时态工作流模型研究

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摘要

1993 工作流管理联盟的成立和它在次年发布的工作流参考模型标志着工作

流技术开始进入相对成熟阶段，涌现出了大量相关产品。随着企业竞争的加剧和

政府提高效率的迫切需要，对工作流产品的时效性、灵活性、可靠性提出了更高

的要求。本文研究以提高工作流产品时效性为目的，通过对现有工作流模型在时

间建模方面的扩充和完善，为该问题的最终解决提供理论基础。

本文提出了时态工作流的概念，它强调将时间作为一个维度引入工作流系

统，全面、系统地研究工作流系统中各元素及元素间关系的时态特性及其规律。

在此概念指导下，对时态信息的表示及演算、时态工作流元模型、过程模型及其

静态验证等基础问题进行了深入的研究。具体来讲，可分为如下四个方面：

1）时态信息表示及演算。在对时间系统进行分析的基础上，定义了时间点、

时间区间和时间距离三种基本时态元素及其演算，讨论了绝对时间和相对时间问

题。时态信息的形式化表示及其运算的定义，为后续时态工作流中时间信息的描

述和处理提供了严格、规范的基础；

2）建立时态工作流过程元模型。系统、全面地描述了工作流过程的基本概

念及其概念间的联系，将过程中的任务概念分解为业务任务和管理任务。在此基

础上，结合过程和任务的状态图深入、系统地分析了各个元素的时间属性，并最

终形式化地定义了时态工作流过程元模型；

3）建立时态工作流模型。将工作流的基本概念映射为理论模型的基本元素,

提出了能够综合描述过程、信息、资源和应用程序四维信息的时态工作流过程模

型 TPWF-net，并给出了形式化的定义和模型的动态语义。定义了 TPWF-net 的图

形符号体系以及建模的一般步骤。最后，用 UML 的类图分别描述了另外三个子模

型：信息模型、资源模型和应用程序模型，并分析了其中元素的时态属性；

4）研究过程模型合理性分析和验证的方法。证明了 TPWF-net 与 WF-net 的

结构等价性、自由选择同步 TPWF-net 和良构 TPWF-net 的合理性可以在多项式时

间内判定等结论。在此理论指导下，提出了结构化建模的思想，定义了一组基本

过程结构和建模规则。最后，深入阐述了基于结构化简的 TPWF-net 模型验证方

摘要

法，给出了一组化简规则和化简步骤。对基于可达图的自动化验证方法及其与结

构化简相结合的方法进行了初步的探索。

时态工作流模型的研究使工作流中时间要素的描述和分析更加全面，有助

于促进工作流相关问题（如：柔性）的研究，并与时态数据库的研究互相促进。

在该理论指导下开发的时态工作流产品是电子政务、电子商务、企业信息化等领

域的重要基础性平台，具有极大的应用价值。

关键词：工作流，时态信息，元模型，过程模型，模型验证

Abstract

It is a symbol of workflow technology coming into a more mature phase

that Workflow Management Coalition (WfMC) was founded in 1993 and the

Workflow Reference Model was issued successionally. Many related products

have emerged from then. More drastic competitions among enterprises and

the exigent needs for governments to improve their efficiency make it more

important for workflow products to support the characteristics of higher

ability to control time, flexibility and reliability. This dissertation

aims at the prolem to improve the ability of workflow products to control

time, and intends to provide more perfect theory through extensions and

mends to the current time-related workflow model.

Temporal Workflow is presented as a concept in this dissertation,

which means the workflow in which time is introduced as a dimension. Based

on this, the temporal characteristics and rules about the elements and

their relations in a workflow system can be studied completely and

systematically. This research on temporal workflow includes:

1) The expression and calculation of temporal information. Based on

the analysis on time system, three basic temporal information elements

and their calculations are intrduced, which includes TimePoint ，

TimeInterval and TimeSpan. The concepts of absolute time and relative time

are also discussed. These provide a precise and normative method to

express and handle the temporal information in workflow.

2) The process meta-model of temporal workflow. The basic concepts

and their relations in workflow process are described completely and

systematically. The concept of task is devided into business task and

management task. Then, with the help of the state graph of a task, the

time attributes of every element and relation are analysed and expressed,

III

Abstract

and a formal process meta-model of temporal workflow is created

eventually.

3) The model of temporal workflow. The model includes four sub-models:

process model, information model, resource model and application model.

Through mapping the concepts in the meta-model into the elements of Petri

Net, a process model, TPWF-net, is presented, which can describe process,

information, resource and application in one model synthetically. The

formal process model and its dynamic semantics are defined strictly.

Graphic symbols of the model and a modeling approach are also descrided.

Finally, other three sub-models are dicussed and the temporal attributes

of their elements are expressed as temporal information elements.

4) The analysis and verification of TPWF-net. Some theorems are

proved, which includes structural equipollence between TPWF-net and

WF-net, the soundness of free-choice synchro TPWF-net and well-structured

TPWF-net can be decided in polynomial time, etc. Based on these,

structured modeling method is presented, which includes a set of basic

structure blocks and some modeling rules. Finally, a structure-

simplified method of model verification is presented, which includes a

group of rules and steps. An automatic method based on reachability graph

is also discussed briefly.

The research on temporal workflow model makes it more comprehensive

to describe and analyse the time-related problems in workflow area.

Products based on these theories will become important basic platforms

for e-government, e-commerce and enterprise informatization.

Key words: workflow, temporal information, meta-model, process model,

model verification

摘要........................................................................................................................................... I

Abstract.........................................................................................................................................III

第一章绪论.............................................................................................................................. - 1 -

1.1 课题来源与研究背景.................................................................................................. - 1 -

1.2 国内外研究现状及分析.............................................................................................. - 1 -

1.3 时态工作流的概念...................................................................................................... - 5 -

1.4 研究的目标和意义...................................................................................................... - 7 -

1.4.1 研究的目标与范围.......................................................................................... - 7 -

1.4.2 研究的意义...................................................................................................... - 8 -

1.5 本文主要贡献及创新点.............................................................................................. - 9 -

1.6 本文结构说明............................................................................................................ - 10 -

第二章时态信息表示及演算................................................................................................ - 11 -

2.1 引言............................................................................................................................ - 11 -

2.2 时间系统.................................................................................................................... - 11 -

2.3 时态信息元素的类型................................................................................................ - 12 -

2.4 时态信息演算............................................................................................................ - 13 -

2.4.1 时态信息关系运算........................................................................................ - 13 -

2.4.2 时态信息算术运算........................................................................................ - 15 -

2.4.3 常用的时态信息计算函数............................................................................ - 16 -

2.5 绝对时间和相对时间................................................................................................ - 16 -

2.6 本章小结.................................................................................................................... - 17 -

第三章时态工作流过程元模型............................................................................................ - 18 -

3.1 引言............................................................................................................................ - 18 -

3.2 相关研究.................................................................................................................... - 18 -

3.3 一个扩展的工作流过程元模型................................................................................ - 20 -

3.3.1 过程定义元模型............................................................................................ - 20 -

3.3.2 过程执行元模型............................................................................................ - 22 -

3.3.3 过程定义元模型与执行元模型的关系........................................................ - 23 -

3.4 过程元模型的时间属性分析.................................................................................... - 23 -

3.4.1 过程的时间属性............................................................................................ - 23 -

3.4.2 任务的时间属性............................................................................................ - 24 -

3.4.3 角色的时间属性............................................................................................ - 27 -

3.4.4 应用程序的时间属性.................................................................................... - 27 -

3.4.5 数据的时间属性............................................................................................ - 27 -

3.4.6 规则的时间属性............................................................................................ - 28 -

3.5 时态工作流过程元模型的形式化表示.................................................................... - 29 -

3.6 本章小结.................................................................................................................... - 33 -

第四章时态工作流模型........................................................................................................ - 34 -

4.1 引言............................................................................................................................ - 34 -

4.2 相关研究.................................................................................................................... - 35 -

4.2.1 Petri网............................................................................................................ - 37 -

4.2.2 工作流网WF-net............................................................................................ - 38 -

4.2.3 时间工作流网TWF-net ................................................................................. - 39 -

4.2.4 多维过程模型................................................................................................ - 40 -

4.3 过程模型.................................................................................................................... - 41 -

4.3.1 工作流概念到模型元素的映射.................................................................... - 42 -

4.3.2 时态工作流网TPWF-net ............................................................................... - 44 -

4.3.3 TPWF-net的动态语义................................................................................... - 46 -

4.3.4 TPWF-net的图形表示................................................................................... - 48 -

4.3.5 TPWF-net的建模步骤................................................................................... - 51 -

4.4 资源模型.................................................................................................................... - 52 -

4.5 信息模型.................................................................................................................... - 54 -

4.6 应用程序模型............................................................................................................ - 55 -

4.7 本章小结.................................................................................................................... - 56 -

第五章过程模型的合理性分析与验证................................................................................ - 57 -

5.1 引言............................................................................................................................ - 57 -

5.2 相关研究.................................................................................................................... - 57 -

5.3 过程模型合理性的概念............................................................................................ - 58 -

5.4 过程模型的结构合理性分析.................................................................................... - 59 -

5.4.1 TPWF-net的结构特性及其合理性 ............................................................... - 59 -

5.4.2 过程合理性导出的建模规则........................................................................ - 66 -

5.5 过程模型的时间约束一致性分析............................................................................ - 69 -

5.5.1 时间约束一致性的指标................................................................................ - 69 -

5.5.2 基本过程结构的时间计算方法.................................................................... - 70 -

5.6 过程模型合理性的验证方法.................................................................................... - 72 -

5.6.1 基于结构化简的方法.................................................................................... - 72 -

5.6.2 基于可达图的自动化方法初探.................................................................... - 75 -

5.6.3 基于结构化简与可达图相结合的方法构想 ................................................ - 77 -

5.7 本章小结.................................................................................................................... - 77 -

第六章案例研究.................................................................................................................... - 78 -

6.1 案例描述.................................................................................................................... - 78 -

6.2 过程建模.................................................................................................................... - 78 -

6.3 模型合理性验证........................................................................................................ - 85 -

6.4 本章小结.................................................................................................................... - 87 -

第七章总结与展望................................................................................................................ - 88 -

7.1 本文总结.................................................................................................................... - 88 -

7.2 进一步工作展望........................................................................................................ - 89 -

参考文献.................................................................................................................................... - 91 -

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摘要：

摘要摘要1993工作流管理联盟的成立和它在次年发布的工作流参考模型标志着工作流技术开始进入相对成熟阶段，涌现出了大量相关产品。随着企业竞争的加剧和政府提高效率的迫切需要，对工作流产品的时效性、灵活性、可靠性提出了更高的要求。本文研究以提高工作流产品时效性为目的，通过对现有工作流模型在时间建模方面的扩充和完善，为该问题的最终解决提供理论基础。本文提出了时态工作流的概念，它强调将时间作为一个维度引入工作流系统，全面、系统地研究工作流系统中各元素及元素间关系的时态特性及其规律。在此概念指导下，对时态信息的表示及演算、时态工作流元模型、过程模型及其静态验证等基础问题进行了深入的研究。具体来讲，可分为如...

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