我国地方税主体税种选择研究

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3.0 周伟光 2024-09-20 5 4 754.01KB 61 页 150积分
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浙江财经学院硕士学位论文
III
摘 要
地方税主体税种的选择,是一个十分复杂、重要而且备受关注的问题。一般
来讲,一个健全的地方税收体系,通常具备主体税种明晰,辅助税种配置得当,
税权配置合理,税收征管能力强等特性。在地方税体系中,主体税种是核心,也
是完善地方税收体系的首要问题。也就是说,如果地方税中主体税种不明晰,或
者其主体地位不突出,那么必然会影响到地方税收入的取得,进而影响其整体功
能的发挥,最终会使地方政府不能高效地提供地方性公共产品,也无法高效地履
行其职能。因此,选择并确立地方税主体税种不仅能保证地方政府及时、足额和
恒久稳定地取得税收收入,而且有利于地方政府各项职能的履行。同时,随着我
国加入 WTO 以及全球一体化进程的加快,国与国之间的竞争也显得尤为激烈,
仅如此,一国之内,地方政府之间的竞争也同样不可避免,而且竞争的方式也呈
现多样化,税收竞争便是其中一种非常重要的方式。很明显,如果其地方税收体
系不完善,必然会削弱其竞争力。因而,是否选择并确立地方税主体税种,对于
地方政府能否在竞争中处于优势地位也至关重要。因此,研究地方税主体税种的
选择,便有了重大的理论意义和现实意义。通过对这一问题的研究,不仅可以从
理论上证明地方税主体税种有存在的必要性,而且可以在借鉴国外地方税主体税
种选择的成功经验基础上,并结合我国的现状,揭示出地方税主体税种不能缺少。
同时,基于这一研究,我们可以依据我国的国情,设计出我国地方税主体税种选
择的思路以及提出具体的政策建议和相应的配套改革措施。无疑,这一研究成果
也极有可能对我国地方税体系的完善以及地方税主体税种的选择的实践具有重要
的参考价值和指导意义。
本文从地方税的概念入手,在总结和借鉴前人研究成果的基础上,对其进行
重新诠释,进而重新界定了地方税收入的统计口径,并且从理论上对其存在的重
要性进行论证。在此基础上,从系统论和税收职能相互协调的视角论证了地方税
主体税种也是有其存在的必要性的。这也是全文研究的基础。接着,从不同的政
体(中央集权型和联邦制两个方面)对国外地方税主体税种选择的成功案例分析
后,发掘其中值得我国政府借鉴的有益经验,并以此切入到对我国地方税主体税
种现状的分析上来。在对我国现实问题进行分析时,从静态(地方税中重要税种
浙江财经学院硕士学位论文
IV
收入占地方税收入的比重)和动态(各重要税种收入的增长率)两个角度,并辅
之以对税收收入的弹性(包括地方税收入弹性和各重要税种收入弹性)分析,以
揭示我国地方税主体税种缺失的现状。最后,在前文分析的基础上,提出从长远
来看,应当以营业税作为我国省级财政的主体税种,房地产税和城市维护建设税
作为县级财政的主体税种, 同时,辅之以相关方面的配套改革。
关键词:地方税;地方税主体税种;营业税;房地产税;税收征管
浙江财经学院硕士学位论文
V
ABSTRACT
The choice of main body categories of local taxes is very complex and important issue, which is
also paid a lot of attention. Generally speaking, a set of perfect local tax system, usually possess such
characteristics as the clarity of main body categories of local taxes , the appropriate auxiliary
categories of taxes disposition , reasonable tax power disposition , strong tax revenue collection
ability and so on . In the local tax system, the main body category of local taxes is a core and the
most important problem of consummating the local tax system. In other words, if the main body
categories of local taxes is not defined clearly, or its principal status is not prominent, it inevitably
affects the local tax revenue and the exertion of its overall function, and finally makes that the local
authority is unable to provide the local public goods and fulfill its function with high efficiency.
Therefore, the choice and establishment of the main body categories of local taxes not only
guarantees that the authority obtain the sufficient and stable amount of tax revenue in time
permanently , but also it is advantageous for the local authority to perform their all kinds of
functions. At the same time, with the fact that we join in the WTO and the course of global
integration is sped up, the competition between the countries also becomes furious especially.
Moreover, the competition between the local governments is also inevitable in our country, and the
way of competition also presents a kind of diversification, and the tax competition is one important
of them. Obviously, if the local tax system is imperfect, its competitive power will be weakened
inevitably. Therefore, the choice and establishment of the main body categories of local taxes are
very important for local authority.
Therefore, the research on the choice of main body categories of local taxes has its great
theoretic and practical significance. Through this research, we not only may prove the necessity of
the main body categories of local taxes in theory, but also may post the indispensability of the main
body categories of local taxes with the reference of the foreign successful experience on of the main
body categories of local taxes and present situation on this issue in our country. At the same time,
based on this research, we may devise the thoughts of choosing the main body categories of local
taxes as well as put forward the proposal and the corresponding reform measure.
In this paper, the author began with the concept of local tax, and defined the statistical caliber
of local tax revenue again on the basis of summary and reference of the predecessors’ research
浙江财经学院硕士学位论文
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outcome, and demonstrated the importance of its existence theoretically. In this foundation, the
author proved the necessity of the main body categories of local taxes from the view of the
systematic theory and the harmony of different tax functions, which is also the research foundation
of the full text. Then, after the analysis of the successful case in choice of the main body categories
of local taxes in overseas according to different regimes (Centralization and federal system), the
author excavated their beneficial experience for our country to learn from. The author analyses the
realistic question of our country from static state (the proportion of the local tax revenue accounts for
the complete tax revenue) and dynamic (the revenue rate of increment undulatory property), and
made an research on tax revenue income elasticity as the auxiliary, in order to promulgate that the
lack of the main body categories of local taxes in present situation. In the end, the author thought
that it must take the business tax as the main body categories of local taxes for our country
provincial finance, while the real estate tax and the city maintenance construction tax as the main
body categories of local taxes for county finance.
Keywords: local tax; the main body categories of local taxes; business tax; the real estate tax;
the collection and management of tax revenue
浙江财经学院硕士学位论文
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目 录
导言···········································································1
第一章 地方税主体税种选择的理论基础·······································8
第一节 地方税的定义及其存在的必要性分析······························8
第二节 地方税主体税种的确立及其存在的必要性························12
第三节 地方税主体税种选择的影响因素分析·····························15
第二章 国外地方税主体税种选择的经验分析·································18
第一节 中央集权型国家地方税主体税种选择分析························18
第二节 联邦制国家地方税主体税种选择分析·····························22
第三节 国外地方税主体税种选择对我国的启示··························25
第三章 我国地方税主体税种的现状分析·······································27
第一节 我国地方税主体税种的现状······································27
第二节 地方税收入增长与经济增长的实证分析··························36
第三节 我国地方税主体税种缺失的原因分析·····························41
第四节 地方税主体税种缺失的危害性分析·······························43
第四章 我国地方税主体税种选择的现实分析·································45
第一节 我国地方税主体税种选择的依据分析·····························45
第二节 我国地方税主体税种选择的思路分析·····························47
第三节 相关政策建议····················································50
参考文献·····································································54
后记··········································································57
浙江财经学院硕士学位论文
1
导 言
一、问题的提出
地方税收,是地方政府财政收入的主要来源,其主要职责是为地方政府履行
各项职能、发展本地经济、提高人民生活水平提供充分的财力保障。然而,这一
切都有赖于地方税收体系是否健全和完善,以及相关配套措施是否合理得当,是
否切实地发挥作用。一般来说,一个健全的地方税收体系,通常具备主体税种明
晰,辅助税种配置得当,税权配置合理,税收征管能力强等特性。也只有如此,
地方政府才可以充分、高效地为本地居民提供公共产品,履行地方政府的各项职
责。
所谓地方税主体税种,指的是某一个或几个长期稳定地在地方税收收入中占
据较大份额,构成地方税收入的主体,同时,也对地方的经济具有相当的调节作
用的地方税种(或税类)。纵观我国的地方税收体系,虽然有几个重要的税种(实
践中往往称之为主体税种)的收入长期以来都在地方税收收入中占有较大的比重,
如营业税、增值税(地方分享部分)企业所得税2005 年营业税的比重为 33.2%
增值税(地方分享部分)22.5%企业所得税为 23.4%但是深入分析后,
会发现:这些重要税种的收入增长率具有极大的波动性(1995 年营业税收入的增
长率为 21.8%此后一直下降,1999 年降至最低点 8.4%1999 后又开始回升,2005
年增长率达到 41.6%1995 年企业所得税收入的增长率为 20.3%此后几年中,2000
年增长率高达 68.4%2002 年增长率低至-28.8%同时,地方税收入对GDP的增
长弹性过小0.14这些重要税种对地方税收入的增长弹性也较小(营业税为 0.74
企业所得税为 0.92,其结果便是地方政府很难取得恒久稳定的收入,进而也无法
充分高效地履行其各项职能,而这些重要的税种也就并不显得“重要”了,或者
说,还只是名不符实的主体税种。因此,如何使地方税收入保持持续稳定的增长
态势,便是一个亟待解决的问题了。很明显,地方税主体税种的确立对于完善地
方税体系,增加地方税收入,将会起到相当重要的作用。
同时,加入 WTO 对于我国来说,不仅是一个机遇,更是一个挑战,我国能否
国家统计局. 中国统计年鉴 2006[Z] . 北京:中国统计出版社,2006,有关数据计算得来,此处地方税收入
中包括增值税(地方分享部分)
摘要:

浙江财经学院硕士学位论文III摘要地方税主体税种的选择,是一个十分复杂、重要而且备受关注的问题。一般来讲,一个健全的地方税收体系,通常具备主体税种明晰,辅助税种配置得当,税权配置合理,税收征管能力强等特性。在地方税体系中,主体税种是核心,也是完善地方税收体系的首要问题。也就是说,如果地方税中主体税种不明晰,或者其主体地位不突出,那么必然会影响到地方税收入的取得,进而影响其整体功能的发挥,最终会使地方政府不能高效地提供地方性公共产品,也无法高效地履行其职能。因此,选择并确立地方税主体税种不仅能保证地方政府及时、足额和恒久稳定地取得税收收入,而且有利于地方政府各项职能的履行。同时,随着我国加入WT...

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作者:周伟光 分类:高等教育资料 价格:150积分 属性:61 页 大小:754.01KB 格式:PDF 时间:2024-09-20

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