并购主体对上市公司并购绩效的影响研究——基于事件研究法和会计研究法的比较分析

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3.0 周伟光 2024-09-29 4 4 789.66KB 50 页 15积分
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浙江财经学院硕士学位论文
I
并购重组作为资本市场上资源配置的重要方式,其效率的高低一直是经济学
家们关注的热门问题。衡量并购重组效率的主要指标就是并购重组是否创造价
值,以及创造价值的多少。因为企业的最终目的是为了增加股东财富,因此,
多学者认为只要并购以后,股东财富增加了,那么并购就是成功的。而对于上市
公司来说,股价的涨跌和股东财富之间具有相关关系,并购前后的股票价格变化
也就说明了并购的价值,从而间接可以表明并购作为资本配置方式效率的大小。
主要研究并购前后股票价格累积超额收益的事件研究法就是以此为理论基础的。
因为股价要想正确的表明公司价值,就要求资本市场是有效的,资本市场的有效
性如果受到质疑怎么办?那么就发展出另一种方法,用财务指标的变化来衡量公
司并购前后价值的变化,从而发现并购的效率,这就是会计研究法。两种研究方
法各有千秋,至今没有学者给出两种方法在研究此问题上的优劣。
本文在研究前人相关成果的基础上,提出了事件研究法和会计研究法的改进
模型,然后基于 2003 630 -2009 12 31 日上市公司并购事件,从公
司并购主体出发,分别用以上两种方法对公司并购的绩效问题进行了研究。发现
市场对于国有企业并购效果的评价并没有民营企业高,国有企业股票的累积超额
收益率远远低于民营企业。而财务水平上国有企业的财务水平表现比较平稳,
购后略有上升,民营企业的财务绩效从并购前到并购后经历了一个先降后升的过
程。而结合市场反映来看,国有企业并购过程中财务绩效没有出现下降是因为国
有企业倾向通过并购来改善财务指标,而并不是进行经济战略方面的并购。而民
营企业往往更加倾向去通过并购实现经济目标,而不是通过简单资产堆砌实现资
产的优化。
两种研究方法对这一问题的研究结果相互之间得到了印证,为了检验两种方
法在研究并购绩效问题上结果的一致性,本文又从并购目标的角度对于并购绩效
问题进行了扩展性研究。最后得到的结果还是基本一致的,即并购前存在财务困
境的上市公司并购后的绩效好于并购前财务状况较好的上市公司。但也有略微差
异,主要是并购前存在财务困境的上市公司在市场绩效上表现明显好于并购前不
存在财务困境的上市公司。而在财务绩效上,这种结果就不是那么的明显,绝对
量上,并购前存在财务困境的上市公司的财务绩效低于并购前不存在财务困境的
公司。变化趋势上看,并购后的第一年中,两类上市公司的财务绩效变化方向相
反。并购前存在财务困境的上市公司在并购后的八个季度中,有六个季度财务绩
浙江财经学院硕士学位论文
II
效的增长大于并购前财务状况较好的上市公司。两种研究方法结果的差异主要可
能是由于以下原因:1.并购前处于财务困境的上市公司通过并购提高了财务绩
效,使得并购后公司价值有所上升;2.并购前财务状况较好的公司由于并购使得
财务绩效降低,使得公司价值降低;3.市场对于公司评价的主要信息来源是公司
财务绩效的变化,缺乏更多的手段去衡量公司的价值。由于两种研究方法的主要
分歧是市场是否有效,而两种研究方法对同一问题的研究结果的一致性也表明我
国资本市场具有一定的有效性。
关键词:并购主体;并购绩效;事件研究法;会计研究法
浙江财经学院硕士学位论文
III
ABSTRACT
As one of the most important ways to allocate resources in securities market, the
efficiency of M&A has been focused by economists. Whether the merger and
Acquisitions to create value, and how much to create value is the main index to
measure the efficiency of the M&A. Because increase the shareholders’ wealth is
enterprise's ultimate goal, therefore, many scholars believe that if after merger and
acquisition, the shareholders’ wealth increased, so M&A is successful. For the listed
company, the stock price related to the shareholders’ wealth, after the M&A of stock
price changes also can explains the value of M&A, and indirect can show that the
efficiency of M&A as a way to allocate resources. The event study method is based
on this theory .If the stock price can truly shows the value of enterprise, efficient
market is a necessary condition, and then how to do if efficient market be questioned?
So, another use financial indicator system to measure the enterprise value research
method was found. This method also can be used to test the performance of the M&A.
Each methods of has its advantages, there is a question about which is better.
Based on the study of predecessors records, in this paper improved the event
study methodology and financial indicator methodology first. Then according to the
subject of M&A, I based on the M&A data of Chinese listed companies in June 30,
2003 - December 31, 2009, use the above two methods respectively to research the
performance of the company merger and acquisition. For the subject of M&A, the
state-owned enterprise has lower stock cumulative excess yields than private
enterprises’, the state-owned enterprise financial performance is more stable and has
risen slightly after the M&A, the private enterprises' financial performance has
experienced first drop and then came up. Combined with market reflect analysis, the
financial performance of state-owned enterprises in the M&A process didn't decline
because of it tendency through mergers and acquisitions to improve financial
performance, not economic strategy. Private enterprises are often more tendency to
realize economic goals through mergers and acquisitions, rather than through the
simple assets packing to realize the growth of assets.
Two kinds of research methods have a same result, in order to test whether the
two methods in the study other M&A performance issues. I study the influence of
different financial situation before the M&A to the company’s performance. The
results achieved together, if the company have financial distress before the M&A
show a better performance than the financial condition good one. There is a little
different, the company which have financial distress before the M&A show a higher
Cumulative Abnormal Return(CAR). But the financial index system of which have
financial distress before the M&A doesn’t better than the company which financial
condition good before the M&A so significant. Absolute magnitude, the financial
performance of the listed company which before the acquisition existence financial
distress is lower than the company which before the acquisition does not exist the
浙江财经学院硕士学位论文
IV
financial distress. Trend point of view, in the first years after the M&A two categories
of listed company's financial performance changes in opposite directions. After the
M&A there are six quarters in the eight, the listed company which before the
acquisition existence financial distress have better growth. The two differences results
of research methods may be due to the following reasons: 1, The financial position of
the listed company which before the acquisition existence financial distress is
improved by M&A, promoted company values; 2, The financial position of the
company which before the acquisition does not exist has been reduced by M&A,
decline company values; 3, The main information source of market to evaluation the
company values is the company's financial performance change, lack of more means
to measure the value of the company. The main divergence of two method is whether
the market is effective, for same issue the two method achieved together, this can say
the market is effective.
Keywords: the subject of M&A; the performance of M&A; event study
methodologyfinancial indicator methodology
浙江财经学院硕士学位论文
V
目录
第一章 导 论.......................................................1
第一节 研究背景及意义 ............................................1
第二节 研究内容 ..................................................2
第三节 思路创新及方法改进 ........................................4
第二章 文献综述.....................................................6
第一节 关于并购的事件研究法的相关研究 ............................6
第二节 关于并购的会计研究法的相关研究 ............................9
第三节 关于企业并购的其他研究 ...................................12
第三章 理论基础及研究方法..........................................14
第一节 理论基础 ..................................................14
第二节 事件研究法 ...............................................15
第三节 会计研究法 ...............................................17
第四章 实证研究....................................................21
第一节 事件研究法对样本股票的研究结果 ...........................21
第二节 会计研究法对样本股票的研究结果 ...........................24
第三节 研究结果分析 ..............................................27
第五章 扩展性研究 ................................................30
第一节 研究假设 .................................................30
第二节 事件研究法对样本股票的研究结果 ...........................30
第三节 会计研究法对样本股票的研究结果 ...........................33
第四节 研究结果分析 ..............................................37
第六章 研究结论与政策建议..........................................39
第一节 实证结论及其分析 .........................................39
第二节 研究局限与后续改进 .......................................40
参考文献...........................................................42
附录 硕士研究生在读期间科研成果....................................46
致谢...............................................................47
摘要:

浙江财经学院硕士学位论文I摘要并购重组作为资本市场上资源配置的重要方式,其效率的高低一直是经济学家们关注的热门问题。衡量并购重组效率的主要指标就是并购重组是否创造价值,以及创造价值的多少。因为企业的最终目的是为了增加股东财富,因此,很多学者认为只要并购以后,股东财富增加了,那么并购就是成功的。而对于上市公司来说,股价的涨跌和股东财富之间具有相关关系,并购前后的股票价格变化也就说明了并购的价值,从而间接可以表明并购作为资本配置方式效率的大小。主要研究并购前后股票价格累积超额收益的事件研究法就是以此为理论基础的。因为股价要想正确的表明公司价值,就要求资本市场是有效的,资本市场的有效性如果受到质疑怎...

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作者:周伟光 分类:高等教育资料 价格:15积分 属性:50 页 大小:789.66KB 格式:PDF 时间:2024-09-29

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