consumption of the industrial sector.
And technological progress have a significant role in improve industry energy
efficiency and reduce total energy consumption. Second, the article focuses on the
energy constraint pressure the industrial sector facing in the future. The future energy
needs of the industrial sector on the basis of its qualitative analysis to quantify the
pressure. Respectively, using gray relational model and scenario analysis to estimate
of future energy demand of the industrial sector, in order to improve the credibility of
the forecast,. According to the results, in accordance with the current trends in the
absence of unforeseen circumstances, in the next 20 years, the industrial sector's
energy consumption will rose sharply, energy supply and demand balance facing great
challenges. Third, for the problem of energy shortage, Whether the industrial sector
has the corresponding energy-saving potential to alleviate the the energy pressure
becomes very crucial. the article uses data envelopment model to measure the
energy-saving potential of the industrial sector, with invalid loss of energy inputs
quantify industries energy-saving potential. According to the empirical results,
although the energy-saving potential of the industrial sector accounted for the
proportion of total industrial energy consumption continues to decline, but remained
at an annual average of more than 30% , there exsists a great energy-saving space.
Some of the high energy-consuming industries invalid serious loss of energy, energy
conservation is imperative. Such as coal mining and washing industry, from 2003 to
2010, the cumulative energy savings amount equivalent to half of the total energy
consumption of the year 2003.
This paper argues that on the one hand, the mode of economic growth of the
industrial sector, the industrial structure and energy structure, etc., all affect the
industrial sector energy efficiency and consumption, a large increase in future energy
demand to economic development is not a small pressure. But on the other hand, the
industrial sector's energy-saving space is huge. Therefore, we should take a series of
measures to discover and take advantage of this potential, especially for those
industries with larger energy-saving space , more efforts should be made to increase
the supervision and regulation.
Keywords: industrial sector; energy consumption; energy pressure; energy saving
potential
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浙江财经学院硕士学位论文
第一章 绪论..................................................................................................................1
第一节 问题提出...................................................................................................1
第二节 文献综述...................................................................................................2
第三节 主要内容与技术路径...............................................................................7
第二章 工业行业能源消费及其影响因素................................................................10
第一节 工业经济增长与能源消费数量关系研究.............................................10
第二节 工业经济增长与能源消费结构变动.....................................................12
第三节 工业行业能源消费变动的因素分解分析.............................................18
第四节 工业行业能源效率变动的影响因素.....................................................21
第三章 工业行业能源压力........................................................................................25
第一节 工业增长面临的能源压力.....................................................................25
第二节 能源压力定量预测.................................................................................28
第三节 结果分析.................................................................................................36
第四章 工业行业的节能潜力研究............................................................................38
第一节 工业行业节能潜力概述.........................................................................38
第二节 工业行业节能潜力模型检验.................................................................40
第三节 本章小结.................................................................................................42
第五章 结论及政策含义............................................................................................44
第一节 结论.........................................................................................................44
第二节 政策建议.................................................................................................45
参考文献......................................................................................................................47
附录..............................................................................................................................50
附表..............................................................................................................................51
附表一...................................................................................................................51
附表二...................................................................................................................52
致谢..............................................................................................................................55
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浙江财经学院硕士学位论文
第一章 绪论
第一节 问题提出
中国经济增长面临日益严峻的能源压力。改革开放以来,中国经济取得了快
速的发展,GDP 平均每年以 9% 以上的增长率增长。伴随中国经济的快速发展,
能源消费也随之迅速增长,近几年中国的能源平均消费增长率保持在 9 %以上。
能源作为经济发展的必要投入,对推动经济发展有着至关重要的影响。但中国能
源资源并不丰富,煤炭人均剩余可采储量仅为世界人均水平的 60%石油、天然
气人均占有量也只是世界人均水平的 6.2%6.7%能源消费量却逐年迅速增加,
且能源利用效率低下。2010 年,中国已超过美国成为世界第一大能源消费国,
能源消耗量占到了世界能源消费总量的 20%左右,但是 GDP 总量不足世界的
10%,单位国内生产总值能耗是世界平均水平的 2.2 倍。在这种供求失衡的情况
下,主要矿产能源对外依存度逐年提高。2010 年的一次能源消费总量中,12%
是由进口支撑的,石油对外依存度已经超过 55%天然气依存度已经超过 16%
煤炭也已经是净进口。
终端能源消费可以分为农业、工业、建筑业、交通运输业、批发零售业以及
其他行业和生活消费。在中国能源消费结构中,工业行业的能源消耗量占能源消
耗总量的比重一直维持在 70%左右,如下图 1-1 所示。所以工业行业能源消费的
变动趋势决定了能源消费总量的变动趋势。
数据来源:《中国能源统计年鉴》
1
摘要:

浙江财经学院硕士学位论文摘要能源是经济发展过程中必不可少的要素之一,中国依靠高投入高产出的增长模式,实现了经济的腾飞,在这一过程中,工业行业的贡献巨大。同时,工业行业历年的能源消耗量占能源消耗总量的比重一直很高,维持在70%左右,工业行业能耗逐年大量增长是中国总能源消费大量增加的主要推动力。长期以来,工业经济增长与节能之间存在着对立关系。中国是煤炭能源较为丰富、油气能源相对不足的国家,总体能源储量并不丰富,能源质量低。能源品种结构和能源地区分布结构的先天不足,给经济发展带来了巨大的成本。工业行业的能源的利用效率与发达国家相比,差距明显。在这种粗放的增长模式之下,能源的稀缺性和不可再生性使得能源...

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作者:周伟光 分类:高等教育资料 价格:15积分 属性:54 页 大小:745.64KB 格式:PDF 时间:2024-09-30

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